Without reading the addresses, it is to SA Group Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz) Mannheim.
The following order reached me at 3 o'clock on 10 November 1938.
"On the order of the Gruppenfuehrer, all the Jewish synagogues immediately."
"Neighboring houses occupied by Aryans are not to be damaged.
The action is to be carried out in civilian clothes. Rioting and plundering are to be prevented.
Report of execution of orders to reach Brigade Fuehrer or office by 8:30."
exact instructions; the execution of the order began at once.
I hereby report that the following were destroyed in the area of: I just refer to a few of them:
In Standarte 186 the first synagogue in Beerfelden was blown up, and then follow several others where the furnishings were wrecked. In Standarte 221 the first synagogue and Chapel in Gross Cerau was destroyed by fire, and the next one torn down and the furnishings destroyed; and then it is signed by the Fuehrer of Brigade 50, by a signature which is illegible, "Brigade Fuehrer." SA performing its function of propaganda agency for the Nazis. In this connection it was the function of SA to create and foster among the Jewish people an anti-Jewish spirit and sentiment without which the terrifying crimes against humanity perpetrated against the Jewish race certainly would not have been tolerated by any civilized peoples. Substantial and convincing evidence of this function is to be found in these bound volumes of "Der SA-Mann." Throughout the period covered by these volumes there appeared in this publication article after article consisting of the most cruel and vicious sort of anti-religious propaganda designed to engender and foster hatred and hostility toward the Jewish race.
I will simply refer to a few of the titles appearing. On 27 July 1935, at page 4, the title is "Finish up with the Jew." That is shown, if your Honor please, in Document 3050, pages 16 to 18 there listed. In the issue of 2 February 1935, page 5, the title is "The Jewish World Danger"; on 20 July 1935, page 4, "Jewish Worries"; "One Jew"; in 1935, page 1, "Jews Are Not Wanted Here"; and then follows a statement: "Then, also, outside of the last German the sign will stand Jews Are Not Wanted Here; and then, finally, no German citizen will again cross the threshold of a Jewish door. To achieve this goal is the mission of the SA man as the political soldier of the Fuehrer. Next to his word and his explanations stands his example."
Then on 17 August 1935, page 1, "God Save the Jew." Under 5 October, 1935, page 6, the title "The Face of the Jew" with a portrait of a Jew holding the hammer and sickle.
I will just refer to one or two more of them. Here is one on 23 November 1935, page 2. The title "The Camouflaged Benjamin - Jewish Cultural Bolshevism in German music."
the title being "Rumania to the Jews." the title being "Friends of the World Jewry - Roosevelt and Ickes." not intended that the philosophies expressed in them should be confined to members of SA; on the contrary, the plan was to educate the members of the SA with this iniquitous philosophy and for the SA in turn, to be employed for its dissemination into the minds of the German people. This fact is demonstrated in the introduction to a series of anti-Jewish articles in the paper of 5 December, 1936, at page 6. I will just read the title. It is found on page 28 of the same document and the title is as follows: "Grave Diggers of World Culture." Also on that same page, 28, I quote this statement:
"We suggest that the comrades especially take notice of this series of articles and see that they are further circulated." public to purchase and read "Der SA-Mann" and the various issues were posted in public places so that the general public might read them. "Der SA-Mann" itself contained several photographs which show particular issues posted upon street bulletin boards; and there are several photographs showing the advertising displays, one of which, for example, reads as follows -- this is in the issue of 31 October 1936: "Der SA-Mann belongs in every house, every hotel, every inn, every waiting room, and every store." Also in the issue of 24 August 1935, at page 3, there was a group picture of SA men on trucks and in front of the trucks were large signs, one of which read: "Read the Stuhrmer and you will know the Jew." On the same page there is a photograph of what appears to be a public rally, at which there is displayed a large poster which reads: "He who knows the Jew, knows the Devil."
THE PRESIDENT: Colonel Storey, the Tribunal expressed its view yesterday that they did not desire to hear cumulative evidence. Isn't this rather cumulative?
COL. STOREY: I agree with your Honor that possibly it is. I am trying to draw the line on it. I will omit the rest of them. the conspiracy.
THE PRESIDENT: Perhaps we had better adjourn now for ten minutes.
(A recess was taken from 1112 to 1130 hours).
COL. STOREY: If your Honor please, I have just started into the function of the SA in the conspiracy, that of its participation in the program for preparation for Warfare. the arresting and police activities of the SA, and I mentioned that they had declined after 1934. For fear there was some misapprehension, I would like to state that as a police organization and as an arresting agency, they declined steadily after 1934. the next phase, and that is the phase with which I deal now. If your Honor please, I have here an official government publication issued by the British government in 1943, the title being, "The Nazi Party and Organizations, and I should like to quote as to the organization and membership of the SA from that publication. It is the most authoritative that I have been able to find, and I would like to quote briefly from it:
"The SA were founded in 1921 as a para-military organization to protect Nazi meetings and leaders, to throw out interrupters and hecklers, to fight political enemies --"
THE PRESIDENT: Did you say 1941?
COL. STOREY: 1921. This is just a brief description of when they were organized and their membership.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
COL. STOREY: to fight political enemies and to provide pre-military training at a time when the legal Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. Their highest leader is Hitler himself, his deputy is the Stabschef (Chief of Staff der SA, from 1930 till June 1934, Roehm; from then onwards till his death in May 1943, Victor Lutze; since August 1943, Wilhelm Schepmann). In January 1933 the SA had only 300,000 members. After the seizure of power, its strength increased quickly; at present it has a membership of 1,500,000 to 2,000,000." Now, the date of this is 1943. the minds of the people of Germany. At this point it was the function of SA to prepare Germany -- mentally for the waging of a vicious and aggressive war.
SA leaders emphasized to SA members the duty and responsibility of creating and festering a militaristic spirit throughout Germany. In 1933 Hitler established the so-called SA sports program, and at that time, according to Sturmfuehrer Payer in his pamphlet "The SA", which I have previously introduced in evidence as Document 2168-PS, the SA at that time was "commiossioned to obtain an increase of and preservation of a warlike power and a warlike spirit as the expression of an aggressive attitude." in Document 3050-PS, which is the English translation of these newspaper articles, on page 12, he had a statement: "for the fostering of a military spirit."
The Organization Book of the Party is to the same effect. Document 3000-PS, which is USA Exhibit 323. I quote from a portion of that document -paragraphs one to three on page one of the English translation, beginning at the first paragraph:
"while the political organization of the NSDAP has carried out the political leadership, the SA is the training and education instrument of the Party for the realization of the world-philosophical soldier-like attitude.
"In conformity with the directives of the Fuehrer at the time of the Reich Party Meeting of Freedom, the SA is as the voluntary political soldiery, the guarantor of the National Socialist Movement, of the National Socialist Revolution and of the resurgence of the German people.
"Consequently, the young German in the SA is being inculcated in the first instance from the standpoint of world philosophy and character, and trained as the bearer of National Socialist armed will.
"Equally significant is a suitable education and training which the SA has accomplished within the yearly classes, and which have satisfied their arms obligation. This prevails until the age they, in all their spiritual, mental and Physical powers, are ready for use in maintaining the Movement, the People and State. They should find their best home in the SA. All that which could divide them economically, culturally, professionally or because of origin is being overcome in the SA by the spirit of comradeship and manly dignity.
"In that manner the SA is building a decisive factor on the path to a popular community Its spirit should radiate with soldierly tradition and possibility of application on all existing units outside of the movement. Their guardianship is thus an important mission of the SA." as war propaganda material have been translated; in other cases it has been deemed sufficient to translate merely the titles of articles, the titles in themselves being so descriptive that they disclose the nature and substance of the articles.
I should like to refer to a few of these titles on this subject. They are shown on the English translation of 3050, and they are listed on Page 1. the issue of 5 January 1935, page 13, the article "The German Living Space." The issue of 10 October 1936, page 15, "Our Right, Our Colonies." Another, of 14 October 1938, page 3, "Space and Folk." "Colonies for Germany", 2 January 1937, page 4. I should like to quote briefly from that article. I believe that it is on Page 1 of the English translation, 3050:
"The German Ambassador in London, Herr von Ribbentrop, recently, on occasion of a reception in the Anglo-German Fellowship has renewed, in a speech which aroused great interest, the unretractable claim of Germany for the restitution of its colonies which had been snatched away.
"Shortly thereafter the Reichsbank president and Reich Minister of Economics, Dr. Schacht, published in the English magazine, 'Foreign Affairs' a detailed article on the German colonial problem."
"For the rest Dr. Schacht laid out the categorical demand that Germany must, in order to solve its raw materials problem, get colonies, which must be administered by Germany, and in which the German standard currency must be in circulation." I will only quote from a few of them on Page 3 of that same translation. Here's one of 7 April 1934, Page 13, "What is the Situation regarding our battle for Equal Rights?" Another is entitled, "The Dictate of Versailles", 30 June 1934, page 15. The article reads in part:
"The dictate of Versailles established the political, economical, and financial destruction of Germany in 440 artfully--one could also say-devilishly devised paragraphs; this work of ignominy is a sample of endless and partly contradictory repetitions in constantly new forms. Not too many have occupied themselves with this thick book to a great extent, for one could only do it with abomination."
Another is 7 July 1934, Page 15, "The Unbearable Limitations on our Fleet." Another one: 19 January 1935, Page 13, "Versailles after 15 Years". This article reads in part:
"This terrible word 'Versailles', since a blind nation ratified it, has become a word of profanity for all those who are infatuated in the spirit of this enormous production of hatred. The Versailles dictate in German fate in the fullest sense of the word. Every German stood up under the operation of this fate during the past 15 years. Therefore, every last German must also grasp the contents of this dictate so that one single desire of its absolute destruction fills the whole German volk."
I'll omit the other quotation. The last one I'll refer to is "Versailles Will be Liquidated", 13 February 1937. I quote: If Your Honor please, this is the last paragraph on Page 4 of the English translation:
"The National Socialist Movement has again achieved a victory, for upon its flag since the beginning of the fight stands: The liquidation of the Versailles Treaty. For this fight the SA marched year after year." purportedly being carried on by other nations. I'll refer to just a few of them:
The issue of 26 January 1935, Page 14, "Military Training of English Youth", showing pictures of Eton students wearing traditional Eton dress -tall hats and frock coats -- marching with rifles.
Another one is "The Army of the Soviet Union", dated 16 March 1935, Page 9 Another one, 4 April 1936, "The Red Danger in the East."
Another one, 29 August 1936, Page 10, "Russia Prepares for World War."
Another one, 19 June 1937, "Red Terrorism Nailed Down". conspiracy--the preparation by SA of the youth of Germany for participation inaggressive warfare. I hardly think I need emphasize that one of the most important steps in carrying out the conspiracy was the training of the youth of Germany in the technique of war and their preparation physically and spiritually for the waging of aggressive war. To the SA was delegated this most important responsibility.
I have here Document No. USA Exhibit 426, which I offer in evidence, and it is an excerpt from "Das Archiv" and contains Hitler's characterization of the task of the SA in this respect. It is on Page 1 of the English translation of 3215-PS. I start the reading where it says, "Already in 1920--":
"Already in 1920 by the founding of the National Socialist Sports Troop (SA) the Fuehrer established the extensive mission of this SA at that time in which he declared in the protocol of its founding:
"'The Sports Troop is and shall be the bearer of the military thought of a free people.'
"In the same sense the Fuehrer said in his book, "Mein Kampf":
"'Give the German Nation six million perfectly trained bodies in sport, all fanatically inspired with the love for the Fatherland and trained to the highest offensive spirit and a National Socialist State will, if necessary, have created an Army out of them in less than two years.'" composition. I refer to the chart on the wall, which is our Document 2168, and it is taken from this book, the official book. I simply refer to the chart and call to the attention of Your Honor that it was organized into units closely corresponding to those of the German Army. As the Tribunal will see, the organizational scheme consisted of divisions. Down at the bottom in that pyramidal structure at the top, the division, next the brigade, the regiment, the battalion, the company, the platoon and the squad.
cavalry, signal corps, engineer corps, and medical corps. There were also, as Bayer points out in his pamphlet, three officer training schools. Similarly, SA members were distinctive uniforms adapted to military functions, bore arms, and engaged in training, forced marches, and other military exercises. which closely resembled service regulations of an armed force. They are contained in Document 2620-PS, USA Exhibit 427, which I offer in evidence. If your Honor please, they are found at Page 3 of the translation of 2820. I will simply refer to a few of them. These regulations provide for punishment, designating them as penal regulations, for disobedience of orders and infractions of regulations. The punishments which are provided demonstrate the militaristic character of the SA and include the following:
Reprimand in private; reprimand in presence of superiors and announcement thereof at formations; prohibition of right to wear the service uniform; house arrest; arrest and confinement in jail; demotion in rank; prohibition of right to carry weapon. in Germany as early as 1933, but the scope of this program was not made public because of the fact that it actually constituted a violation of the Treaty of Versailles. The strict secrecy with which the program was surrounded is shown in Document D-44, which is US Exhibit 428. I offer it in evidence. Command of the SA, Chief of Staff, and it has to do with publications on the SA:
"Further to my instruction Z II 1351/33 dated 11 July 33, I find cause to ask all SA authorities to exorcise the greatest caution with regard to any publicity given to the SA service not only in the press but also in the information and news sheets of the individual SA units.
"Only during the last few days, the Reich Ministry of the Interior, at the request of the Foreign Office, has given strict instructions to all Reich authorities according to which the most severe control is to be exercised on all publications which might give other countries an opening to construe German infringements of the terms of the Versailles Treaty.
"As is known from the Geneva negotiations, our opponents have piled up material collected in Germany and submitted to them, which they use against us on every occasion during the conferences.
"From this point of view, the information sheets circulating among the subordinate SA units cause the liveliest concern. I hold all higher SA leaders responsible that any such internal information sheets appearing in the district of their command are submitted to the most stringent control before they go into print, and I feel compelled to draw attention to the threat of a prosecution for treason pronounced by official instructions issued in the last few days in cases where such reports, printed no doubt in good faith, are publicized and therefore exposed to the danger of falling into the wrong hands.
"On principle, pictures of the technical specialized units of the SA and SS, in particular of the signals motorized and possibly also of the air wings which now exist outside these formations, are forbidden, such pictures enabling other countries to prove the alleged formation of technical troop units." Wehrmacht officer to the SA in January, 1934 to assist in the SA training program. This document, 2823-PS, US Exhibit 429, which is a copy of a memorandum of SA Headquarters dated 20 January 1934, designates an officer of the Wehrmacht to assist in the military training of SA members, and it goes on to provide, and I quote from paragraph 7 of the English translation of 2823:
"For the purpose of camouflage, Lt. Col. Auleb will wear SA uniform with insignia of rank according to more detailed regulations of the Supreme SA leaders."
conducted under the guise of the sports program. This plan was created by Hitler as early as 1920 by founding of what he called the Sports Program. The fact that the sc-called Sports Program was in reality closely associated with, and in fact a means of providing, military training for the German youth is shown by the following characterization of the program by Lutze, the Chief of Staff of SA, in an article written in 1939. I now refer to document 3215, US Exhibit 426, and I quote excerpts of the English translation on Page 2:
"This goal setting also served for the decrees of the Fuehrer to the SA of 1935 regarding the renewing of, in 1936 regarding the evaluation of, in 1937 regarding the yearly repetitive exorcises of the SA sport badge. Parallel to this decree of the Fuehrer for the physical betterment and military training the organizational and development missions within the SA were met. Out of the conception that the preservation and intensification of the military power of our people must especially be requested by military and physical exercises, the training was especially carried out systematically in these fields. In 25 schools of the troop and in three Reichsfuehrer schools of the SA yearly 22,000 to 25,000 officers and non-coms were trained since 1934 in special educational courses until they possessed the education and examination certificates. In clearly outlined training directives the training goals which had to be achieved yearly were given and at the same time the yearly Reich competitive contents were established. Hand in hand the training of the Fuehrer Corps corresponding organizational measures and the training at the front proceeded on the broadest basis." refer to Document 2354, US Exhibit it 430, which demonstrates the tests and standards required for obtaining the sports award, Document 2354, Page 2 of the English translation.
I am not going to read all of it, if your Honor please, but just refer to a few of them.
"Group II: Military sports; 25-kilometer march with pack; firing of small-caliber arms; aimed throwing of hand grenades, 200 meter cross-country race with gas masks over four obstacles; swimming or bicycle riding; basic knowledge of first aid in case of accidents." by Hitler as a military training program, and the SA was openly declared to be an agency for pre and post military training, that is, for military training prior to or following service in the Wehrmacht. I have Document 2383-PS.
THE PRESIDENT: Colonel Storey, you have just drawn our attention to a document, 3251-PS, which shows that from 1934 onwards, 25,000 officers and non-commissioned officers were trained by the SA.
COLONEL STOREY: Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Isn't that sufficient to show the military nature of the organization?
COLONEL STOREY: I think so. This was just the decree of Hitler. May I just refer to it by reference for the record? I will not read the decree.
THE PRESIDENT: Go on; what are you referring to?
COLONEL STOREY: Document 2383, Page 1 of the English translation contains a copy of the decree legalizing the training program for pre and post military training. program for its members, but the SA program was not confined to its members. The entire youth of Germany was enlisted into a feverish program of military training. book, which is at Page 2 of the English translation, in which the Chief of Staff Lutze said, and I quote Briefly:
"In order to give conscious expression to the fostering of a valiant spirit in all parts of the German people, I further decide that this SA Sport Insignia can also be earned and worn by persons who are not members of the movement, inasfar as they comply racially and ideologically with the National Socialist requirements."
wide program was lodged in the operational main office of the SA. Page 8 of the English translation says, and I quote:
"Prepare the fighting training of the bodies of all Germans capable of bearing arms and as a preparation therefor must organize the execution of corporal exercises and sports achievements, so that the widest stratum of the population is laid hold upon and will be kept in condition to bear arms both physically and spiritually, as well as ideologically in character up to greatest old age."
Document 3251, which is an excerpt from "Das, Archiv", and I refer to Page 2 to 3 of the English translation beginning at the bottom of Page 2, and I quote:
"Next to the companies of the SA were the sport badge associations in which all the militaristic nationals entered who were prepared to voluntarily answer the call of the SA for the preservation of military proficiency. Up until now around 800,000 nationals outside of the SA could successfully undergo the physical betterment as well as the political military training of the SA on the basis of the SA sport badge.
"As pronounced proof therefor it may be shown"--well, I will not read that portion. It embraced every phase of the technique of modern warfare. This is particularly demonstrated by consideration of the articles on military training which appeared publicly throughout the issues of the "SA-Mann." I should like to refer to only a few of the titles, and they are set out on Pages 8 and 10 of Document 3050. It is a great long list, and I will only refer to five or six.
There is one of them, 17 February 1934, Page 7, "Pistol Shooting." 21 April 1934, Page 13, "What every SA man must know about aviation." 19 May, 1934, Page 13, "Chemical Warfare." 2 June 1934, Page 14, "Modern Battle Methods in the View of the SA Man."
4 August 1934, Page 13, "The significance of tanks and motors in modern war."
Similarly, the issues of the "SA-Mann" contain many photographs and articles demonstrating and portraying SA participation in military exercise, including forced marching, battle maneuvers, obstacle runs, small caliber firing, and so on. I simply refer these to your Honors, and they are shown on Pages 11 to 13 of 3050. Just one or two titles:
24 August 1935, Page 2, "The SA is and remains the Shock Troop of the Third Reich." Here is one showing the connection with the Wehrmacht; 2 September, 1938, Page 1, "SA and the Wehrmacht", with pictures of SA men on field maneuvers throwing hand grenades. conspiracy is found in the fact that care was taken at all times to coordinate the military training program of the SA with the requirements of the Wehrmacht. This is shown by Document 2821-PS, US exhibit 431, Page 1 of the English translation, quoting:
"Permanent liaison between the Reich Defense Ministry and theSupreme Commander of the SA have been assured."
Another document, 3215, which is an excerpt from "Das Archiv", sets. forth the cooperation and collaboration with the Wehrmacht, and specialized military training, and it was stated in a speech of the Chief of Staff of the SA, Document 3215, Page 2 of the English translation, US Exhibit 426.
"In the course of this development also special missions for military betterment were placed on the SA. The Fuehrer gave the SA the cavalry and motor training and called SA Obergruppenfuehrer Litzmann as Reich Inspector with the mission to secure the cavalry recruits and requirements for the German Wehrmacht through the SA. In close cooperation with parts of the Wehrmach special certificates were created for the communication, engineer and medical units which, like the cavalry certificate of the SA, are valued as statement of preference for employment in said units." with the Wehrmacht, but I believe they would be cumulative, and I will omi them. the same thing. I will pass it. I will refer only to Document 2383-PS, Exhibit 429. I will read a portion of the decree:
"In amplification of my decree of 15 February, 1935, and of the 18th of March, 1937, regarding the acquisition of the SA sports insignia and the yearly repetitive exercises, I lift the SA sports insignia to SA military insignia and make it a basis for preimposed military training. I designate the SA as the standard bearer of this training." requirements of the technical branches of the Wehrmacht, is described in Document 2168 by SA Sturmfuehrer Bayer, US Exhibit 411, and it is Page 13 of the English translation:
"On one side the young SA man who enters the armed forces (Wehrmacht) facilitate and speed up training in technical respects; while on the other side those very soldiers, having served, who return out of the armed force:
"Thus they contribute a considerable portion to the enhancement of armed strength and armed spirit of the German people."
And then, skipping down: "The SA each year is able to furnish many thousands of young trained cavalrymen to our Wehrmacht."
I will omit the I simply call attention now to on issue of the "SA-Mann", dated Lutze addressing a group of his men.
This photograph bears the caption, "We will be the bridge between the Party and the Wehrmacht."
Now, I pass to Document 3214-PS, which is US Exhibit 432. There is only one page of it.
Quoting:
"It was announced that conscripted SA men and Hitler Youths can fulfil their military conscription in the SA Regiment "Feldherrnhalle', Commander, SA Gruppenfuehrer Reimann."
THE PRESIDENT: Up to now you have brought evidence to our notice showing that the SA was voluntary.
This shows it was conscription. When did it become conscription?
COLONEL STOREY: As I understand, your Honor, if you joined the SA as desired.
In other words, the SA was a voluntary organization.
THE PRESIDENT: That is the evidence you have given up to date.
COLONEL STOREY. Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, when did it become liable to conscription or a substitute for conscription?
COLONEL STOREY: May I ask Mr. Burdell to answer that question, who is been working on that?
MR. BURDELL: If your Honor please, there never was conscription in the SA.
As this document shows, Document 3214, service in the Feldherrn halle Regiment of the SA took the place of conscription.
This first sentence in Document 3214, which reads, "It was announced that conscripted
SA Regiment 'Feldherrnhalle'", means, as I understand it, that SA men who or serves the function of conscription in the Wehrmacht.
I hope that answers your Honor's question.
COLONEL STOREY: In view of the above we would expect the SA to have been used as a striking force in the first steps of the aggressive warfare launched by Germany and as a basis for so-called Commando Groups, and such was the case. SA units were among the first of the Nazi military machine to invade Austria in the Spring of 1938, as was proudly announced in an article appearing in the "SA-Mann", of 19 March, 1938, page 10, the article entitled "We were there first." shown by Document 3036, USA Exhibit 102, and that is an affidavit by Gottleb Berger, a former office holder in the SS, who was assigned to the Sudeten-German Free Corps. I quote paragraphs 1 and 2 of the affidavit.
"1. In the Fall of 1938 I held the rank and title of Oberfuehrer in the SS. In mid-September I was assigned as SS Liaison Officer with Konrad Henlein's Sudeten German Free Corps at their headquarters in the castle at Dondort outside Bayreuth. In this position I was responsible for all liaison between the Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler and Henlein" your Honors will recall Henlein was the leader in the Sudetenland "and in particular, I was delegated to select from the Sudeten Germans those who appeared to be eligible for membership in the SS or VT (Verfueguns Truppe). In addition to myself, Liaison Officers stationed with Henlein included an Obergruppenfuehrer from the NSKK whose name I have forgotten, the Obergruppenfuehrer Max Juettner, from the SA. In addition, Admiral Canaris, who was head of the OKW Abwehr, appeared at Dondorf nearly every two days and conferred with Henlein". organization.
"2. In the course of my official duties at Henlein's Headquarters I became familiar with the composition and activities of the Free Corps. Three groups were being formed under Henlein's direction: One in the Eisonstein area, Bavaria, one in the Bayreuth area; one in the Dresden area, and possibly a fourth group in Silesia. These groups were supposedly composed of refugees from the Sudetenland who had crossed the border into Germany, but they, actually contained Germans with previous service in the SA and NSKK (Nazi Motor Corps) as well.