8th of September 1934, page 12. The article is entitled, "Nightly Street Battle on the Czech Border."
6th of October 1934, page 5: "Street Battle in Chemnitz."
THE PRESIDENT: In where?
COL. STOREY: C-H-E-M-N-I-T-Z -- Chemnitz.
Another one of 20 October 1934, page 7. The title: "Victorious SA."
I will skip several of them. Here is one of 26 January 1935, page 5. The title: "The SA Conquers Rastenburg -- R-A-S-T-E-N-B-U-R-G.
Another on 23 February 1935: "Company 88 Receives its Baptism of Fire."
One of 20 October 1934, page 7. The article is "SA against Sub-Humanity."
Finally, I mention the one of 10 august 1935, page 10. The title is, "The Blood Sunday of Berlin." which symbolizes the SA Man as the "Master of the Streets." Franken Edition of the SA-Mann for 30 October 1937, page three. It is entitled, "9 November 1923 in Nurnberg," and I should like to quote from pages fourteen and fifteen of Document 3050-PS, which is an English translation of this article.
"We stayed overnight in the Coloseum (that means Nurnberg). Then in the morning we found out what had happened in Munich. 'Now a revolution will also be made in Nurnberg', we said. All of a sudden the Police came from the Maxtor Guard and told us that we should go home, that the Putch in Munich failed. We did not believe that and we did not go home. Then came the State Police with fixed bayonets and drove us out of the hall. One of us then shouted "Let's go to the Cafe Habsburg!" By the time we arrived, however, the Police again had everything surrounded. Some shouted then: "The Jewish place will be stormed... Out with the Jewish. Then the Police started to beat us up. Then we divided into small groups and roamed through town and wherever we caught a Red or a Jew we knew, a fist fight ensued.
"Then in the evening we marched, although the Police had forbidden it, to a meeting in Furth. During the promenade again the police attempted to stop us. It was all the same to us. Already in the next moment we attacked the police in our anger so that they were forced, to flee.
We marched on to the Geissmann Hall. There again they tried to stop us. But the Landstrum, which was also there, attacked the protection forces like persons possessed, and drove them from the streets. After the meeting we dissolved and went to the edge of town. From there we marched in close column back to Nurnberg. In the Will Street near the Plaerrer the Police came again. We simply shoved them aside. They did not trust themselves to attack, for what would a blood bath have meant? We decided beforehand not to take anything from anyone. Also in Furth they had already noticed that we were up to no good. A large mass of people accompanied us on the march. We marched with unrolled flags and sang so that the streets resounded: Comrade reach me your hand; we want to stand together, even though they have false impressions, the spirit must not die, Swastika on the steel helmet, black-white-red armband, we are known as Storm Troop (SA) Hitler!"
the Party. The third function of the SA was to carry out various by force and brutality wherever necessary.
An example of this is shown in document No. 3221-PS, US Exhibit No. 442, and that is an States of America, by William F. Sollman, which we now quote in its "William F. Sollman, Pendle Hill School, Wallingford, German Reichstag.
Prior to March 11th, 1933, I was the Editor in which led the fight against the Nazi Party.
On March 9th, 1933, the furniture and my personal records.
At that time I was taken to kicked for several hours.
I was then taken to the regular Government released the next day.
On March 11th, 1933, I left Germany."
Nazi Party. This activity is described in document No. 1759-PS,
US Exhibit No. 420, which is an original affidavit by Raymond H. Geist (G-e-i-s-t). Mr. Geist was formerly United States Consul in Berlin.
He is now in Mexico City. I should like to quote from a portion of translation, about the middle of the page, starting:
"At the beginning of the Hitler regime, the only organization which had meeting places throughout the country was the SA (Storm Troopers). Until the Gestapo could be organized on a national points.
There were at least fifty of these in Berlin. Communists, were immediately transferred to the Gestapo headquarters.
During Gestapo.
By the end of 1934 the SA had been fairly well eliminated functionaries with the Gestapo."
the English translation. It begins-
THE PRESIDENT: Colonel Storey, does that mean that the SA were eliminated for the purpose of arrest or for other purposes too?
COLONEL STOREY: No, sir. As I understand, sir, the SA Roehm purge began to decline.
In the meantime, the SS, which part and grew and prospered after that.
So I think the evidence will quote a part of the Consul's report, beginning in the middle of the page.
Another American, Herman I. Rosemar, made an affidavit which stated:
"Yesterday, March 10th, 1933, in the afternoon about 4.30, residing in Wilmersdorf (giving the address). A man in S.A. uniform stepped on my toe purposely, obviously offended me and said "Pardon."
I said "bitte", and walked ahead. He followed me and kicked me saying:
"Na und?" A policeman saw this and walked ahead, paying no attention to attacks made on me.
Then I took my passport out protection, or at least being unwilling.
The S.A. man continued to attack bodily harm.
During this attack, all the time my walking along, we reach ed another policeman, and I applied to him, showing my passport and said:
"I am an American and am entitled to protection." He shrugged his shoulder and said "What can I do?"
By this time the S.A. man had obviously in house at 13 Bayreither Strasse.
My fiancee and I reported to the officer in charge.
He heard the story and said that he was sorry, but that there was nothing to do.
My face was bleeding. The policeman said that he had had orders not to interfere in any affair in which an S.A. man took part.
I then asked him what I could do to protect myself. He said that there was nothing to do but wait until the situation was better.
He added the S.A., and that there were S.A. Sturm-Abteilung in the police itself.
Thereupon I departed..."
"On the night of Friday, March 10, 1933, she and her husband had their apartment bell.
They heard pounding upon the street door and a The street door was opened by the janitor's wife, and a party of four or they again rang and pounded on the door.
Mr Klauber asked who was there, and was answered - "The police". He opened the door and a party of ing a rifle, pushed in jostling Mr. and Mrs.
Klauber aside. One asked Mrs.
Klauber where the telephone was and she indicated the room where it was to be found, and started to go there.
Thereupon, she was knocked down by one of them.
They went on to the bedroom where Mr. Mrs. Klauber followed them, and there they demanded their passports.
Mr. Klauber went whether he was carrying any weapons.
Being clothed only in pyjamas, his denial was accompanied by a gesture indicating his garb.
He then turned police clubs, the one with the overcoat and rifle standing by.
Remarks were shouted such as "Look.
Four suits, while for fourteen years we have been starving."
Mrs Klauber tried to inquire the reason for their action and was answered - "Jews.
We hate you. For fourteen years we have been waiting for this, and tonight we'll hang many of you".When the intruders stopped beating Mr. Klauber he was unconcious, and they demanded the passports again of Mrs.
Klauber. Mrs Klauber found her American passport and her German passport (required by local authority her arrival here), and the intruders took both in spite of Mrs.
Klauber's protests that she was American.
She then searched for her husband's pass them.
Though full of money they refused it, and again demanded the pass port.
Mrs. Klauber then found it and handed it over.
Then the intruders returned to the unconcious Mr. Klauber, saying "He hasn't had enough yet," and beat him further.
Then they left, saying "We are not yet finished," and just as they departed, one of them said to Mrs, Klauber "Why did you marry a Jew?
I hate them" and struck her on the jaw with his police club.
.."
That is the end of the affidavit. Now continuing, the next paragraph interfere; that is that there was official sanction for these activities.
Affidavits taken from numerous victims attest this fact. I had become received definite instructions not to interfere with the S.A., *---* S.S.mistreatment of persons employed therein.
I now refer to document 2824-PS, which is a book entitled, "Concentration Camp at Oranienburg?
."
It is U.S. Exhibit 423. This was by an SA Sturnbannfuehrer named I quote the excerpt on the first page of the English translation readings:
"The most trusted, boldest SA men were selected in order to give them prepared to be employed."
with the SA is found in Document 778-PS, U.S. Exhinit 421. This is a nolle-pressing of one "Vogel, who was accused of mistreatment of persons employed in the concentration camp.
I quote from that report, beginning Erich Vogel in Dresden on account of bodily injury while in office.
The following subject matter is the basis of the process: its foundation and is chief of Main section II, which formerly bore the title ZUB. In the process of combatting efforts inimical to the State Vogel carried out several so called borderland actions in the year 1933 in which a large number of politically unreliable persons and persons who had become political prisoners in the border territories were taken into protective custody and brought to the Hohnstein protective custody camp. In the camp serious mistreatment of the prisoners has been going on at least since summer of 1933. The prisoners were not only, as in protective custody camp Bredow near Stettin, beatin into a state of unconsciousness for no reason, with whips and other tools, but were also tortured in other ways, as for instance with a drip-apparatus especially constructed for the purpose, under which the prisoners had to stand so long that they came away with serious purulent wounds of the scalp. The guilty SA-leaders and SA-men were sentenced to punishments of 6 years to 9 months of imprisonment by the main criminal court of the provincial court in Dresden of 15 May 1935. Vogel, whose duties frequently brought him to the camp, took part in this mistreatment, insofar as it happened in the reception room of the camp during completion of the reception formalities, and in the supply room, during issuing of the blankets. In this respect it should be pointed out that Vogel was generally known to the personnel of the camp - exactly because of his function as head of the ZUB - and his conduct became at least partly a standard for the abovenamed conduct of the SA leaders and men.
I want to read the remainder of that question. I am sorry, I don't have it here. That is a little portion there that should be read immediately following my statement, and then I started - I will skip to the quotation just below there.
"Vogel stayed in the reception room a long time and watched these proceedings without doing anything about them. In his prescence for instance, the SA-man Mutze dealt such blows to one man, without provocation, that he turned around on himself.
As already stated, Vogel not only took no steps against this treatment of the prisoners, but he even made jokes about it and stated that it amused him the way things were popping here. the general severe mistreatment. The SA man there employed whips and other articles and beat the prisoners in such a manner that serious injuries were produced, the prisoners partly became unconscious and had to lie in the dispensary a long time. Vogel was often present in the supply room during the mistreatment. At least in the following cases he personally laid violent hands upon prisoners. And then skipping down: fast by the head and arms, and then beaten for a considerable time by the SA men with whips and other articles. Along with this Vogel himself took part in the beating for a time, and after this mistreatment slapped him again, so that the prisoner appeared green abd blue in the face. The prisoner is the tinsmith Hans Kuhitz, who bore the nickname Johnny. Upon his departure, Vogel gave the head of the supply room, Truppenfuhrer Meier from 5 to 6 reichsmarks with the stated reason that the SA men "had sweated so". The money was then distributed by Meier to those SA comrades who had taken part in the mistreatment.
seizure of power was to act as auxiliary police. This is shown in Document 3252-PS, U. S. Exhibit 424. This publication is a book written by Herman Geering.
THE PRESIDENT: Colonel Storey, is that a document which shows on its face that the man was punished for this conduct?
COLONEL STOREY: I think it does; yes, sir. I think it does.
THE PRESIDENT: I think that fact ought to be stated.
COLONEL STOREY: I believe it is stated, sir. You see, in the beginning it says that the prosecuting authority in Dresden had indicted Vogel on account of bodily injury, and I thought it stated that he had been punished.
THE PRESIDENT: The document does appear to state it, but I think you ought to tell it in court. The document ends up with -- paragraph three -
COLONEL STOREY: It does state that he was punished. The purpose of introducing it was to show what actually took place.
I now turn to Document 3252-PS. As I have just mentioned, the book is entitled, "Hermann Goering, the Man and His Work" by Erich Gritzbach, in which it is declared that the ranks of the Security Police were strengthened by the SA, and which was characterized as the most reliable instrument of the movement. I should like to quote on the first page of Document 3252, the English translation, -- it is the fourth paragraph:
"The present reorganization of the Security Police is hardly noticed by the public. Their ranks are strengthened by the SA, the most reliable instrument of the movement. The Auxiliary Police has given effective aid by their fighting spirit in the struggle against the Communists and other enemies of the State, not only to Goering, but has, driven by their national socialist desire for a new spirit within the executive police, assisted in their rigid organization. November 1938, shown by Document 1721-PS, USA Exhibit 425. This is a confidential report of the SA Brigade Fuehrer to his Group Commander, dated 29 November 1938, on the English translation, starting at the beginning.
Without reading the addresses, it is to SA Group Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz) Mannheim.
The following order reached me at 3 o'clock on 10 November 1938.
"On the order of the Gruppenfuehrer, all the Jewish synagogues immediately."
"Neighboring houses occupied by Aryans are not to be damaged.
The action is to be carried out in civilian clothes. Rioting and plundering are to be prevented.
Report of execution of orders to reach Brigade Fuehrer or office by 8:30."
exact instructions; the execution of the order began at once.
I hereby report that the following were destroyed in the area of: I just refer to a few of them:
In Standarte 186 the first synagogue in Beerfelden was blown up, and then follow several others where the furnishings were wrecked. In Standarte 221 the first synagogue and Chapel in Gross Cerau was destroyed by fire, and the next one torn down and the furnishings destroyed; and then it is signed by the Fuehrer of Brigade 50, by a signature which is illegible, "Brigade Fuehrer." SA performing its function of propaganda agency for the Nazis. In this connection it was the function of SA to create and foster among the Jewish people an anti-Jewish spirit and sentiment without which the terrifying crimes against humanity perpetrated against the Jewish race certainly would not have been tolerated by any civilized peoples. Substantial and convincing evidence of this function is to be found in these bound volumes of "Der SA-Mann." Throughout the period covered by these volumes there appeared in this publication article after article consisting of the most cruel and vicious sort of anti-religious propaganda designed to engender and foster hatred and hostility toward the Jewish race.
I will simply refer to a few of the titles appearing. On 27 July 1935, at page 4, the title is "Finish up with the Jew." That is shown, if your Honor please, in Document 3050, pages 16 to 18 there listed. In the issue of 2 February 1935, page 5, the title is "The Jewish World Danger"; on 20 July 1935, page 4, "Jewish Worries"; "One Jew"; in 1935, page 1, "Jews Are Not Wanted Here"; and then follows a statement: "Then, also, outside of the last German the sign will stand Jews Are Not Wanted Here; and then, finally, no German citizen will again cross the threshold of a Jewish door. To achieve this goal is the mission of the SA man as the political soldier of the Fuehrer. Next to his word and his explanations stands his example."
Then on 17 August 1935, page 1, "God Save the Jew." Under 5 October, 1935, page 6, the title "The Face of the Jew" with a portrait of a Jew holding the hammer and sickle.
I will just refer to one or two more of them. Here is one on 23 November 1935, page 2. The title "The Camouflaged Benjamin - Jewish Cultural Bolshevism in German music."
the title being "Rumania to the Jews." the title being "Friends of the World Jewry - Roosevelt and Ickes." not intended that the philosophies expressed in them should be confined to members of SA; on the contrary, the plan was to educate the members of the SA with this iniquitous philosophy and for the SA in turn, to be employed for its dissemination into the minds of the German people. This fact is demonstrated in the introduction to a series of anti-Jewish articles in the paper of 5 December, 1936, at page 6. I will just read the title. It is found on page 28 of the same document and the title is as follows: "Grave Diggers of World Culture." Also on that same page, 28, I quote this statement:
"We suggest that the comrades especially take notice of this series of articles and see that they are further circulated." public to purchase and read "Der SA-Mann" and the various issues were posted in public places so that the general public might read them. "Der SA-Mann" itself contained several photographs which show particular issues posted upon street bulletin boards; and there are several photographs showing the advertising displays, one of which, for example, reads as follows -- this is in the issue of 31 October 1936: "Der SA-Mann belongs in every house, every hotel, every inn, every waiting room, and every store." Also in the issue of 24 August 1935, at page 3, there was a group picture of SA men on trucks and in front of the trucks were large signs, one of which read: "Read the Stuhrmer and you will know the Jew." On the same page there is a photograph of what appears to be a public rally, at which there is displayed a large poster which reads: "He who knows the Jew, knows the Devil."
THE PRESIDENT: Colonel Storey, the Tribunal expressed its view yesterday that they did not desire to hear cumulative evidence. Isn't this rather cumulative?
COL. STOREY: I agree with your Honor that possibly it is. I am trying to draw the line on it. I will omit the rest of them. the conspiracy.
THE PRESIDENT: Perhaps we had better adjourn now for ten minutes.
(A recess was taken from 1112 to 1130 hours).
COL. STOREY: If your Honor please, I have just started into the function of the SA in the conspiracy, that of its participation in the program for preparation for Warfare. the arresting and police activities of the SA, and I mentioned that they had declined after 1934. For fear there was some misapprehension, I would like to state that as a police organization and as an arresting agency, they declined steadily after 1934. the next phase, and that is the phase with which I deal now. If your Honor please, I have here an official government publication issued by the British government in 1943, the title being, "The Nazi Party and Organizations, and I should like to quote as to the organization and membership of the SA from that publication. It is the most authoritative that I have been able to find, and I would like to quote briefly from it:
"The SA were founded in 1921 as a para-military organization to protect Nazi meetings and leaders, to throw out interrupters and hecklers, to fight political enemies --"
THE PRESIDENT: Did you say 1941?
COL. STOREY: 1921. This is just a brief description of when they were organized and their membership.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
COL. STOREY: to fight political enemies and to provide pre-military training at a time when the legal Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. Their highest leader is Hitler himself, his deputy is the Stabschef (Chief of Staff der SA, from 1930 till June 1934, Roehm; from then onwards till his death in May 1943, Victor Lutze; since August 1943, Wilhelm Schepmann). In January 1933 the SA had only 300,000 members. After the seizure of power, its strength increased quickly; at present it has a membership of 1,500,000 to 2,000,000." Now, the date of this is 1943. the minds of the people of Germany. At this point it was the function of SA to prepare Germany -- mentally for the waging of a vicious and aggressive war.
SA leaders emphasized to SA members the duty and responsibility of creating and festering a militaristic spirit throughout Germany. In 1933 Hitler established the so-called SA sports program, and at that time, according to Sturmfuehrer Payer in his pamphlet "The SA", which I have previously introduced in evidence as Document 2168-PS, the SA at that time was "commiossioned to obtain an increase of and preservation of a warlike power and a warlike spirit as the expression of an aggressive attitude." in Document 3050-PS, which is the English translation of these newspaper articles, on page 12, he had a statement: "for the fostering of a military spirit."
The Organization Book of the Party is to the same effect. Document 3000-PS, which is USA Exhibit 323. I quote from a portion of that document -paragraphs one to three on page one of the English translation, beginning at the first paragraph:
"while the political organization of the NSDAP has carried out the political leadership, the SA is the training and education instrument of the Party for the realization of the world-philosophical soldier-like attitude.
"In conformity with the directives of the Fuehrer at the time of the Reich Party Meeting of Freedom, the SA is as the voluntary political soldiery, the guarantor of the National Socialist Movement, of the National Socialist Revolution and of the resurgence of the German people.
"Consequently, the young German in the SA is being inculcated in the first instance from the standpoint of world philosophy and character, and trained as the bearer of National Socialist armed will.
"Equally significant is a suitable education and training which the SA has accomplished within the yearly classes, and which have satisfied their arms obligation. This prevails until the age they, in all their spiritual, mental and Physical powers, are ready for use in maintaining the Movement, the People and State. They should find their best home in the SA. All that which could divide them economically, culturally, professionally or because of origin is being overcome in the SA by the spirit of comradeship and manly dignity.
"In that manner the SA is building a decisive factor on the path to a popular community Its spirit should radiate with soldierly tradition and possibility of application on all existing units outside of the movement. Their guardianship is thus an important mission of the SA." as war propaganda material have been translated; in other cases it has been deemed sufficient to translate merely the titles of articles, the titles in themselves being so descriptive that they disclose the nature and substance of the articles.
I should like to refer to a few of these titles on this subject. They are shown on the English translation of 3050, and they are listed on Page 1. the issue of 5 January 1935, page 13, the article "The German Living Space." The issue of 10 October 1936, page 15, "Our Right, Our Colonies." Another, of 14 October 1938, page 3, "Space and Folk." "Colonies for Germany", 2 January 1937, page 4. I should like to quote briefly from that article. I believe that it is on Page 1 of the English translation, 3050:
"The German Ambassador in London, Herr von Ribbentrop, recently, on occasion of a reception in the Anglo-German Fellowship has renewed, in a speech which aroused great interest, the unretractable claim of Germany for the restitution of its colonies which had been snatched away.
"Shortly thereafter the Reichsbank president and Reich Minister of Economics, Dr. Schacht, published in the English magazine, 'Foreign Affairs' a detailed article on the German colonial problem."
"For the rest Dr. Schacht laid out the categorical demand that Germany must, in order to solve its raw materials problem, get colonies, which must be administered by Germany, and in which the German standard currency must be in circulation." I will only quote from a few of them on Page 3 of that same translation. Here's one of 7 April 1934, Page 13, "What is the Situation regarding our battle for Equal Rights?" Another is entitled, "The Dictate of Versailles", 30 June 1934, page 15. The article reads in part:
"The dictate of Versailles established the political, economical, and financial destruction of Germany in 440 artfully--one could also say-devilishly devised paragraphs; this work of ignominy is a sample of endless and partly contradictory repetitions in constantly new forms. Not too many have occupied themselves with this thick book to a great extent, for one could only do it with abomination."
Another is 7 July 1934, Page 15, "The Unbearable Limitations on our Fleet." Another one: 19 January 1935, Page 13, "Versailles after 15 Years". This article reads in part:
"This terrible word 'Versailles', since a blind nation ratified it, has become a word of profanity for all those who are infatuated in the spirit of this enormous production of hatred. The Versailles dictate in German fate in the fullest sense of the word. Every German stood up under the operation of this fate during the past 15 years. Therefore, every last German must also grasp the contents of this dictate so that one single desire of its absolute destruction fills the whole German volk."
I'll omit the other quotation. The last one I'll refer to is "Versailles Will be Liquidated", 13 February 1937. I quote: If Your Honor please, this is the last paragraph on Page 4 of the English translation:
"The National Socialist Movement has again achieved a victory, for upon its flag since the beginning of the fight stands: The liquidation of the Versailles Treaty. For this fight the SA marched year after year." purportedly being carried on by other nations. I'll refer to just a few of them:
The issue of 26 January 1935, Page 14, "Military Training of English Youth", showing pictures of Eton students wearing traditional Eton dress -tall hats and frock coats -- marching with rifles.
Another one is "The Army of the Soviet Union", dated 16 March 1935, Page 9 Another one, 4 April 1936, "The Red Danger in the East."
Another one, 29 August 1936, Page 10, "Russia Prepares for World War."
Another one, 19 June 1937, "Red Terrorism Nailed Down". conspiracy--the preparation by SA of the youth of Germany for participation inaggressive warfare. I hardly think I need emphasize that one of the most important steps in carrying out the conspiracy was the training of the youth of Germany in the technique of war and their preparation physically and spiritually for the waging of aggressive war. To the SA was delegated this most important responsibility.
I have here Document No. USA Exhibit 426, which I offer in evidence, and it is an excerpt from "Das Archiv" and contains Hitler's characterization of the task of the SA in this respect. It is on Page 1 of the English translation of 3215-PS. I start the reading where it says, "Already in 1920--":
"Already in 1920 by the founding of the National Socialist Sports Troop (SA) the Fuehrer established the extensive mission of this SA at that time in which he declared in the protocol of its founding:
"'The Sports Troop is and shall be the bearer of the military thought of a free people.'
"In the same sense the Fuehrer said in his book, "Mein Kampf":
"'Give the German Nation six million perfectly trained bodies in sport, all fanatically inspired with the love for the Fatherland and trained to the highest offensive spirit and a National Socialist State will, if necessary, have created an Army out of them in less than two years.'" composition. I refer to the chart on the wall, which is our Document 2168, and it is taken from this book, the official book. I simply refer to the chart and call to the attention of Your Honor that it was organized into units closely corresponding to those of the German Army. As the Tribunal will see, the organizational scheme consisted of divisions. Down at the bottom in that pyramidal structure at the top, the division, next the brigade, the regiment, the battalion, the company, the platoon and the squad.