The decree relative labor the execution of this measure.
Enlistment must be completed by 30 Sept.
43 at the latest." in the deportation of civilians from the occupied Eastern territories. The Defendant Speer has recorded conferences with Hitler on 10, 11 and 12 August 1942 and this record is contained in Document R-124, which is already in as U.S.A. Exhibit 179. I now wish to quote from Page 34, of that same document in paragraph 1 of the English text. In the German text it appears at Page 23, paragraph 2. Quoting directly:
"Gauleiter Sauckel promises to make Russian labor available and including Oct.
1942. So far, he has already supplied providing labor can be solved in all cases and to any extent;"He would agree to any necessary compulsion in the East as well voluntary basis."
the Nazi conspirators made terror, and violence and arson, as we said yesterday, fundamental instruments of their labor enslavement policy. Twenty days after the Defendant Sauckel's demands of the 5th of October, 1942, a top official in the Defendant Rosenberg's Ministry described the measures taken to meet these demands. I wish to refer now to document No. 294-PS, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 185. This document is a top secret memorandum dated the 25th of October, 1942, signed by one Braeutigam. I wish to quote from page 4 of the English text starting with the last paragraph, as follows.
In the German text it appears at page 8, paragraph 2. Quoting directly:
"We now experienced the grotesque picture of having to recruit order to fill the gaps that have formed within Germany.
Now the food question no longer existed.
In the prevailing limitless abuse of the Slavic humanity "recruiting" methods periods of the slave trade.
A regular manhunt was inaugurated.
other incapabilities for work." instigator of them, the Defendant Sauckel, and we refer now to document No. 018-PS, which bears U.S.A. Exhibit No. 186.
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Dodd, from where did that top secret document come?
MR. DODD: It came from the files of the Defendant Rosenberg. Defendant Sauckel, and it is dated the 21st day of December 1942, with attachments. I wish to quote from page 1 of the English text starting at the middle of the second paragraph which reads as follows:
"The report I have received show, that the increase of the guerilla bands."
Rosenberg's letter consisting of parts excerpted from letters of residents of the occupied Eastern territories, excerpted by Nazi censors apparently. In the German text it appears at page 6, paragraphs 1 and 2. Starting the quotation:
"At our place, new things have happened. People are being taken to Germany.
On Dec. 5, some people from the Kowkuski district were scheduled to go, but they didn't want to and the village was set afire.
They threatened to do the same thing houses.
In Wrasnytschi 12 houses and in Borowytschi 3 houses "On Oct.
1 a new conscription of labor forces took place. From You can not imagine the bestiality.
You probably remember what incredible.
The order came to supply 25 workers, but no one reported.
All had fled. Then the German militia came and began to ignite the houses of those who had fled.
The fire became very violent, since it had not rained for 2 months.
In addition the grain stacks were in the farm yards.
You can imagine what took place.
The people who had hurried to the scene were that 7 homesteads burned down.
The policemen meanwhile ignited other houses.
The people fall on their knees and kiss and threaten to burn down the whole village.
I don't know how this would have ended if I Sapurkany had not intervened.
He the laborers, and brought them under arrest.
Wherever they the children appeared.
That is how they raged throughout the night in Bielosirka.
The workers which had not yet appeared till then, were to be shot.
All schools were closed married ones go to work in Germany.
They are now catching humans like the dog-catchers used to catch dogs.
They are al ready hunting for one week and have not yet enough.
The imprisoned workers are locked in at the school house.
They cannot like pigs in the same room.
People from many villages went on a certain day to a pilgrimage to the monastery Potschaew.
They were all arrested, locked in, and will be sent to work.
Among them there are lame, blind and aged people".for the "unusual and hard measures" that were employed.
I refer to Defendant Rosenberg on the 6th of October 1945, which is U.S.A. Exhibit THE PRESIDENT:
You haven't given us the PS number.
MR DODD: It has no PS number.
THE PRESIDENT: I beg your pardon. Has a copy of it been given to Rosenberg's Counsel?
MR DODD: Yes, it has been. It is at the end of the document book,
THE PRESIDENT: I see.
DR. ALFRED THOMA (Counsel for Defendant Rosenberg): I am Mr. Thoma.
I represent Rosenberg. I am objecting to the reading of this document, and for the following reasons:
The Defendant was asked about it in the Plan; and he acted accordingly with authority.
But on top of that, he wanted voluntary actions, and these were carried through.
Sauckel agreed in case the quotas were met.
Rosenberg further declared that his ministry, about these lowerings of the quotas.
The document, which is to be present Prosecution to show the whole document; and before this document is
THE PRESIDENT: I am not sure that I understand your objection. You say, as I understood it, that Sauckel had authority from Hitler; is that right?
DR. THOMA: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: And that Rosenberg was carrying out that authority.
DR. THOMA: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: But all that Counsel for the Prosecution is attempt
DR. THOMA: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we don't know yet whether he intends to put in
DR. THOM: I know only this one thing: I have the document, which the fragments of the whole interrogation minutes are contained therein:
and it does not say anything about Rosenberg's always insisting that only volunteers He demanded the lowering.
But this is not shown in the document that is to
THE PRESIDENT: If Counsel for the Prosecution reads a part of the at liberty to do so, when he has read his part of the interrogation; is that clear?
DR. THOMA: Yes. Then I please ask the Tribunal to ask Counsel for
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Dodd, were you going to put in the whole of Rosenberg's interrogation?
MR. DODD: No, Your Honor, I was not prepared to put in the whole of Rosenberg's interrogation, but only certain parts of it.
These parts are available, and have been for sometime, to Counsel.
The whole of the Rosenberg interrogation, in English, was given to Sauckel's Counsel, how
THE PRESIDENT: Has Counsel for Rosenberg not got the entire document?
MR. DODD: He only has the excerpt that we propose to read into the
DR. THOMA: May I please speak?
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Dodd, the Tribunal considers that if you propose to put in a part of the interrogation, the whole interrogation ought to be submitted to the Defendants' Counsel, that then you may read what part you like of the interrogation, and then Defendants' Counsel may refer to any other part of the interrogation directly, if it is necessary for the purpose of explaining the part which has been read by Counsel for the Prosecution. So before you use this interrogation, Rosenberg's counsel must have a copy of the whole interrogation.
MR. DODD: I might say, Your Honor, that we turned over the whole interrogation to counsel for the Defendant Sauckel, and we understood that he would make it available to all other Defense Counsellors. Apparently, that didn't happen.
DR. THOMA: Blank you, My Lord.
DR. SERVATIUS: Last night I received from the prosecution these documents in English. That, of course, is efficient for me, but Counsel for the other defendants are not in position to follow the English text, so that certain difficulties have arisen, and I have to have the time to interpret these matters for my colleagues, or perhaps the prosecution could give us the German text, for the interrogation took place in German, was translated into English, so that the original German text should be at hand. translation as soon as possible.
MR. DODD. With reference to the so-called German text, the original is in English text. These interrogations were made through an interpreter and they were transcribed in English so that the original text is an English text, and that is what was turned over to the Attorney for the Defendant Sauckel with the understanding that it would be made available to all other counsellors.
THE PRESIDENT: But of course that doesn't quite meet their difficulties because they don't all of them speak English, or are not all able to read English, so I am afraid you must wait until Rosenberg's counsel has got a copy of the entire interrogation in his own language.
MR. DODD: Very well. and which we now withdraw in view of the ruling, which we will offer at a later date after we have complied with the ruling of the Court, we have a letter dated the 21st clay of December 1942, which is Document 018 PS, and which bears USA Exhibit No. 186 -- which, by the way, is a letter from the Defendant Rosenberg to the Defendant Sauckel -- and I wish to quote from page 1, paragraph 3 of the English text. In the German text it appears at page 4, paragraph 1. Quoting directly:
"Even if I do not close my eyes to the necessity that the numbers demanded by the Reichs Minister for weapons and ammunition as well as by the agricultural economy justify unusual and hard measures, I have to ask, due to the responsibility for the occupied Eastern Territories which lies upon me, that in the accomplishment of the ordered tasks such measures be excluded, the toleration and prosecution of which will some day be held against me, and my collaborators." to enforce these conscription measures, and we refer now to Document No.254 PS, which is USA Exhibit No. 188. This document is from an official of the Rosenberg Ministry and was also found in the Rosenberg file. It is dated June 29, 1943 and encloses a copy of a letter from one Paul Raab, a district commissioner in the territory of Wassikow, to the Defendant Rosenberg. I wish to quote from Raab's letter, page 1, starting with paragraph 1 of the English text which reads as follows:
"According to a charge by the supreme command of the armed forces" -
THE PRESIDENT (interposing): Mr. Dodd, I thought you said the date of it was the 29th of June 1943.
MR. DODD: Yes, I did, Your Honor. That was the date on the document.
THE PRESIDENT: The document I have appears to have the original document as June 29, 1945, and the date below is 7/5/44.
MR. DODD: We'll get the original document I'm sorry, Your Honor.
There are two errors here. The document is dated the 29th of June, 1944.
THE PRESIDENT: '44?
MR. DODD: '44.
THE PRESIDENT: I see. And the enclosure is 7/6/44?
MR. DODD: Yes.
"According to a charge by the supreme command of the armed forces that I burned down a few houses in the territory of Wassikow, Ukraine, belonging to insubordinate people ordered for work-duty. This accusation is true."
Passing now to the third paragraph:
"During the year of 1942, the conscription of workers was accomplished by way of propaganda. Only very rarely was force necessary. Only in August 1942, measures had to be taken against two families in the villages Glewenka and Salisny-Chutter, each of which were to supply one person for labor. Both were requested in June for the first time, but didn't obey although requested repeatedly. They had to be brought up by force, but succeeded twice to escape from the collecting camp, or when being on transport. Before the second arrest, the fathers of both of the men were taken into custody, to be kept as hostages and to be released only when their sons would show up. When, after the second escape, rearrest of both the fathers and boys was ordered, the police patrols ordered to do so, found the houses to be empty."
Passing to paragraph 4, it is stated, and I quote directly:
"That time I decided to take measures" -
THE PRESIDENT: (Interposing): Shouldn't you read on at the top of that page 2? You had read, hadn't you, "I ordered the burning down of the houses of the fugitives"?
MR. DODD: Yes, I have.
THE PRESIDENT: I thought you were to go on after that "The result was...." Do you see?
MR. DODD: "The result was that in the future the people obeyed willingly."
THE PRESIDENT: Wait a minute. My colleague doubts whether you have read the passage at the bottom of page 1. I thought you had read it, beginning, "That time I decided to take measures....."
MR. DODD: No, I was just beginning to read it.
THE PRESIDENT: I beg your pardon.
MR. DODD: That is the fourth paragraph:
"That time I decided to take measures to show the increasingly rebellious Ukrainian youth that our orders have to be followed. I ordered the burning down of the houses of the fugitives."
Would Your Honor like to have the rest of that paragraph?
THE PRESIDENT: I think you should read the next few lines.
MR. DODD: "The result was that in the future people obeyed willingly orders concerning labor obligations. However, the measure of burning houses has not become known for the first time by my actions, but was suggested in a secret letter from the commissioner for the commitment of labor as a forced measure in case other measures should fail. This harsh punishment was accepted by the population with satisfaction."
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): The commissioner for labor, Mr. Dodd -you just said, "an order from the commissioner of labor." Who was that?
MR. DODD: Well, we have discussed this matter previous to our appearance here today. The document doesn't identify him by name. We are not sure. The Defendant Sauckel was called Plenipotentiary General for Labor, and we think we can't go much further, and say we don't know. It just doesn't appear.
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): Thank you.
MR. DODD: Reading that last sentence, "This hard punishment was accepted by the population with satisfaction previous to the measures, because both families ridiculed all the other duty-anxious families which sent their children partly voluntarily to the labor commitment." way through the paragraph, I wish to read as follows. In the German text it appears at page 3, paragraph 1:
"After the initial successes, a passive resistance of the population started, which finally forced me to start again on making arrests, confiscations, and transfers to labor camps. After a while a transport of people, obliged to work, overran the police in the railroad station in Wassilkow and escaped. I saw again the necessity for strict measures. A few ring leaders, which of course escaped before they were found in Plissezkoje and in Mitnitza. After repeated attempts to get hold of them, their houses were burned down." same document. In the German text it appears at page 5, paragraph 7. Quoting from that last paragraph on the third page:
"My actions against fugitive people obliged to work were always reported to district commissioner Doehrer, in office in Wassilkow, and to the general-commissioner (Generalkommissar) in Kiev. Both of them know the circumstances and agreed with my measures because of their success."
this morning, was the man Koch, concerning whom we quoted his statement about the master race. this labor program in the village of Biloserka in the Ukraine in cases of resistance to forced labor recruitment. Atrocities committed in this village are related in Document No. 018 PS, which is already in evidence as U.S.A. Exhibit No. 186. But in addition there is Document No. 290 PS which bears U.S.A. Exhibit No. 189. This document consists of correspondence originating within the Rosenberg Ministry, which was, of course, the office headquarters of the Defendant Rosenberg, and it is dated the 12th day of November, 1943. I wish to quote from page 1 of the English text, starting with the last line, as follows:
"But even if Mueller had been present at the burning of houses in connection with the national conscription in Biloserka, this should by no means lead to the relief of Mueller from office. It is mentioned specifically in a directive of the Commissioner General in Lusk of 21 September 1942, referring to the extreme urgency of the national conscription.
"'Estates of those who refuse to work are to be burned, their relatives are to be arrested as hostages and to be brought to forced labor camps.'" forced laborers and also in the raids on villages, burning of villages, and were directed to turn the entire population over for slave labor in Germany.
We refer to Document No. 3012 PS, which bears U.S.A. Exhibit No. 190. This document is a secret SS order and it is dated the 19th day of March, 1943. I wish to quote from page 2 of the English text starting with the third paragraph. In the German text it appears at page 2, paragraph 3. It says, and I quote it:
"The activity of the labor offices, that is, of recruiting commissions, is to be supported to the greatest extent possible. It will not be possible always to refrain from using force. During a conference with the Chief of the Labor Commitment Staffs, an agreement was reached stating that whatever prisoners can be released, they should be put at the disposal of the Commissioner of the Labor Office.
When searching villages, when it has become necessary to burn down villages, the whole population will be put at the disposal of the Commissioner by force."
THE PRESIDENT: Shouldn't you read No. 4?
MR. DODD: I beg your pardon, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Shouldn't you read No. 4 which follows it?
MR. DODD: No. 4 says:
"As a rule, no more children will be shot." relied on for other purposes later and it sometimes may appear to the Tribunal that we are overlooking some of these excerpts, but nevertheless I am grateful to have them called to our attention because they are most pertinent to these allegations as well. for more workers for the Reich, the Commissioner General reported on the brutality of the conspirators' program, which he described as a program of coercion and slavery. And I now refer to Document No. 265 PS, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 191. This document is a secret report of a conference between the Commissioner General of Shitomir and the Defendant Rosenberg in the community of Winniza on the 17th of June, 1943. The report itself is dated the 30th of June, 1943 and is signed by Leyser.
Quoting it directly:
"The symptoms created by the recruiting of workers reports and his own observations.
Therefore I shall not report them.
It is certain that a recuitment of labor, in this sense of the word, can hardly be spoken of.
In most cases it is nowadays a matter of actual conscription by force."
That is the end of that quotation. Passing now to page 2 of directly:
"But as the Chief Plenipotentiary for the mobilization no other device.
I consequently have authorized the in order to achieve the imposed quota.
The deterioration further proof.
It is nevertheless essential to win the war on this front too.
The problem of labor mobilization cannot be handled with gloves."
I now wish to refer to our document No. 3000-PS, which is
U.S.A. Exhibit No. 192. This document is a partial translation of Ministry.
I wish to read from page 1 of the English text, starting "The recruitment of labor for the Reich, however necessary, had disastrous effects.
The recruitment measures have an irreparable political and economic effect.
From for the Reich so far.
Another 130,000 are to be obtained.
Considering the 2.4 million total population, these figures "Due to the sweeping drives of the SS and police in razed."
We have already referred to the conspirators' objective of and the breaking up of families, and we invite the Tribunal's attention to Document 031-PS, which is in evidence as U.S.A. Exhibit No. 171, for we desire to emphasize that the policy was applied in the Occupied Eastern Territories with the Defendant Rosenberg's 40,000 to 50,000 youths of the ages of 10 to 14.
Now, the stated purpose of this plan was to prevent a reinforcement of the enemy's military strength and to reduce the enemy's biological potentialities.
plan, the so-called high-action plan. We referred to it yesterday Further evidence of the conspirators' plan to weaken their contained in document No. 1702-PS, which bears U.S.A. Exhibit No. 193.
of December, 1943. I quote from page 3 of the English text at paragraph 1. In the German text it appears at page 12, paragraph 1. "1) The able bodied male population between 15 and 65 years of age and the cattle are to be shipped back from the district East of the line Belilowka-Berditschen-Shitomir (places excluded)." that it employed, were not limited to Poland and the Eastern Occupied Territories but covered and cursed Western Europe as well.
Frenchmen, Dutchmen, Belgians, Italians, all came to know the yoke of slavery and the brutality of their slavemasters. part of 1943, pursuant to instructions which the Defendant Speer telephoned to the Defendant Saukel at eight o'clock in the evening, on the 4th day of January, 1943, from Hitler's headquarters. I now refer to Document No. 556-PS 13, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 194. This document, incidentally, is a note for his own files, signed by the Defendant Sauckel, dated the 5th of January, 1943. I wish to quote from page 1 of the English text, paragraph 1 as follows:
"1) On 4th January, 1943, at 8 p.m. Minister Speer telephones from the Fuehrer's headquarters and communicates that on the basis of the Fuehrer's decision, it is no longer necessary to give special consideration to Frenchmen in the further recruiting of specialists and helpers in France. The recruiting can proceed with emphasis and sharpened measures." Sauckel improvised new impressment measures which were applied to both France and Italy by his own agents and which he himself labelled as grotesque. At a meeting of the Central Planning Board, on March 1st, 1944, Sauckel stated, and I must refer to Document No. R 124, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 179, and particularly page 2 and paragraph 2 of the English text; in the German text it appears at page 2, paragraph 1, Quoting directly from that page and that paragraph:
"The most abominable point made by my adversaries in their claim that no executive had been provided within those areas in order to recruit in a sensible manner the Frenchmen, Belgians and Italians and to dispatch them to work.
Thereupon, I even proceeded to employ and train a whole batch of French male and female agents who for good pay just as was done in olden times for 'shanghiing' went hunting for men and made them drunk by using liquor as well as words, in order to dispatch them to Germany.
"Moreover, I charged some able men with founding a special labor supply executive of our own, and this they did by training, and arming, with the help of the Higher SS and Police Fuehrer, a number of natives, but I still have to ask the Munitions Ministry for arms for the use of these men. For during the last year alone several dozens of very able labor executive officers have been shot dead. All these means I have to apply, grotesque as it sounds, to refute the allegation there was no executive to bring labor to Germany from these countries". with terror and abduction. I now refer to Document No. 1726-PS, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 195. This document is entitled "STATEMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS GOVERNMENT IN VIEW OF THE PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE GERMAN MAJOR WAR CRIMINALS". I wish to quote from enclosure "h", entitled "Central Bureau for Statistics -- The Deportation of Netherlands Workmen to Germany." It is page 1 of the English text, starting with the first paragraph and in the German text it appears at page 1, also paragraph 1, Quoting directly, it reads as follows:
"Many big and reasonably large business concerns, especially in the metal industry, were visited by German commissions who appointed workmen for deportation. This combing out of the concerns was called the 'Sauckel-action', so named, after its leader, who was charged with the appointment of foreign workmen in Germany.
"The employers had to cancel the contract with the appointed workmen temporarily, and the latter were forced to register at the labour offices, which then took care of the deportation under supervision of German 'Fachberater'.
"Workmen who refused (relatively few) were prosecuted by the 'Sicherheitsdienst' (SD). If captured by this service, they were mostly lodged for some time in one of the infamous prisoners' camps in the Netherlands and eventually put to work in Germany.
"In this prosecution the 'Sicherheitsdienst' (SD) was supported by the German Police Service, which was connected with the labor offices, and was composed of members of the N.S.D. and the like.
"At the end of April, 1942, the deportation of working labourers started on a grand scale. Consequently, in the months of May and June, the number of deportees amounted to not less than 22,000, 2,400 of which many were metal workers.
"After that the action slackened somewhat, but in October, 1942, another top was reached (2,600). After the big concerns, the smaller ones had, in their turn, to give up their personnel.
"This changed in November, 1944. The Germans then started a ruthless campaign for man-power, passing by the labour offices. Without warning, they lined off whole quarters of the towns, seized people in the streets or in the houses and deported them.
"In Rotterdam and Schiedam, where these raids took place on 10 and 11 November, the amount of people thus deported was estimated at 50,000 and 5,000 respectively.
"In other places where the raids were held later, the numbers were much lower, because one was forewarned by the events. The exact figures are not known as they have never been published by the occupants.
"The people thus seized were put to work partly in the Netherlands, partly in Germany --." the seizure of workers in Holland and I refer to Document No. 3003, which is numbered U.S.A. Exhibit No. 196. This document is a partial translation of the text of a lecture delivered by one, Lieutenant Haupt of the German Wehrmacht, concerning the situation of the war economy in the Netherlands. I wish to quote from page 1 of the English text, starting with the fourth line of paragraph 1, quoting that directly, which reads as follows:
"There had been some difficulties with the Arbeitseinsatz, that is, during the man-catching action, which became very noticeable because it was unorganized and unprepared.
People were arrested in the streets and taken out of their homes. It has been impossible to carry out a unified release procedure in advance, because for security reasons, the time for the action had not been previously announced. Certificates of release, furthermore, were to some extent not recognized by the officials who carried out the action. Not only workers who had become available through the stoppage of industry but also those who were employed, in our installations producing things for our immediate need. They were apprehended or did not dare to go into the streets. In any case it proved to be a great loss to us -." in Germany today indicate, to a very considerable extent, the length to which the conspirators' labor program succeeded. The best available Allied and German data reveal that as of January 194, approximately 4,795,000 foreign civilian workers had been put to work for the German war effort in the old Reich, and among them were forced laborers of more than 14 different nationalities. I now refer to Document 2520-PS, which is an affidavit executed by Edward L. Duess, an economic analyst. nationality and then the numbers of the various nations and another breakdown of prisoners of war and of political, so-called. The workers alone, total, according to Mr. Duess, who is an expert in the field, the 4, 795,000 figure which I have just referred to. In the second paragraph of this statement of Duess, I should like to read for the record and quote directly:
"I, Edward L. Duess, for three years employed by the Foreign Economic Administration, Washington, as an economics analyst in London, Paris and Germany, specializing in labor and population problems of Germany during the war, do hereby certify that the figures of foreign labor employed in the old Reich have been compiled on the basis of the best available German and Allied source material. The accompanying table represents a comination of German official estimates of foreigners working in Germany in January, 1945, and of American, British and French figures of the number of foreigners, actually uncovered in the old Reich since 10 May 1945."