Protectorate with an annual sum of 2000 million crowns (1, 14,200,000). The Nazis claimed that they were legally entitled to this on the grounds that the Czechs did not have to fight, because the Germans fought for them. of various indirect taxes and diverted then straight into the Reich Treasury. report of the Czechoslovak Government give an adequate picture of the manner in which, after having seized Czechoslovakia, the Hitlerites subjected it to wanton plunder in every domain of economic life-husbandry, industry and finance. the Czechoslovakian Republic, the Hitlerite Government forced these resources to serve their own criminal interest, extracting from them everything possible in order to prepare further aggression against the peoples of Europe, now military attacks, pursuing the one monstrous object of achieving world domination by the German so-called "master race." Plunder of Private and Public Property in Poland. official report of the Polish Government dealing with crimes committed by the Hitlerites in Poland occupied by them. This report has already been presented to the Tribunal as exhibit USSR-93 and, according to Article 21 of the Charter, is unquestionably admissible evidence. I quote an excerpt from this report which the Tribunal will find on page 14 of the document book. Expropriation and Plunder of Public and Private Property.
a) As early as September 27th, 1939, the German military authorities issued a decree concerning the sequestration and confiscation of Polish property in the Western Provinces. "The property of the Polish State, of Polish public institutions, municipalities and unions, individuals and corporations can be seized and confiscated," stated paragraph 1 of the said decree.
b) The powers of the military authorities to dispose of Polish property in the incorporated provinces passed to a special Trustee Board entitled, Hauptreuhandstelle Ost, established by Goering on November 1st, 1939. With its headquarters in Berlin and branch offices in Poland, it was entrusted with the administration of confiscated property of the Polish State, as well as with the economic policy in Poland in accordance with the plan devised by the Reich Government.
c) By a decree of January 15, 1940, the whole property of the Polish State was put under "protection," which practically meant confiscation of the whole State property in the incorporated territories. A special decree of February 12, 1940, dealt with agriculture and forests with the same effect.
d) The confiscation of private property in the western provinces was initiated by a decree of January 31, 1940. Acquisition of rights or shares, the transfer of any business out of or into the incorporated territory, required, special permission. By another decree of June 12, 1940, Goering authorized the Hauptreuhandstelle Ost to seize and administer not only State property, but also the property of citizens of the "former Polish State."
e) The process of confiscation, however, went further. The property of Polish citizens became liable to seizure and confiscation unless the owner acquired German citizenship in accordance with Hitler's decree of October 8, 1939. sequestrators were authorized to repay debts to privileged creditors only and citizens of the Reich or of the city of Danzig for debts contracted after September 1, 1939. were specially created in view of the plundering of this property and also the plundering of the Polish-Jewish population, which, as is already known to the Tribunal, was later exterminated, and pass on to the conclusive part of the Polish report.
The Tribunal will find the excerpt on page 17 of the document book. wrong impression as to the way the guilty dealt with Jewish property in Poland. But one has to remember that steps concerning Jewish property were only preliminaries to much greater crimes to come.
In the conclusive part of the report it is justly stated:
"In addition to the crimes which have been proved here, there are thousands of others which are overshadowed by the enormity of mass murder, mass plunder and mass destruction." under the direct leadership of the Defendant Frank, who headed all the administration in the so-called "Government General."
Frank's diaries which were found and became part of the evidence in this case, give a clear and concrete idea of the crimes committed by the Hitlerites in Poland under his direction. In these diaries entries also are contained which have a direct bearing on the subject of my presentation.
of evidence concerning the plunder of Poland with excerpts from this diary, which was submitted to the Tribunal previously as Exhibit USSR-223.
I quote from the volume entitled "Conference of the Leaders of Departments for 1939 - 1940, pages 11 and 12. In your document book, gentlemen, this excerp is at page 21:
"My relationship with the Foles is like the relationship between an ant and a plant louse. When I treat the Poles in a helpful way, so to speak tickle them in a friendly manner, then I do it in the expectation that their work performance redounds to my benefit. This is not a political, but a purely tactical-technical problem. In cases where, in spite of all measures, the performance does not increase, or where the slightest act gives me occasion to step in, I would not even hesitate to take the most Draconic action."
From the volume entitled "Diary, 1942," I quote:
Dr. Frank: "We must remember that the 540,000,000 zlotys of the Lank of Poland, expended in the annexed Eastern Territories, were taken by the Government General without any compensation from the Reich. This make a contribution of more than half a billion which the Government General paid to Germany, in addition to other financial services," From the same volume, page 1277 - this concern?
the Governor's Conference which took place on the 7th of December, 1942 in Crscow, Measures for increasi production for the year? 1942-43 were discussed. A certain Dr. Fischer stated" "If the new food plan is carried out, it would mean that in Warsaw and its suburbs alone 500,000 people would be deprived of food," From the same volume, at page 1331, Frank speaks;"I shall endeavor to take out from the reserves of this province all that it is still possible to find If you recall that I was able to send to Germany 600,000 tons of grain, to which should be added 180,000 tons reserved for local troops, as well as many thousands of tons of seed, fats, vegetables, as well as expert to Germany of 300 million eggs, tec.
, then you will understand the importance of this region for Germany."
The same Frank, at page 1332, stated the following; the Tribunal will fine this quotation on page 27 of the document book:
"Nevertheless, these supplies to the Reich had a definitely dark side to then, since the supplies for which we were responsible exceeded the victualing possibilities of the Region. This faces us with the following problem. Can we, as from the 2nd of April, deprive the two million inhabitants of the region, who are not of German nationality, of their entire food supply?
In the volume entitled "Workers' Conference" for 1943, we find an excerpt concerning the converence of the 14th of April, 1943, which took place in Cracow. On page 28 of the document book, the Tribunal will find the excerpt which I wish to read into the record. 1943-1944, "One thousand 500 tons of various sweets for the German; 36 millio liters of skimmed milk for the Germans; 15,100,000 liters of full-cream milk for the Germans."
At page 24 the same Frank continues; this is at page 28 of the document book;
"Last year, out of the whole quantity of livestock requisitioned, the Governor General borrowed more than 20 percent of the total amount. On this occasion cattle were slaughtered which were essential for the production of milk and butter. This was done to guarantee supplies for the Reich and the Army. In order to supply 120,000 tons of meat, it was necessary to slaughter 40 percent of all the available livestock."
And further:
"To a question of the Governor General, President Naumann replied that in 1940, 383,000 tons of grain were carried off; in 1941, 683,000 tons; and in 1942, one and a half million tons.
"It is evident from these figures that the requisitions increase from year to year and steadily approach the extreme limits of still possible seizures. Now they are prepared to increase the requisitions by 200,000 tons, and there we will reach the uppermost limits of these seizures. The hunger of the Polish peasant can be increased only to such a point where he will still be able to work his fields and carry out the work which would be expected from over and above his labors in the field, such as the supply of wood, etc."
However, the quotation read by me from Naumann's reply had in no way influenced the policy of the merciless plunder of the Polish people, whose fate, in Frank's own word, interested him only from one definite angle.
In the volume entitled, "From the 1st of January to the 28th of February, 1944," there is the following statement by Frank, made at the conference of the leaders of German agriculture on the 12th of January, 1944. The Tribunal will find this excerpt at page 30:
"If we should win the war, then, as far as I am concerned, Poles, Ukramni and all the other people milling around can be turned into minced meat. Let come what may." as a representative of the Soviet Prosecution, to add anything to the section dealing with the crimes committed by the Hitlerite criminals on the territory of the Polish State. Indeed, one sentence quoted is more than sufficient to have an exact conception of the regime created in Poland, by Frank, and of Frank himself who created this regime.
Plunder of private and public property in Yugoslavia: out by the Hitlerites in Yugoslavia, I must, Your Honors, read the relevant section of the official report of the Yugoslav Government, submitted to the International Military Tribunal by the Soviet Prosecution as USSR Exhibit 36. This report, in accordance with Article 21 of the Charter, presents irrefutable evidence.
Count 6 of this report, entitled "Plunder of Public and private Property", reads as fellows-this count is on page 32 and the following pages of the document book:
"6. Plunder of Public and Private Property:
"Together with the systematic plunder of public and private property in Yugoslavia, exploitation of manpower was systematically carried out. This plunder was carried out in the various manners end within the framework of various measures which were taken and, in any case, through which Germany succeeded in exhausting completely all the economic forces and values in occupied Yugoslavia, and in destroying her nearly completely from an economic point of view."
We will give here only a few examples of this planned system of plunder:
A. Currency and Credit Measures: entry into Yugoslavia, carried out a series of currency measures which enabled them to take out of Yugoslavia all kinds of goods at an insignificant price. As early as the 14th of April, 1941--that is to say, even before the occupation of Yugoslavia was actually completed--the Commander of the German land forces, "on the basis of the authority received from the Fuehrer and Supreme Commander of the German armed forces", issued the "Proclamation concerning occupied Yugoslav Territory." one German mark. Thus, an artificial and enforced lowering of the value of the dinar in relation to the Reichsmark was carried out, though the real rate of exchange before the war was much mere favorable to the Yugoslav currency. of the Hague Convention, as well as the existence of a plan prepared in advance for the undermining of the Yugoslav currency.
proclamation as USSR Exhibit 140. introduction of German bonds--Reichskreditkassenschein--as an obligatory means of payment in the occupied territory of Yugoslavia. This measure was also introduced in the proclamation which was submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 140. These so-called "occupation marks", which were without any economic foundation and without any value whatsoever in Germany itself, were issued in Yugoslavia in accordance with the needs of the German forces of occupation authorities in general, and so served as an obligatory means of payment for German predatory purchases. bonds were withdrawn. This took place after the Germans had already bought up nearly everything that could be purchased in Yugoslavia, and when the Yugoslav State Bank had been liquidated and all its properties plundered; and in its stead the Germans created the so-called Serbian National Bank. However, in order that the Germans, even on this occasion, could suffer no damage, the Serbian National Bank was forced to exchange the so-called "occupation marks" for thenew dinars which the bank issued. The marks which were thus withdrawn the Germans simply withdrew, in turn, for the Serbian National Bank, against a mere receipt. In this way one of the most ruthless plunders was carried out, which cost Yugoslavia many hundreds of millions of dinars. withdrawl of the Reichskreditkassen currency of June 30, 1942, as USSR Exhibit 194, and also a certified copy of thelaw of the Serbian Currency Bank of May 29, 1941, as USSR Exhibit 135. carried out a forceful and illegal liquidation of the Yugoslav State Bank, considering that Yugoslavia no longer existed, and that they took advantage of this liquidation in order to carry out plunder on an enormous scale. for the purpose of creating an instrument for their exploitationist economic and currency policies in Serbia. They controlled its activities through organs appointed by themselves. Besides many others, the example with the Yugoslav metal coins is very characteristic of German methods. The Yugoslav metal currency, which consisted of a certain per cent of silver and brass, was withdrawn and replaced by coins of an especially poormetal mixture.
There is no particular need to stress the fact that the Germans carried away the whole quantity of the withdrawn Yugoslav coins of a better quality.
B. Requisitioning and Fines:
repeatedly declared that fixed prices were the Magna Carta of the rearmament program. The Defendant Goering, on March 26, 1943, passed a decree which demanded the further lowering of prices of all goods imported from the occupied countries. A similar evolution of prices was attained through requisitioning, confiscations, fines, and through a special price policy. enforced right to purchase goods from the procedures, the Government of the Reich was enabled to plunder thoroughly the Yugoslav people. This went so far that even the Quislings who collaborated with the Germans had frequently to declare that the quotas of goods demanded by the Germans could not be fulfilled. of the Quisling Administration of Milan Nedic, of February 12, 1944, stated:
"The requisitioning of cattle greatly affects the peasants for two reasons:
"1. Through this large seizure of cattle, the peasant will remain without the necessary cattle for agricultural work. Whilst, on the one hand, it isurged that every inch of ground should be cultivated, on the other, the cattle is taken away in a ruthless manner.
"2. Prices are very low, so that the peasant feels that his livestock is being taken away almost without any compensation whatsoever." numerous. imposition of various money fines. Thus, the cash fines imposed in Belgrade itself during 1943 by the field commanders amounted to 48,018,086 dinars, In Nish, during the first three and a half months of 1943, the cash fines amounted to 5,056,000 dinars. accounts through which the export of Yugoslav goods to Germany was carried out. As early as March 1, 1943, the clearing saldo in favor of Serbia amounted to 219 million Reichsmarks, or 4,380,000,000 dinars. By the end of the occupation, Germany owed to Serbia, on account of this saldo in the clearing, 10 billion dinars. In fact, the situation was the same in all the other provinces of Yugoslavia, though the forms which the plundering of the country assumed may have varied in accordance with local conditions.
C. Confiscations: plundering Yugoslavia. confiscation was announced by the Germans on the front line. Pursuant to this decree the Germans confiscated enormous quantities of agricultural products, raw materials, semi-manufactured and other goods. as USSR, Exhibit 206. authorities introduced, through other decrees, the system of confiscation of private and public property, a system which applied to all parts of the country without distinction. examples of confiscation of property of the Yugoslav population, and pass on to the next count, which is entitled "Other Methods of Plunder." forms through various decrees and laws, the most varied forms of ruthless looting took place on the Yugoslav State territory. They were not sporadic incidents, but constituted a part of the German system for the enslavement and exploitation of the occupied territories. and complete economic undertakings, down to cattle, food, and the simplest things of a personal character I will cite a few examples:
1. Immediately after their entry into Yugoslavia, the Germans looted, systematically, all of the bigger firms and storehouses. They used to engage in this from of looting particularly at night, after the so-called curfew hours.
2. The order of Major General Kuebler, which has already been submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Document 132, contains the following passage:
"The troops should treat the population which maintains an unfriendly attitude toward the forces of occupation in a ruthless and brutally stern manner, depriving the enemy of every possibility to maintain life by destroying abandoned localities and by seizing all stocks." the country under the pretext of so-called control over existing stocks, as well as of the destruction of so-called abandoned territories.
3. Punitive expeditions, which became an everyday event during the whole period of occupation, mercilessly looted the property of the victims. In this same way they plundered the prisoners and killed soldiers of the National Army, as well as the hundreds of thousands of internees of the concentration camps.
4. Not even churches were spared. Thus, for example, the German unit "Konrad Einheit", which operated in the vicinity of Sibenik, looted the Church of St. Ivan in Zablac.
Similar examples are numerous. Throughout the four years of occupation, all Yugoslav regions were systematically looted. This was carried out either through numerous so-called legal measures, or through mass looting on the part of the Germans. The Nazi occupation forces gave proof of great imagination and utilized the experience which they had gained in other occupied countries to apply it to Yugoslavia. one can consider it simply an economic destruction of the country. private property in Yugoslavia was also conducted by the Hitlerites according to a plan conceived beforehand, that it affected all classes of the population and all branches of the country's economy, and caused enormous material losses to the Yugoslav State and to its citizens.
THE PRESIDENT: I believe this would be a convenient time to recess.
(A recess was taken).
MR. SHEYNIN: The plunder of Greece. After the invasion of Greece, the Hitlerite conspirators, following their policy of merciless despoliation of the occupied countries, began to plunder her national property. The official report of the Greek Government on the crimes committed by the Hitlerites has already been submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 258.
In the part of this report entitled "Exploitation", complete facts are quoted. I quote the following excerpts from the part "Exploitation" taken from the report of the Greek Government, which will be found on page 59 of the document book.
"Owing to her geographical position, Greece was used by the Germans as a base of operations for the war in North Africa. They also used Greece as a place of rest for thousands of their troops from the North African and Eastern fronts. Thus, they concentrated in Greece much larger forces than were actually required for purposes of occupation. Large amounts of local supplies of fruit, vegetables, potatoes, olive oil, meat and dairy products were taken for the needs of these forces. As current production was not sufficient for these needs, requisitioning of livestock was extensively resorted to, with the result that the country's livestock was seriously depleted in numbers," Hitlerite conspirators exacted enormous sums of money from Greece to cover the so-called cost of occupation. In the report of the Greek Government, the following remark is made on the subject:
This is on page 69 in the document book. I read:
"Between August 1941 and December 1941 the Germans were paid the sum of 26, 206, 085, 000 drachmas, that is, 60 per cent over and above the estimated national income during the same period. In fact, according to the estimates of two Axis experts, Dr. Barberine form Germany and Dr. Bertoni, an Italian, the national income of that year amounted to only 23,000,000,000 drachmas. In the following year, as the national income decreased, they extracted sums at the expense of the national capital."
were the so-called requisitions and confiscations. In order to save time, I shall, with the permission of the Tribunal, merely read into the record a brief excerpt from the Greek report dealing with this question. I quotes:
"One of the enemy's first measures on occupying Greece was to lay hands on all the stocks existing in the country by requisition or direct confiscation. Among other things, then requisitioned from the whole scale and retail trade 71,000 tons of currants and 10,000 tons of olive oil; they confiscated 1,435 tons of coffee, 1,143 tons of sugar, 2,520 tons of rice, and a whole shipload of wheat at the Piraeus of the value of $530,000."
The country was divided among three occupying powers. The Hitlerites blockaded the part of Greece which was occupied by their own troops, forbidding the export of supplies from that zone. The Hitlerites began to confiscate all supplies of food and other goods, a measure which resulted in severe depopulation and starvation of the population. The result of this plunder was so destructive for the Greeks that in the final analysis even the Germans themselves were forced to recognize that they had gone too far.
This was concretely expressed by the fact that towards the end of the year 1942 the German authorities promised the International Commission of the Red Gross that they would return to the population all the local produces confiscated by the armies of occupation and exported by them. The Germans also undertook to import products of the same calorific value. However, the pledge was not fulfilled. and put in circulation an unlimited amount of currency. It should be noted that this currency represented the so-called occupation marks without any security to back it at all. I quote an excerpt from this report, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 63 in the document book. I read.
"The Germans, from the beginning, put into circulation 10 billion occupation marks, a sum equal to half the money in circulation at that date. By April 1944 the monetary circulation had reached 14,000,000 drachmas, that is it had increased 700 times since the start of the occupation." bought up all goods at prices fixed before the occupation. All goods, as well as valuables, articles of gold, furniture, and sc forth, were shipped by the Germans to Germany. into operation in Greece also the so-called system of clearing. under this system, all goods earmarked for export were first confiscated or put under embargo by the military authorities, Then they were "bought up" by German firms at arbitrarily fixed prices. The price of the goods established in such a one-sided way was then credited to Greece. The prices for merchandise imported from Germany were fixed at from 200 to 500 per cent higher than their normal value. Finally, Greece was also debited with the price of merchandize imported from Germany for the needs of the occupation forces.
The Germans called this plundering, "clearing." which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 64 of the document book. I read.
"In consequence notwithstanding the fact that Greece exported the whole of her available resources to Germany, the clearing account showed a credit balance in favor of Germany of 264,157,574,030 marks when the Germans left, while the credit balance in favor of Greece at the moment of their arrival stood at 4,353,428,000 marks." Hitlerites plundered the Greek people. Plunder and Pillage of Private, Public and State Property in the USSR.
May it please your Honors. I pass on to the statement of the facts of the monstrous plunder and pillage to where the private, public and State property was subjected by the Hitlerite usurpers in the temporally occupied territories of the Soviet Union. The indisputable original documents which I shall have the honor to present for your consideration, your Honors, will prove that the Fascist conspirators, long before their attack a the USSR, had conceived and prepared their criminal plans for the plunder and spoliation of the riches and of its national wealth. occupied by them, the plunder and pillage of these territories were planned and organized beforehand by the major war criminals whom the will and the valor of the Allied Nations have placed in the dock. carried out the conspirators' criminal plans over wide areas of the Soviet land, on the fertile sleppes of the Ukraine, in the fields and forests of Byelorussia, in the rich cornfields of the Kuban and the Don, in the snowy expanses of the North, in the blossoming gardens of the Crimea, in the approaches to Leningrad and to the Soviet Baltic States, all these monstrous crimes, all this mass plunder, general and wholesale pillage of the sacred wealth created by the peaceful and noble labor of the Soviet peoples, Russian, Ukranian, Byelorussian and others, all these crimes, unprecedented for their scale and for the heavy consequences, were directly planned, designed, prepared and organized by the criminal Hitlerite Government and the Supreme Command of the German Army--the major war criminals, now occupying the dock.
crimes competed on the USSR territory. I shall prove that the mass and wholesale plunder and pillage of private, public and State property by the German Fascist usurpers were not a chance instance, not a local occurrences that they did not happen as the result of the disintegration and *rauding of individual army units or groups, but, on the contrary formed an essential and indissoluble part of the general plan of *---* on the USSR, and, moreover, The fundamental purpose, the *---* motive power of this criminal plan, of this criminal aggression. connected with the preparations for this category of crimes, I am obliged to refer also to several of the documents already submitted to the Tribunal by my American colleagues. I shall endeavour, however, to avoid repetitions and will mainly quote such extracts from these documents as have not been previously rend, into the record.
"Barbarossa", which provided for e sum total of strategic questions connected with the attack on the USSR, purely economic problems arising from this plan were also elaborated.
In the document known under the title "Conference of 29 April 1941 with Branches of the Armed Forces" and presented to the Tribunal by the American prosecution on the 10th December as Document USA-141, we read:
"The purpose of this conference was to discuss the administrative structure of the Oldenburg economic sector of the case Barbarossa".Further on in this document, it is indicated that the "Fuehrer, contrary to previous practice in the preparation of a given measure, ordered that all economic questions were to be worked out by one center and that such a center is to be "The Special Purpose Economic Staff "Oldenburg" under the direction of Lt-General Schubert', and that this staff is to be subordinated to the Reich Marshal, i.e. to Goering."
of all the activity in preparation for plundering the USSR. is already made in it for the organization of special economic inspectorates and commands at Leningrad, Murmansk, Riga, Minsk, Moscow, Tula, Gorki, Kiev, Baku, Yaroslavl and many other Soviet industrial towns. as is pointed out in the document; "the economic utilization of a given territory" i.e., as is explained below, "all questions of food supply and rural economy, industrial economy, including raw materials and manufacturing equipment, as well as the questions of forest economy, finance and banking, trophies, commerce and trade and man power." rily concrete.
The plan "Barbarossa-Oldenbu. received its further development in the so-called "Deceives for management of economy in the newly occupied Eastern territories" (The Gruen File), when were also elaborated and secretly issued before the attack on the USSR. But before passing on to the "Gruen File", I would like to present to the Tribunal and read out in part another document - the so-called "File of the District Agricultural Leader", which was submitted to the Tribunal by my colleague Colonel Smirnov as USSR Exhibit 89.
This very detailed instruction for future "district agricultural leaders" which was also worked out and published in advance, was called, "File of the district agricultural leader" and was dated 1st June 1941. Naturally this file too is marked "top secret - secred command matter."
This instruction begins "The 12 Commandments for the Behavior of Germans in the East and Their Attitude Towards Russians". My colleague, Colonel Smirnov, road into the record only one of those commandments, and I, with the Tribunal's permission, will read into the record the other commandments. The first "commandment" states:
"For you workers who are sent to the East, it is imperative to understand that the work must be the deciding factor.
Therefore, I demand of you constant and diligent work."
What sort of "work" is meant is clearly shown by the following "commandments". I quote extracts from this document:
"The more tenacious you will be, the more ingenious will be your methods for achieving this purpose.
The choice of methods will be left to the discretion of everyone of us (5th Commandment) "In view of the fact that the newly incorporated territories must will depend on how you will establish yourself there.
You must demanded of you by the State.
Lack of character in individuals is a definite reason far removing then from their work.
He, who responsible position in the limits of the Reich proper.
(6th Commandment). In this way, the future "agricultural fuehrers" were not only given instructions as to the necessity for being cruel and merciless in the plundering activities they had to carry out, but were also warned directly of what would happen to them if they were not cruel enough, or if they showed "lack of character".The following "commandments" develop the same idea:
"Do not ask: what use I can derive from this peasantry, only ask;
how useful can this be for Germany?" (7th Commandment) "Do not talk - act:
You can never talk a Russian round or per suade him with words.
He can talk better than you do. For he is a born 'speaker'!" (8th Commandment) "Only your will must decide, but this will must be directed to the execution of great tasks.
Only in this case will it be moral even in its cruelty.
Keep away from the Russians - they are not Germans, they are Slavs."
(8th Commandment) "We do not wish to turn the Russians to the path of National Social ism; we only wish to make them a tool in our hands.
You must con quer the youth of Russia by pointing out their task to them.
You should they sabotage."
"The selection of applications will merely consume your time, which is essentially needed for the execution of your German tasks.
You are neither investigating magistrates nor yet the Wailing Wall."
(9th Commandment)
"...His (Russian) stomach is extensible therefore - no false pity for him!" (11th Commandment) Such were these commandments for "agricultural fuehrers", which one should - to be more exact - call "commandments for cannibals."
The "file" begins with these "commandments", which are followed by an already completely concrete program for the plundering of USSR agriculture, worked out in detail.
At the beginning of this program we read:
"Fundamental economic and political directives for the organisa tion of economy in the Fast" (Agricultural Economic Group) "The feeding and political purpose of this campaign is: