Q. Did you give any orders or directives for the employment of inmates in the Golleschau plant?
A. No.
Q. Were you in a position to become part of the channel of command which you just described and prevent that inmates should be used?
A. No.
Q. Can you give us an explanation?
A. Not militarily nor under commercial law would I have the possibility to prevent that. I cannot imagine what I could have done or how I could have done it.
Q. Were inmates in concentration camps used only for that reason that the Golleschau plant was part of the Klinker Concrete G.m.b.H. and therefore part of Office Group W-II?
A. No, I don't believe so. I know that the works would not have been closed down if it had been a purely private enterprise, that is to say, if a majority of shares had still belonged to the Swiss bank or a German business man. If a factory was to be closed down in Germany during the war, it was necessary to have permission by the agencies in charge of German economic life. That permission was always withheld in the case of concrete factories or given at least very infrequently because the requirement for concrete was extremely high because of the air raids of the German cities.
THE PRESIDENT: We will take the afternoon recess.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal will recess for fifteen minutes.
(A recess was taken.)
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is again in session.
BY DR. GAWLIK:
Q. Witness, your last answer to the question was that the only reason that inmates were used in Golleschau was namely because the enterprise was part of the Klinker Cement G.m.b.H. and therefore part of Office D-II. Do you have anything to add to your answer?
A. Yes, indeed, I do. At the time, that is early in 1943, I had found out through discussions which I had with industrialists in Upper-Silesia that a whole number of industrial enterprises in Upper-Silesia were employing inmates for work. For instance, it was said that the Reichsbahn Repair Works was employing inmates, and that the I.G. Farben also were using the inmates for labor. Those inmates therefore were sent through the labor office, or then through the Landesarbiletsamt, or the District Labor Office into labor allocation. I also know that a regulation coming from the Four Year Plan provided explicitly that construction material companies had the duty to employ a certain percentage of inmates, if there was a lack of workers. Therefore, independently as to who owned the enterprises at Golleschau, based on the organization of the German labor market, it was not possible that I prevented the employment of inmates.
Q. Did you have the possibility on the basis of the employment ordered by the defendant Pohl to resign from Office W-II?
A. No, I didn't. I was a soldier, and I had to stay on my position to which I had been assigned. The same, however, applied to all civilian workers who, in the same manner, were subjected to control, should they decide to change their working place. They simply couldn't walk out on the job, if they didn't like their work.
Q. Who was it that assigned the inmates at Golleschau?
A. The commander of concentration camp Auschwitz, respectively deputy.
Q. Did you or one of your subordinates in the Office W-II participate in this?
A. You mean in the selection of inmates?
Q. No, in the labor assignment of inmates.
A. No.
THE PRESIDENT: Dr. Gawlik. How far was Auschwitz from the Golleschau?
A. Approximately 60 to 80 kilometers, Your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, where did the inmates who were sent from Auschwitz to Golleschau, where did they live? Was there a camp at Golleschau?
A. Yes, Your Honor, I wanted to describe that more closely.
BY DR. GAWLIK:
Q. Yes, that was going to be my question, anyway. Where were these inmates billeted?
A. The inmates were billeted within the area of the plant in Golleschau in a massive building. This had been established for that purpose, that is to say, the windows were enlarged, ceilings were erected, certain partitions were established so that you had a kitchen, a living room, and a special room for stocks for food and clothing, a dental station, the toilets, and washrooms, the day room, and the places where they spent the night were separated from each other also.
Q. Who was responsible for the billeting of the inmates?
A. The billeting was taken care of by the works manager of Golleschau in cooperation with the camp administration of Auschwitz.
Q. Who was it that installed the billets for the inmates?
A. The works manager of Golleschau in cooperation with the commander in Auschwitz.
Q. Did you have to participate in this?
A. No.
Q. Who was in charge of the camp administration in Auschwitz?
A. The inspectorate of the concentration camps.
Q. And later on?
A. Later on Amtsgruppe D.
Q. Did you have the possibility to give orders and instructions to the camp administration in Auschwitz?
A. No, I didn't.
Q. What kind of work did the inmates have to do?
A. The inmates worked in the chalk pit, and they also worked in the construction of small train tracks which let to the new chalk pit.
Q. Apart from those inmates were any free workers also employed?
A. Yes indeed.
Q. What was the relationship in figures between free workers and inmates?
A. As far as I was informed, there were approximately 300 to 350 free workers working in that plant at the time. At the beginning there were approximately 500 to 600 inmates. I believe that figure was increased by a few hundred later on; without my having been consulted about this. In any case I learned from the documents that they kept on speaking about one thousand inmates, a figure which in any case, according to my recollection, did not exist at the beginning.
Q. Did the inmates have to do the same kind of work as the free workers?
A. The inmates fundamentally speaking did the same work as the free workers whose place they had taken. In any case, the work was not at all more difficult than that of the free workers. The most difficult work in a cement factory is the one carried out at the revolving stove which is used there.
The work at that revolving stove is particularly difficult due to the fact that this heat which emanates from this stove sort of stuns the workers. That work, basically speaking, was only carried out by free workers because it was a special job which problem could only be solved by skilled workers.
Q. What was the working time?
A. An the works manager told me, the working hours were 8 to 10 hours a day, depending on the season.
Q. Did the working time differ much for the inmates compared with free workers?
A. No, not that I know of, nor is it possible because the work of the inmates had to be supervised by the special foremen in the plants, and we couldn't, after all, add any new shifts.
Q. Witness, will you take a look at Document No-1290, this is Exhibit number 60, document book number 14, on page 46 in the German document books, and on page 49 of the English document book. According to this document, the daily working hours were to amount to 11 hours a day. Don't the contents of this document contradict your testimony, witness?
A. No, that is not quite correct. First of all I didn't receive this letter on an informational basis because the distribution list does not contain Office W-II. As far as the remaining portion is concerned, it is explicitly stated in the contents that there are exceptions which applied to the outside detachments; and I believe that the labor assignment of Golleschau was probably part of this exception as stated in the document.
Q. Let me show you your affidavit, witness, which is dated 16 of January 1947. That is Document NO-1566, Exhibit 19 in Document Book I page 111. You stated there that it is also possible that a few inmates worked 11 hours under circumstances.
What do you have to say about that, witness?
A. The way I wrote that sentence shows that I didn't have any knowledge about it, that inmates did in fact work 11 hours a day. That is upon the interrogator's suggestion, according to which, after all I wouldn't have acted against an order as issued by me Reichsfuehrer, I left that possibility open. That is shown by that sentence, and I had no misgivings whatsoever to let that assumption on my part remain in the affidavit. In any case, it is very difficult for me to imagine how a cement factory where group work was decisive and not the individual inmates for a longer period of time than ten hours.
Q. Who was it that fixed the occupation of the inmates?
A. Based on certain remarks made by the works manager, I know that the works manager only fixed what kind of work had to be done. The details of employment in any case were taken care of by the camp leader of the outside detachment or by the camp Eldest who was an inmate.
Q. Did you ever issue any orders about the employment of inmates?
A. No, I couldn't do that because I didn't have the authority to issue orders with reference to the camp. Of course, during one of my occasional visits to Golleschau, I spoke to the camp commander, and I actually told him explicitly that he should treat the inmates decently, and that he should not demand more work from them than they actually could do. I was reassured on that repeatedly ---
JUDGE MUSMANNO: Witness, when you speak of the camp commander you mean the labor camp commander of Golleschau -- not the camp commander at Auschwitz?
WITNESS: Yes, Your Honor. I didn't know him. I am always speaking about the manager of the outside detachment who was in Golleschau.
At the time I was also told that the relationship between the guard personnel and the inmates was approximately the same as between a soldier and his superior. The superior after all has not the right to beat his subordinate, not even touch him. There was a strict order to that effect which, from time to time, was read to these people. Therefore, I was told I could be absolutely assured as far as that went.
BY DR. GAWLIK (Counsel for defendants Volk and Bobermin)
Q. What was being paid for the work done by the inmates?
A. fifty pfennigs per day were paid for the auxiliary workers, and one mark fifty for the so-called skilled workers.
Q. Who received the money?
A. The payment was either made to the camp administration of Auschwitz or to Amtsgruppe D. I couldn't tell you that for sure because I never did see such a payment slip, nor did I ever pay that money myself. The Works Administration did that.
Q. Who did?
Q. I said the administration of the plant at Golleschau.
Q. Did the enterprise have the right to pay to the inmates directly?
A. No, that was not possible because that would not have complied with current regulations.
Q. Who was responsible for the food of the inmates?
A. The man in charge of his outside detachment, respectively the camp administration at Auschwitz.
Q. What do you know about the food of the inmates at Golleschau?
A. During my visits, of course, I was especially interested and particularly interested in the food situation, because food is a matter which interests a human being more than anything else. At the time I was told that the inmates received the basic ration due to the camps, and also so-called heavy-workers' rations. This heavyworkers' ration, I was told, was just the same as that for civilian workers. Apart from that , the works management on its own accord provided potatoes, vegetables, soups, carrots, mineral water, and, to a small extent, fruit juices for sick inmates. Furthermore, tobacco and cigarettes were purchased in large amounts.
At the time I was told that the tobacco allocation was said to be even greater than that for the civilian population.
I will gladly tell you about a small incident which at the time probably reassured me best of a sufficient food supply received by the inmates. On a visit which I made -- I believe it was the second one I made -- I saw at the entrance to the building where the inmates lived, two large barrels of carrots. Those carrots had been cleaned and out into small pieces. I asked them what this vegetable was doing out there; after all, it was to be taken into the kitchen, was it not. Whereupon the camp eldest said, no, "These raw carrots will be eaten by the inmates extra because they contained vitamins." Thereupon I told him, "This is probably allocated, isn't it?"Because after, there would be difficulties if it wasn't, Whereupon I was told no, "There is no trouble about that; the inmates are not too keen about carrots."
If I look back at my own captivity now, I really have to say that we would eat raw, yellow carrots which would occasionally be sent to the camp, and, as a matter of fact, we would look upon them as a delicacy. I believe that at the time, both from the statements made by the camp commander and the inmates, that the inmates , in any case, were not hungry.
Q. Did you gain the impression during your visits that the plant manager at Golleschau was worried about the fate of the inmates?
A. Yes, I did , because every time I saw him he mentioned what beautiful and special things he had gotten for inmates, and here again let melet me tell you an incident which occured and which gave me quite a bit of trouble. When the first inmate detachments were detailed for work, the inmate shower rooms had not yet been completed yet. At the time the plant manager permitted the inmates to go and make use of the general bath there. The area commander of the party there heard about this fact, whereupon he scolded the works manager by telling him that he would report him by mixing his civilian workers with inmates, and he said that he would see to it that he would lose his job as a works manager. That, of course, would have meant quite some trouble for my colleague who was a member of the Vorstand. He spoke to me and I wrote a letter in a draft which Herr Pohl had written to Gauleiter Bracht in Upper Silesia in which Herr Pohl was explaining quite clearly his attitude towards this matter, namely, that he had nothing against the use of these bath rooms commonly by both inmates and civilian workers, whereupon no trial took place against the works manager.
Q. Which was the impression that you gained during your visits about the working - and living conditions of the inmates at Golleschau?
A. I really had the impression that the inmates were not being
A. I really had the impression that the inmates were not being mal-treated. I was only once at the working place. The inmates, of course, looked around and saw who the visitor was. None of the guards or the foremen or the capos did anything in order to force the workers to go to work. He probably just permitted them on one occasion to just pause for a minute or two. As far as I could see, they were handling small pieces of chalk which had been exploded out of the wall. You had small pieces of chalk there which had been cut into small pieces and which were being thrown on special wagons. It is quite clear that if you come out of a nice home and you go into a camp it is a shock to a human being to experience such a thing. However, as I have quite a bit of experience, having been a prisoner for two years, I can tell you today, looking back upon it, that, as far as the billeting of inmates was concerned, the conditions in Golleschau were better than those which I experienced.
Q. Witness, you are speaking about your experiences while you were a prisoner for two years. Of course there was a difference between your having been a prisoner and the fact that they had to work in Golleschau. You did not have to work.
A. As a prisoner of war, I did not have the duty to work because I was an officer. However, after I had been released formally from my camp, from being transferred to an internment camp, I received a paper, and I had to turn in that piece of paper. Then I had to accept my warrant of arrest. Well, anyway, when I became a civilian internee there was a so-called "duty" to work in the camp. We discussed the question once in a while and the camp commander thereupon issued an order that there was no order to work -- but a "duty" to work.
I am not a lawyer and in any case I can't imagine the difference between those two terms. I simply don't believe there is a difference.
Q. But work which you had to do was easier than the work that had to be done by the concentration camp inmates which you saw working.
A That depended entirely on the working detachment, Dr. Gawlik. I worked in Kommando 39 for two or three weeks, which was not liked very much. We had to destroy air raid shelters. Of course, it is indubitable that concrete is more difficult to destroy and to handle than soft chalk. An additional factor was that the tools which we had were not exactly appropriate and sufficient to handle the work, therefore, I believe that our work was extremely difficult also.
Q Did you receive any payment for that work?
A No, nor was I paid for this work nor was anything paid into one of my accounts. I never did receive a bonus or anything. All we received was a special allocation of food which consisted of 100 grams of bread or 10 or 13 grams of fat and then received some sausage or fish.
JUDGE MUSMANNO: Where was this?
THE WITNESS: This was at the camp of Dachau, your Honor.
A (Continued) Later on we received half a litre, or approximately half a quart, of soup in the morning, but this so-called additional food was not an additional food, because we received that as part of our normal rations in the beginning, which later on was discontinued.
Q Were PW's employed at Golleschau also?
A No.
Q Did the plant Golleschau produce war material?
A No.
Q Did you at any time gain knowledge of the fact that inmates were killed at Auschwitz?
A No, you mean on purpose?
Q Yes, yes, quite.
A No.
Q Did you gain knowledge that inmates were killed at Golleschau, mistreated or maltreated in any other way?
A No.
Q What do you know about the death of Golleschau?
A I know of no death rate figures at Golleschau.
Q In this connection, Witness, I shall show you this affidavit, which is Document NO-1566, Exhibit No. 18, as contained in Document Book I. It is on page 118 in the Document Book. In your affidavit you stated the following, namely, "That inmates died is known to me." Did this statement refer to Golleschau?
A No. May I give you a short explanation in this connection, how I wrote that sentence? While I was in Nurnberg, I was interrogated on three occasions and on these occasions, I was asked repeatedly what I knew about the death rates in the concentration camps in general and in Golleschau in particular. There I had to say that the conditions in the concentration camps were not known to me and that I knew of no death cases in Golleschau. That answer can be seen from the records which were taken at the time, the shorthand takes. The affidavit was not drawn up by myself, but, rather, was submitted to me ready for signature. I read it quite carefully sentence by sentence. There was one sentence there that inmates were dying -- "That inmates were starving, were dying was not known to me." In any case, a special term was used there, "perished," I believe, which indicated a mistreatment of the inmates on purpose. I objected to that and on that occasion I also stated, "of course inmates probably did die in the concentration camps," and the interrogator also told me "It is quite natural where so many human beings get together in one concentration camp; for instance, human beings have to die," and I changed that word, "perished" into "died". That is how this sentence came about, which, of course, I will stick to. I just wanted to avoid that a misunderstanding takes place in this connection.
Q Who was responsible for the enterprise At Golleschau?
A The works manager was responsible for the plant and for the inmates it was the camp commander.
Q With reference to Golleschau, what are you going to take the responsibility for, Witness?
A I assume the responsibility for everything I did, I ordered and I omitted out of negligence.
I believe that is a normal deduction Which is very much the same over the world.
Q Did you speak to the camp commanders in Auschwitz?
A No.
Q Did you visit concentration camps?
A No.
Q Were you at the concentration camp of Auschwitz?
A No.
Q Was an affiliated company or agency of Office W-II at Golleschau?
A No.
Q Did you receive any reports that inmates were changing quite rapidly at Golleschau?
A No.
Q Did you receive any reports according to which there were epidemics at Golleschau?
A No.
Q Did you ever hear any complaints in connection with conditions, and I mean by that particularly, the treatment of inmates?
A No.
Q Were you ever in the concentration camp fo Auschwitz, Witness?
A No.
Q In this connection, I would like to show you the affidavit of Bielsky, who was a witness here. This witness on page 327 of the German Document Book stated -- I mean of the German record -- that in June or July, 1943, you visited the gas chambers and the crematory at Auschwitz. Were you in Auschwitz at that time?
A I was never at Auschwitz at that time nor at any other time.
Q Did you ever see the gas chambers and the crematory?
A No, at no time.
Q The Witness Bielsky did not recognize you, that is true, but he did testify that he had heard your name through an Unterscharfuehrer Swoboda.
Do you know a man by the name of Swoboda?
A No.
Q Was there a person by that name at any time employed in the WVHA?
A I couldn't tell you that. I don't know it.
Q Was there such a person with such a name ever employed in any agency under your supervision or companies under your supervision?
A No.
Q Did the description fit, which Bielsky gave about your administration?
A The description, as given by Bielsky, according to my opinion, was quite general. As far as I can still remember that testimony, he said that person he was referring to was large and stout and that person were a high cap and a leather coat. That is a description which applied to thousands of SS officers. According to my opinion, I believe he forgot one essential trait of my personality at that time. I was rather fat at the time. I weighed almost 200 pounds, and that was one thing which sort of place me in the foreground as compared with the other SS officers. I was really somebody you couldn't miss, particularly wearing a uniform. I think it rather striking myself that the witness Bielsky who at the time alleges to have had me pointed out or to have seen me, -- I don't quite see how he didn't recognize these facts. I would like to point out one more thing, namely, Bielsky spoke of an Obersturmbannfuehrer. In the month of June, 1943, I was only a Sturmbannfuehrer. It was only in the Month of November, 1943, that I became an Obersturmbannfuehrer. Finally there was one more thing he disregarded. Due to my stay in Posen for years, outside of Berlin, that is, I was a person completely unknown, in the WVHA Building in Berlin. Only a very few people knew me personally. Very few SS members and civilian employees with which I had to do in my official capacity knew me. However, Bielsky spoke of a rather striking and prominent personality in the house. Thereupon I thought it rather striking that he mentioned me in connection with my first name.
I believe that in the entire WVHA Building there were not even five SS members who knew my first name conscientiously. One always spoke of or mentioned me only in connection with my official rank, or, something which occurred even more often, with my doctor title. For these reasons I have to assume that this must be a misunderstanding and that is putting it very mildly.
Q Witness, can you give us any facts which would show that you were not at all a well known person in the WVHA?
A Officially only a few of my co-defendants know me. I only met two of them here; or even three. I can recall an incident which occurred here in jail where I met an older looking gentleman who asked me, "What are you? Who are you? Where did you come from? What are you doing here?" And I later found out he was an office chief in the WVHA who did not even know me from sight or from hearsay.
Q. Did you know that inmates were being killed in gas chambers at Auschwitz, witness?
A. No.
Q. When did you hear about it for the first time?
A. After the end of the War, through statements and publications of the Occupational Forces.
Q. Now, take another look at your affidavit, witness. In this affidavit you did state "I heard that human beings died in Auschwitz". what did you mean to say about that.
A. At least on one occasion, possibly on two occasions, a large epidemic occurred in Auschwitz. It was during one winter. I believe it was during 1942-43 when the entire area of Auschwitz was declared a locked area. The entire area of Upper Silesia knew about it. In this connection I also heard that members of the family of an SS comrade had died, or part of his relatives had died, of this epidemic. It of course, could be deducted from this fact that large numbers of inmated had died. Officially I never did hear any figures.
Q. How can you explain it, witness, that during your visits to Golleschau you didn't gain knowledge of what was going on or happening in Auschwitz at an earlier date?
A. I don't know who should have told me. I did speak to the camp eldest but during the 10 minutes together with him we discussed official matters in the camp, itself and not outside detachments. That was not a chatting hour or a time to discuss internal matters. I don't know if he know of those things. We were all so busy with questions which dealt with inmates and the factory.
Q. Did you gain any knowledge of the fact that in other camps inmates were being killed.
A. No.
Q. When did you hear about it for the first time?
A. After the end of the War.
Q. Did you during your visit to Golleschau also speak with inmates?
A. Yes.
Q. Whom did you speak with?
A. I spoke with the camp eldest on every occasion who showed me the billets. I spoke with the camp physician on one single occasion who also was an inmate. Also probably spoke to one or another of the inmates once in a while but can't tell you in detail.
Q. Did these inmates tell you about crimes being committed in concentration camps?
A. No.
Q. Did you know that medical experiments were being carried out in concentration camps on inmates?
A. No.
BY JUDGE MUSMANNO:
Q. Dr. Gawlik, just as a matter of information. The inmates at Golleschau would they at any time be sent back to the parent camp at Auschwitz of did they remain there permanently.
A. The inmate detachment was limited to Golleschau all the time. Of course possibly sick inmates were taken back to the concentration camp Auschwitz. I imagine there was a certain change, an interchange amongst the inmates. It also occurred that unfit workers or sick workers were sent back by the camp. People who couldn't possibly do the work from a physical point of view - those workers were sent back to the camp. I assume.
BY DR. GAWLIK:
Q. However, witness, if I understood you correctly, that was the exception Generally sneaking the inmates slept, lived and ate at Golleschau who were being employed there.
A. Yes, that was nothing but the exceptional - only when we interchanged sick persons, unfit workers.
Q. Didn't work at Golleschau and come back in the evening?
A. No, They lived constantly at Golleschau.
Q. Did you know that medical experiments were being carried out on inmated in concentration camps?
A. No.
Q. When did you hear about that for the first time?
A. By the IMT trail.
Q. Did you know Dr. Vaernet?
A. No.
Q. Did you at any time hear his name?
Q. No.
Q. Did you knew that a special action was going on in the concentration camps, namely the Euthanasia program of the Germany Reich under action 14F13?
A. No.
Q. Did you have any knowledge whatsoever about Euthanasia Program of the German Reich.
A. No.
Q. I shall now deal with a different point, namely the Reinhardt action. In order to explain my questions quite clearly I would like to direct the Tribunal's attention to the introduction of statements made by the Prosecution according to which Dr. Boberman knew of those horrible things going on and also participated in them. It is on page 58 and 91 and 110 of the German record which statement is given by the Prosecution.
Did you in any way participate in the deportation of Jews which according to the Prosecution's contention is said to have taken place within the framework of the Reinhardt action?
A. No.
Q. Did you have knowledge of those things, namely, that such measures were being carried out under that name.
A. No.
Q. Did you in any way participate in exploitation of Jewish labor or Jewish industry.
A. No.
Q. Did you have any knowledge about it, that under the term Reinhardt action such measures were being taken?
A. No.
Q. Did you in any way participate in seizing property from the Jews?
A. No.
Q. Did you have knowledge of the fact that under the term Reinhardt action such measures were being made?
A. No.
Q. Where did the funds come from the plants which were subordinated to the Office will which were in charge of?
A. I received money for the largest part from the German Reich. That is to say, the Reich Finance Ministry and several other Reich Agencies. And, in smaller parts I received credit from the Dresdner Bank, Swiss Bank and the DWB furnished the Capital.
Q. What were the amounts of the credits which you received from the Reich Finance Ministry, Dresdner Bank, Swiss Bank Union.
A. The main credit of Reich Finance Ministry amounted to 20 million Reichmarks the credit from the Dresdner Bank from 1940 to 1941 amounted to approximately 7 to 3 million Reichmarks. I have no figures about the entire total number of other enterprises which received Reich funds and I imagine those things amounted to several million marks.
Q. Were the funds as put at your disposal by those agencies sufficient or did you have any financial difficulties in your enterprise?
A. I was not in any financial distress. The amounts of money which I received and credits which were granted me by the banks were definitely sufficient in order to enable me to carry out the tasks put to me. In the Eastern German Construction Material Company the funds, which I kept entirely separate from the other funds, I was able to employ or use or invest several million marks in the winter months because I didn't need that money. My bank connections gave me a personal credit which credit I didn't use to its full extent later on. And I know, for instance, the bank director with whom I had to deal directly in 1942 or 1943 repeatedly told me that he would gladly give me additional credit as he did in 1940 and 41.
It might seem of importance that the credit which was given me by the Swiss Bank was given me without my having asked for it and only in connection with the purchase of the Golleschau shares. As the terms were rather good I accepted the credit although at the time I didn't have any immediate need for the money. The affiliating companies of the Dresdner Bank also gave me every reasonable credit I asked for. I worked together with the czech Shisnowtschenka Bank in Prague which also placed Certain funds at the disposal of the German Construction Material Company.
Q. Did your local garrison administration in Lublin also belong to the Reich Administration and Reich Agencies?
A. Yes.
Q. What is a garrison administration?
A. It was responsible to supply troops with billeting equipment, money and hospitals. That is how in Lublin also within which area the SS troops were going through rehabilitation course. Such local administration was set up in other words this was part of the army Administration.
THE PRESIDENT: Recess until Monday at 0930.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal will be in recess until 0930 Monday morning.