I cannot reproach myself for having omitted any medical precautions which could be required. I have a quite clear conscience in this respect. I carried the experiment out with the seriousness and the scientific thoroughness which I had learned in my many years of university training, and at the moment when I stood behind this barbed wire for the first time I did not change basically and leave my former attitude and my former character outside; and that we really tried to do our best in these experiments Professor Ivy admitted later when he looked at the records of my experiments. He said, "You have made great efforts but you selected the wrong experimental subjects." It was not I who selected them. I was convinced from the beginning that it was an unfortunate choice but I was not capable, in spite of all the attempts which I made, to change this fact.
Q: Your Honors, the next document which I should like to submit is Exhibit No. 18, as Document No. 11, from Document Book i, page 25. This is an original letter from the defendant to his mother, written in Dachau on the 12 September, 1944. I shall read merely the first paragraph: "Dearest Mother:
Many thanks for your dear letter. I am sorry that lately I have been able to give you only occasional brief signs of life, as the mad rush to which we are subjected here did not permit of more. By and by also this job is coming to an end and I am not sorry about it. The results of my work are only fair. I had not planned it so but only carried out orders. I hope that I shall soon be able to return to my former office where I enjoyed the work much more."
MR. HARDY: This is document No. 11, Your Honors. I do not have that in my index.
THE PRESIDENT: It is not included in our index either.
MR. HARDY: Yes it is on page 25. I have found it.
THE PRESIDENT: It is in the document book on page 25.
BY DR. STEINBAUER:
Q: I want to ask you something. You said your work was only fair. What do you mean by that?
A: I had already evaluated most of the experiments at that time. We had seen that about two-thirds of the work had been in vain because it was quite clear that these people had some water and all of the work was in vain and what I had originally thought about the retention of salt was a mistake, that is, the results were relatively slight, in no proportion to the amount of work itself.
Q: The next document which I submit will be Exhibit No. 19, from Document Book I, Document 10, page 23. It is also a letter from the defendant to his parents in law from Dachau, 12 August 1944. I offer this letter on the question of the order and the voluntary approval. It reads: "Dear Ma and Pa;
After a very considerable delay I received your dear letter and the cigarettes for which I thank you very much.
This delay was due to my stupid transfer here, they sent on my mail only after I had finally 'settled down' and could give my unit my new address."
I shall skip the rest of the paragraph and read from the bottom of the page.
"Since 1 July I have been roaming about in the district and have wasted exactly one month at this time. Now after great toil and trouble and after enough vexation to last for more than a year I have set up shop there and can at last conduct the examinations which an unkind fate has sent me here. My feelings are those of Pontius only it nattered loss to him than to me.
"I shall probably hang around here until the beginning of September. Then, unless a bomb drops shortly before completion, ruining all my work and efforts, I hope to have finished and to say goodbye to this generally unpleasant place. Anyhow, the moment I board the train at Dachau railway station will count as one of the nicest and never to be forgotten of my life."
And then the last sentence:
"However, grumbling does not help."
Now I offer the Massion document, which I handed to the Tribunal today, the chart, it is in the second book, No. 31, page 113 to 116.
THE PRESIDENT: Has that not already been admitted as defendant Beiglboeck exhibit 12?
DR. STEINBAUER: Yes, that is the same document. Before I was just offering the chart and now I want to offer the document to make the Tribunal acquainted with the whole plan of the experiments. It is on page 113:
"I, the undersigned --"
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel, I see no reason why they cannot be both admitted as Beiglboeck Exhibit No. 12, and treated as one document.
DR. STEINBAUER: Yes, I merely want to read it now. I did not read it before.
THE PRESIDENT: I understood you to say you were offering the document. Just proceed with reading it.
DR. STEINBAUER: I am merely reading it now:
"I, the undersigned, Walther Massion, have been cautioned that I am liable to punishment if I make a false affidavit."
I shall leave out the formal parts:
"I wish to state the following:
"I worked with Dr. Seiglboeck from 25 July until about 20 September 1944. I had been ordered there. On commencing my duties I discovered the salt water experiments were concerned. I myself was not always present as I frequently had to travel as a courier.
"To the best of my belief the plan of the prisoners quarters at the Dachau camp is correct. I have signed it with my name.
"The experiments were made on about 40 persons. The color of the chevrons worn by them was black, as far as I can recall.
"Whether these experimental subjects had been sentenced or whether they had volunteered, I do not know. The prisoners were subjected to a thorough examination before the experiments were started. They were quartered in a large room with some single beds and some tiered bunks.
"Before beginning the experiment the experimental subjects were given the same food as supplied to the flying personnel of the Luftwaffe, that is to say, a very nutritious diet of sardines, cheese, butter, milk, meat, etc.
"During the experiment 4 persons assigned to the thirst group received no food whatsoever. The others received sea-emergency rations, with chocolate choco-cola, etc.
"The experiments were controlled by a night shift consisting of medical non coms and prisoners who were medical students. These medical students lived in a small room adjoining the ward room. I took part in this night shift on three occasions. We were ordered to call Dr. Beiglboeck in the event of any special developments.
"In addition, doctors who were prisoners were called upon to act as specialists, who were treated by Dr. Beiglboeck as fully qualified exports.
"I remember two cases where infusions were made because the experimental subjects had had a peripherial collapse. After the infusion these people recovered immediately. I know also that the experimental subjects became extremely apathetic and somnolent. Nothing is known to me of brain-storm attacks, although I do know that in the two cases quoted the persons whimpered. I never observed any cases of hysteria.
"I have no knowledge of any deaths occurring during these experiments. I would have known had there been any such case.
"The experiments lasted 4 to 6 days as far as I can recall. The experimental period was longer for those experimental subjects who received water treated by the Schaefer method and was finally broken off without any special reason. The persons treated by the Schaefer method suffered no complaints, as far as I know. No diarrhea occurred during the experiments to my knowledge. In the beginning stool specimens were sent to a medical institute in Vienna, later this was stopped, possibly because it was unnecessary.
"During the experiments blood was taken from the experimental subjects in the morning. I assume that it was. 10 cubic centimeters. I myself forwarded only the blood which had passed through the centrifuge and which was small in volume.
"At the conclusion of the experiment the final report was dictated to me, and from this I know that none of the experimental subjects died. The report stated that no lasting ill efficts to health remained.
"Dr. Beiglboeck treated the prisoners as humanly as ordinary patients. He was rough to them"-
The German word is "grob", and a better translation would be rude.
"He was rude to them only when they obtained drinking water contrary to orders. I know definitely that none of the experimental subjects were turned over to the SS for punishment because of any offenses.
"I am aware that Dr. Beiglboeck used his influence on behalf of two prisoner medical students, to ease their conditions.
"The experimental room was located within the camp, but was otherwise not connected with the rest of the camp.
No SS doctors took part in the treatment. At first we were only allowed to enter the camp accompanied by an SS official, later we were allowed to enter unaccompanied but were forbidden to go into any part of the came outside of our rooms. To my knowledge Dr. Beiglboeck had no connection with the SS doctors, he only dealt with the junior physician (Unterarzt) of the troop-training camp of the Waffen SS from whom he obtained his medicines.
"The doctors taking part in the experiments ate only at first for about a week at the SS canteen and later at a restuarant. The concentration camp made an orderly and organized impression, we noticed nothing of cruelties which later became known.
"I know that on one occasion difficulties arose in the Good supply which possibly were connected with an airraid. I was turn sent to Frankfurt with the urgent order to obtain sea emergency rations there.
"The signature of Walter Massion made before me, Attorney at Law, Dr. Robert Servatius, representative of the defendant, Karl Brandt, as representative of the Attorney at Law, Steinbauer, representative of the defendant, Professor Beigleboeck, is hereby certified."
The next document which I should like to offer is the affidavit of Dr. Karl Lesse. This is document Book I, page 32, and will be Exhibit No. 20. It is a very long document. I shall, therefore, read merely excerpts from it, containing the most important points.
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel it is now time for the Tribunal to recess. You may read such portions of the document as you desire in the morning.
The Tribunal will now be in recess until nine-thirty o'clock in the morning.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal will be in recess until 0930 o'clock in the morning.
(The Tribunal adjourned until 0930 hours 10 June 1947)
Official Transcript of the American Military Tribunal in the matter of the United States of America, against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany on 10 June 1947, 0930, Justice Beals presiding.
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the Courtroom will please find their seats.
The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal I.
Military Tribunal I is now in session. God save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal.
There will be order in the Courtroom.
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Marshal, you ascertain if the defendants are all present in Court.
THE MARSHAL: May it please Your Honor, all the defendants are present in the Court.
THE PRESIDENT: The Secretary-General will note for the record the presence of all the defendants in Court.
Counsel may proceed.
DR. WILHELM BEIGLBOECK - Resumed
DIRECT EXAMINATION (Continued) DR. STEINBAUER (Counsel for the Defendant Beiglboeck): Your Honors, yesterday I stopped with Exhibit 20, the affidavit of Dr. Karl Theodor Lesse, one of the doctors involved in the investigations in the sea water experiments. It is in Document Book 1, Document 14, on page 33. The document includes 82 questions. In order to save time I shall read merely the most important points:
1.) What was Beiglboeck's attitude towards the set up?
A.) His opinion was that there was no necessity to carry out these experiments at Dachau, since they could have been carried out easier and better in any military or civilian hospital.
2.) Did an SS-officer also tell us in Dachau that application to participate in the experiments was voluntary, and that in exchange privileges were granted to the prisoners?
Did Dr. Beiglboeck speak up for the experimental subjects on this occasion and did he recommend the release of some of them?
Do you remember that when replacements were needed after the preliminary examinations some people from Dachau volunteered spontaneously, that one of them, a gypgy from Munich, former hotelemployee, who had an "escape point" even tried terribly hard to be admitted?
Did Dr. B. succeed in getting special permission for the removal of the "escape point" at the end of the experiments?
A.) Dr. Ploetner said that the applications were voluntary. As far as I remember even release was promised in exchange. B. repeatedly spoke up for the prisoners. I can not say anything about the last question.
3.) Were there any deaths?
A.) No.
4.) Were all provisions made for careful medical attention for the experimental subjects and was such attention in fact given?
Was there a regular nights service in operation?
Who was on duty?
Was there an order to the effect that in special cases B. was to be called, even at night? Did B. go every night, mostly between 2300 and 2400 hours, to the experiment room to check the well-being of the experimental subjects? Was he also called twice in one night and did he then effect an interruption of the experiments?
A.) Yes. Night duties were taken care of by medical students. B. himself made a late inspection every night. He had to be kept informed. I can not say anything about the last question.
5.) Did he succeed in getting the medical students, who were assigned to him, transferred to the infirmary upon their own request at the end of the experiments?
A.) Yes.
6.) At the end of the experiments, was there a thorough postexperimental examination and what were its results?
A.) Yes. According to Beiglboeck's reports no injury was found.
7.) Did B. at any time hand an experimental subject over to the SS for punishment or "softening up"?
A) No.
9.) What was his attitude to the prisoners in general?
A.) Very humane and benevolent.
12.) What was the physical condition of those gypsies who were used for the experiments?
13.) Did B. reject immediately at the beginning those who lock unfit?
A.) to 12 and 13.) The experimental subjects were given a thorough internal examination by B. and several, who were not quite healthy, were rejected.
14.) Do you remember that then, after X-raying 2 cases were found among the rest with new but already decaying tubercular affections of the lungs? Were all the experimental subjects X-rayed?
A.) They were all X-rayed, I know nothing about the results.
16.) Who, according to your observations, treated the inmates in the camp infirmary?
A.) Doctors who were inmates themselves.
21.) What was the attitude of the SS towards us?
A,) Nearly always arrogant and unfriendly.
25.) Were we told anything about Rascher's experiments? Could we go and look into Schillings ward?
A.) No. b.) No.
32.) Was everything always ready in the sick room or the adjoining room for an interruption of the experiment? What?
A.) Yes. Sterile fluids for injection. Heart and circulation drugs.
34.) Why was the Yugoslav medical student, originally detailed for night duty removed from the ward? What happened to him?
A.) He was unreliable, fell asleep. I don't know what happened to him.
35.) Was it at B.'s instigation that the other medical students were quartered during the night in the adjoining room (next to the experiment room)? For what purpose? Did it have incidental advantages for the students (inmates)?
A.) Yes. To be able to help more quickly. In this way they got better food.
35.) Do you remember Dr. B. telling you that he first tested the Berka system on himself?
A.) Yes.
41.) What was the effect of the intravenous injection of Fluid?
A) Beigleboeck reported an immediate quenching of the thirst and improvement of the condition.
44.) Did Beiglboeck inform the gipsies about the purpose. course and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the experiments, simultaneously assuring them that he would conduct the experiments in such a way as not to cause permanent injury?
Thereupon did they bind themselves also to carry out the experiments honestly?
A to a and b) Yes.
45.) Do you remember that B. appointed the oldest gipsy as a confidential man who had to report all wishes, requests and complaints, and who also all had permanent orders from and beigleboeck to influence those who did not behave in a disciplined manner.
A) Yes.
46.) After the experiment were flying personnel rations given out?
A) Yes.
47.) Do you remember that there were sometimes difficulties in the supply of same? Of what kind and why?
Do you remember that while we were there this airbase was bombed and the food store was hit?
A) Yes, because it came from the Schleissheim airbase. A check sometimes showed deficits which had to be delivered afterwards.
60.) Was Beiglboeck supported in his experiments by the SS?
A) No.
61.) a) Were the experiments carried out in two groups, i.e. when one section of the experimental subjects was being experimented upon, were the others not yet or no longer included?
b) How were the groups divided?
c) Could the experimental subjects who were not being experimented upon go out and walk in the courtyard?
d) Was it always the same courtyard?
e) Could those, who were cut walking talk through the windows to inmates in other barracks without supervision?
A) a) Yes.
b) approximately into equal numbers.
c) Yes.
d) Yes.
e) Presumably.
62.) Where was the one group given food and drink while the other was being experimented upon? Reason for this measure?
A) Always separately, to spare the others the sight.
64.) Were we in possession of an exact chemical and bacteriological analysis of the sea water which was used?
A) Yes.
65.) Were cigarettes distributed after completion of the experiments?
A) Yes.
Did we have difficulties in obtaining them?
A) No.
68.) Did Beiglboeck request:
a) that the experimental subjects should remain afterwards at least for a week in the hospital?
b) that they should be on light duty for sometime?
c) that they really receive the concessions promised to them.
d) that Beiglboeck be informed if any of them show any after-effects (Ploetner).
A) Such requests were made and also granted.
73.) What was the shipwreck diet like?
How was it packed? Where did it come from? Who delivered it?
A) In the original cases packed by the producers. Contained biscuits, chocolate, dextrose, cigarettes, soda water.
74.) How much blood was taken daily?
A) It varied between 5 and 10 cc.
75.) Did you observe any fits of raving madness? What other nervous symptoms did you see?
A) No. B. reported a general exaggeration of the reflexes.
77.) Did high temperatures arise during the experiments? Do you consider it possible that cases of "fever delirium" occurred?
A) Boiglboeck never reported "fever delirium."
82.) Did we have a lot to do or could we arrange to have "free time"?
A) We had an extraordinarily large amount of work. We usually worked until late at night. This applied also to Beiglboeck. We came up against many technical difficulties.
DR. STEINBAUER: As the next exhibit, I submit the affidavit of Fritz Pillwein of the 5th of May 1947, Document Book II, Document 32, on page 117 to 124, and I assign exhibit No. 21 to it.
THE PRESIDENT: The last exhibit from which you read, what is the exhibit number from which you read in your document book I, the answer to the interrogatory.
DR. STEINBAUER: That was Exhibit 20, the Pillwein affidavit will be 21. I must read all of this document because the prosecution examined this witness too.
AFFIDAVIT I, Fritz Pillwein, student, born 11 May 1919 in Vienna, Austria citizen, resident in Vienna - III, Baumgasse 31, herewith state in lieu of an oath that my following statement is truthful and that it was made to be submitted as evidence to Military Tribunal I at the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg, Germany.
First of all I have been duly advised that I should render myself liable to punishment if I were to give a false affidavit.
As to the facts I state the following:
1) Question:
How and why did you come into the concentration camp?
Answer:
I took part in the Spanish civil war on the Republican side from 1937 to February 1939, was then sent to a French camp and was transferred in 1941 by the German occupation forces to the concentration camp Dachau, where I remained until the liberation by the Americans in April 1945.
2) Question:
How did you come to the sea-water experiments in the concentration camp?
Answer:
Since 1943 I was employed in the dispensary as male nurse, and in summer 1944 I received the order from the dispensary police Cape, to go to station 1/1 for the purpose of relieving there a male nurse called Max. This man had been employed as male nurse for about 8 days in the sea-water experiments. The gypsies had a quarrel with him before the beginning of the actual experiments regarding the distribution of food and asserted that he had beaten them, which he denied. The director of the experiments was Dr. Beiglboeck who after being informed of the incident demanded the dismissal of Max and who also gave me the strict order to treat the gypsies decently, whereupon I answered that that went without saying.
3) What do you know about the experimental subjects?
Answer:
44 men were used for the experiments, and I recognize some of them among the pictures shown to me by the defense. These persons were in a good state of health when the experiment was started, because I saw myself that they all were examined thoroughly by Dr. Beiglboeck for their suitability.
4) What do you know about the citizenship of the experimental subjects?
Answer:
I have stated to the Vienna State Police that the experimental subjects were of the most varied nationalities. After having been confronted with the list of names and the fact that these names also appear in the Register of Gypsies living in Germany, I can state the following:
The experimental subjects in most cases spoke their gypsy dialect. Many of them were obviously of Slavic origin. I did not see Identification pagers, however, as this was quite impossible in a concentration camp and as I did not ask them anything pertaining thereto. I therefore cannot make any exact statement regarding the nationality of the individual gypsies.
DR. STEINBAUER: There must be a mistake in the document book, here; in my opinion, it should say "Citizenship".
THE PRESIDENT: I am asking the interpretors their idea concerning the translation of the word which is translated as "nationality" in the affidavit which Dr. Steinbauer translated as citizenship.
VON SCHOEN: Your Honor, we believe that "citizenship" would be a better translation.
THE PRESIDENT: I would ask counsel for the prosecution if he desires any further study or investigation as to the translation of this word.
MR. HARDY: Your Honor, I request that it be taken as stated by the interpretor without prejudice to the prosecution and with a right to bring the matter up later, if necessary.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well, counsel may proceed.
DR. STEINBAUER: "I did not ask then, because the gypsies were very primitive people, and some of them did not even know their own birthdays. I know that they were allowed to receive parcels from their relatives just like the other inamtes of the concentration camp. Of course, during the experiments they did not receive any. It is true that one of these experimental subjects served in the Wehrmacht for two years. All the gypsies wore the black patch given to asocial persons. When mot being used in an experiment they were in the court yard where they were also photographed.
"5) Were the inmates volunteers?
"Answer:
"I know for certain that two inmates volunteered because they were inmates of Dachau and German gypsies, who by participation in the experiment were released from the so-called punishment company. That the other inmates, too, were volunteers I conclude from the fact that Beiglboeck was very angry when he discovered that some of them had drunk water and that he reproached the gypsies for first volunteering for the experiments and then not obeying the instructions during the experiment. The gypsies came from other camps, some of them coming from Auschwitz; they arrived together in a transport from Buchenwald, where some Buchenwald inmates joined them, and they were then transported to Dachau. From the Dachau camp itself only 3 replacements were selected. I am of the opinion that there were no concentration camp "volunteers", even if they were induced by promises to volunteer for the experiment in order to improve somewhat their miserable lot. I, who had shared in the sufferings in the concentration camps for years, came to this conclusion, but it is quite possible, however, that Beiglboeck, who was not acquainted with concentration camp conditions, had the impression that they were genuine volunteers.
"6) How did Beiglboeck treat the inmates?
"Answer:
"Beiglboeck treated the patients well, which was a striking contrast to the treatment which we inmates received from the SS. Beiglboeck only became very angry when the gypsies had lied to him regarding the drinking of water and when he found out about it from the blood test. He used his influence to have the patch removed from Taubmann and his friend, another German gypsy. He also saw to it that the French physicians were transferred from the laborers' barracks to the dispensary personnel. He also obtained for me permission to wear a military hair cut. To those persons who submitted gracefully to the experiments he premised cigarettes and distributed them, too.
"7) What was the accommodation like?
"Answer:
"It was my task to accommodate the people and, according to their state of health they slept in clean single beds or double bunks.
"8) Where did Beiglboeck and the internee doctors reside?
"Answer:
"Beigleboeck slept away from the prison camp, and during most of the day he was present in the ward. The staff in charge of the prisoners had their own staff dormitory and the physicians slept in an anteroom attached to the sick room, so as to be on call if required.
"9) What sort of food did the experimental subjects receive?
"Answer:
"Under the male nurse Max they received the so-called Luftwaffe food before the experiment. During the first four days of the experiment they recieved sea-rescue emergency rations and then nothing until the end of the experiment. Afterwards they received first skimmed milk, then slops, then a special diet and finally again normal camp food. Once when the food supply from the Luftwaffe was interrupted, there arose differences between the camp administration and Beiglboeck because the camp administration refused to supply this Luftwaffe food to the prisoners as had been promised at the expense cf the SS camp.
"10) And now We come to the main question. Were there any cases of death as a result of the experiments?
I remind you of your oath.
"Answer:
"No. I should regard it as a betrayal of my comrades and should be ashamed of myself if I were not to answer this important question absolutely truthfully.
"Good.
"But I must remind you of the testimony of the witness Josef Tschofenig, document No. NO 911, Exhibit No. 139, and the testimony of witness August Vieweg, records, page 471. You yourself have looked at these documents. Tschofenig now says that saline injections etc led to unconsciousness and death. And Vieweg says: I have twice or three times seen coffins being carried in the direction of the death chamber.
"Answer:
"Both witnesses are personally well known to me and I believe I am justified in presuming that neither of them has maliciously given a false and contradictory testimony. In the camp there was a widely spread whispering campaign in which now and then the most absurd rumors were circulated. Neither Tschofenig nor Vieweg were directly involved in the experiments and therefore cannot state anything from their own observations. My Viennese compatriot Vorlicek, who was with me in the ward as assistant male nurse would also confirm my statement. With regard to Vieweg's testimony I would state the following: Through the main corridor of the Prison Hospital, past the door of our experimnental ward 1/1, the dead were carried to the death chamber from all the blocks in the rear of the Prison Hospital. They were on stretchers, covered with a sheet or balnket (see sketch). Vieweg must have erroneously presumed that the dead were from our ward.
"11) Did Deiglboeck hand over gypsies to the SS for liquidation for so-called brawling?
Answer:
"No.
"12) Were gypsies brought to the regular Prison Hispital to disguise the fact that deaths occurred?
"Answer:
"One gypsy was brought to the general sick bay in block III, room 2, where a comrade of mine, by the name of Franz York, was employed as male nurse. I am sure he would have told me if this gypsy had died.
"13) Was there any connection between the experiments with sea water and the experiments of Dr. Rascher or the malaria experiments made by Dr. Schilling?
"Answer:
"I have never seen Rascher nor Schilling in our ward block 1/1. Otherwise I can say nothing about it.
"14) Did you have any incidents such as attacks of raving madness or hunger riots, etc?
"Answer:
"There were no hunger riots or attacks or raving madness. I remember one incident when somebody had a screaming fit; he was bound with straps or sheets to the bed and was thereafter withdrawn from the experiment. I know nothing about tying them with straps as punishment. The people suffered greatly from thirst as well as from hunger and tried all kinds of ways to obtain water especially. My comrades and I turned a blind eye at such times.
"15) Who made the blood tests?"
This translation is not correct. It is, "Who took the blood samples?" That would be a better translation.
THE PRESIDENT: I would ask the opinion cf the interpeters as to the translation.
THE INTERRETER: Yes, your Honor, "who took the blood samples from the patients" would be the correct translation.
THE PRESIDENT: Does counsel for Prosecution have anything to suggest to this translation?
MR. HARDY: I have no objection to it, your Honor. I can't see the difference either between this one and the other one.
THE PRESIDENT: Proceed, counsel.
"Answer:
"In most cases Beiglboeck himself or a French internee doctor under his supervision.
"16) What do you know about the duration of the tests?
"Answers:
"As to the exact time of the individual groups I have forgotten the actual details. However, as far as I remember, the longest was 12 days.
"17) What do you know about the loss in weight?
"Answer:
"As a male nurse I had to supervise the daily wieghing and I know that the patients lost up to one kilogram daily. I would like to mention here in general that I can no longer remember exact details of kilograms and decagrams. The notes shown to me are those made by the internee doctors. I made the temperature curves on instructions from Prof. Beiglboeck. One of the medical orderlies wrote the history of the illness. I am, of course, no doctor and cannot judge the accuracy of the figures mentioned in these books.
"18) How were the experiments concluded?
"Answer:
"They were stopped either by sodium chloride injections or by giving water, milk, mashed food, etc. As already mentioned above the feeling of thirst soon disappeared.
"19) What happened to the experimental subjects after the end of the sea water experiments?
"Answer:
"At the end of the experiment all the experimental subjects were still present and after a few days respite for recovery, were places at the disposal of the labor pool. Beiglboeck asked for several concessions, but I don't know whether they were made, because shortly after the conclusion of the sea water experiments I was posted from Dachau to an branch detail, Fischen/Allgau."