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Trial NMT 9: Einsatzgruppen Case × Language English × Trial Issues Commissar Order and execution of Communists (IMT, NMT 7, 9, 12) × Clear All Filters

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Material	Authors	Date	Type
Document Image NMT 9 Image Affidavit concerning a military-RSHA conference in 1941 on the treatment of Soviet POWs [the commissar order], including some officers' opposition to political executions, the erratic nature of the executions, and the ideological imperative behind the order Affidavit. HLSL Item No.: 250243 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK) Evidence Code: NO-2894 Exhibit Code: Prosecution 228	Erwin Lahousen See more details Erwin Lahousen German general (1897-1955) Born: 1897-10-25 (Vienna) Died: 1955-02-24 (Innsbruck) Country of citizenship: Austria Occupation: military personnel Military rank: generalmajor Educated at: Theresian Military Academy VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/52569726 ISNI: https://isni.org/isni/0000000038728532	17 April 1947	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Matthias Graf, including his membership in the SS and SD, role in einsatzkommando 6 of Einsatzgruppe C, and mass executions of Jews, Communists, and the mentally ill Trial Brief of the Prosecution on Matthias Graf HLSL Item No.: 250249 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	11 February 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Erich Naumann, including his command of Einsatzgruppe B, the execution of Jews, Gypsies, and Communists, membership in the SS and SD, his plea of superior orders, and poor character Trial Brief for the United States of America against Erich Naumann HLSL Item No.: 250251 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Erwin Schulz, including his membership in the Gestapo, SS, and SD, command of einsatzkommando 5, the execution of Jews and Communists, reprisal executions, and the plea of superior orders Trial brief for the United States of America against Erwin Schulz HLSL Item No.: 250252 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	15 January 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Walter Blume, including his command of sonderkommando 7a (Einsatzgruppe B), the execution of Jews, Communists, and others, the plea of superior orders, and membership in the SS, SD, and Gestapo Trial Brief of the Prosecution against Walter Blume HLSL Item No.: 250254 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	16 February 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Martin Sandberger, including his command of sonderkommando 1a (Einsatzgruppe A) and the security police in Estonia, the execution of Jews, Communists, and Gypsies, membership in the SS and SD, and the plea of superior orders Trial Brief of the Prosecution against Martin Sandberger HLSL Item No.: 250255 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	29 January 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Waldemar von Radetzky, including his service in Einsatzgruppen C and B, the execution of Jews, Communists, and the mentally ill, reprisal executions, military-einsatzgruppe cooperation, and membership in the SS and SD Trial Brief of the Prosecution against Waldemar von Radetzky HLSL Item No.: 250259 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	01 February 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Lothar Fendler, including his role in sonderkommando 4b of Einsatzgruppe C, executions of Jews and Communists, military-einsatzgruppe cooperation, and membership in the SS and SD Trial Brief of the Prosecution against Lothar Fendler HLSL Item No.: 250260 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	05 February 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution brief against Werner Braune, including his command of einsatzkommando 11b of Einsatzgruppe D, the execution of Jews, Gypsies, and Communists, military-einsatz cooperation, the issue of superior orders, reprisal killings, and membership in the SS, SD, and Gestapo Closing Brief for the United States of America against Werner Braune HLSL Item No.: 250267 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194 John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available.	January 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Prosecution closing statement against Ohlendorf, et al., including Einsatzgruppen operations, the extermination of Jews, the executions of Jews, Gypsies, Communists, the issue of superior orders, the role of commanders and junior officers, reprisal killings, membership in criminal organizations, and the plea of military justification in total war Case No. 9[.] The United States of America against Ohlendorf, et al, defendants[.] Closing Staement for the United States of America HLSL Item No.: 250269 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Telford Taylor See more details Telford Taylor American lawyer Born: 1908-02-24 (Schenectady) Died: 1998-05-22 1998-05-23 (Manhattan) Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: army officer; historian; lawyer; magistrate Member of: American Academy of Arts and Sciences Participant in: International Military Tribunal (role: prosecutor); subsequent Nuremberg trials (role: general counsel, prosecutor) Military branch: United States Army (military rank: brigadier general) Employer: Columbia Law School (position held: professor); Federal Communications Commission (period: 1940-01-01 through 1942-01-01); Joint Committee on Educational Television (period: 1952-01-01 through 1962-01-01; position held: general counsel); United States Department of Agriculture (period: 1934-01-01 through 1935-01-01) Benjamin B. Ferencz See more details Benjamin B. Ferencz American lawyer and pacifist Born: 1920-03-11 (Ciolt Satu Mare) (country: Kingdom of Hungary; located in the administrative territorial entity: Szatmár County; sourcing circumstances: near) Country of citizenship: United States of America (since: 1933-01-01) Occupation: jurist; lawyer; university teacher Military rank: sergeant Military branch: United States Army (period: 1943-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Employer: Pace University (period: 1985-01-01 through 1996-01-01) Educated at: City College of New York; Harvard Law School VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/97809965 Peter W. Walton See more details Peter W. Walton American lawyer and prosecutor of the second Nuremberg Military Tribunal Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-01-01; role: prosecutor) Significant person: Jack W. Robbins (role: colleague); James M. McHaney (role: colleague); James R. Higgins (role: colleague); Telford Taylor (role: colleague) Residence: Monticello John E. Glancy John E. Glancy Additional details not yet available. Arnost Horlik-Hochwald See more details Arnost Horlik-Hochwald prosecutor of the first Nuremberg Military Tribunal Country of citizenship: Czechoslovakia; United Kingdom (since: 1948-11-05) Occupation: lawyer Participant in: Nuremberg Medical Trial (role: prosecutor) Significant person: James M. McHaney (role: colleague) VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/316566194	13 February 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Tribunal opinion and judgment in Case 9, first part, on the activities of the Einsatzgruppen, including mass murder of Jews, Gypsies, the insane, Communists, and others, plundering, the defense arguments, superior orders, partisan warfare, reprisal killings, criminal organizations, crimes against humanity, and the character of the defendants The United States of America vs Otto Ohlendorf [et al.] . . . Opinion and Judgment Case No. 9 HLSL Item No.: 250270 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Military Tribunal II Military Tribunal II Additional details not yet available. Richard D. Dixon See more details Richard D. Dixon judge in the Nuremberg war crime trials Born: 1888-10-05 (Edenton) Died: 1952-07-26 (Edenton) Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: judge; lawyer Participant in: Milch Trial (role: judge) Educated at: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (period: 1906-01-01 through 1909-01-01) Residence: Edenton VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/157145541838996601829 Michael A. Musmanno See more details Michael A. Musmanno United States admiral (1897-1968) Born: 1897-04-07 (Stowe Township) Died: 1968-10-12 (Pittsburgh) Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: author; judge; lawyer; military officer Member of political party: Republican Party Participant in: Milch Trial (role: judge); Pohl Trial (role: judge) Military rank: admiral Military branch: United States Navy John J. Speight See more details John J. Speight American judge Born: 1900-01-01 Died: 1954-07-24 Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: judge Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-11-03; role: judge)	08 April 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Tribunal opinion and judgment in Case 9, second part, with findings and verdicts on the individual defendants, including Einsatzgruppen operations, mass executions of Jews, Communists, Gypsies, the mentally ill, and others, reprisal killings, the issue of superior orders, membership in criminal organizations, and character evidence Individual Judgments HLSL Item No.: 250271 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Military Tribunal II Military Tribunal II Additional details not yet available. Michael A. Musmanno See more details Michael A. Musmanno United States admiral (1897-1968) Born: 1897-04-07 (Stowe Township) Died: 1968-10-12 (Pittsburgh) Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: author; judge; lawyer; military officer Member of political party: Republican Party Participant in: Milch Trial (role: judge); Pohl Trial (role: judge) Military rank: admiral Military branch: United States Navy Richard D. Dixon See more details Richard D. Dixon judge in the Nuremberg war crime trials Born: 1888-10-05 (Edenton) Died: 1952-07-26 (Edenton) Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: judge; lawyer Participant in: Milch Trial (role: judge) Educated at: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (period: 1906-01-01 through 1909-01-01) Residence: Edenton VIAF ID: https://viaf.org/viaf/157145541838996601829 John J. Speight See more details John J. Speight American judge Born: 1900-01-01 Died: 1954-07-24 Country of citizenship: United States of America Occupation: judge Participant in: Pohl Trial (date: 1947-11-03; role: judge)	09 April 1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Closing argument for the defense of Otto Ohlendorf, including the jurisdiction of the tribunal and international law, superior orders, membership in the SS and SD, his opposition to Nazi policies, the execution of Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and the insane, plundering, the military role of the Einsatzgruppen, the Hitler Order, aspects of Soviet law and conduct, and Ohlendorf's character Final Plea Ohlendorf HLSL Item No.: 250314 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Rudolf Aschenauer See more details Rudolf Aschenauer German jurist Born: 1913-12-21 (Regensburg) Died: 1983-01-28 (Nuremberg) Country of citizenship: German Empire; Nazi Germany; West Germany Occupation: jurist; lawyer Member of political party: Nazi Party (period: 1937-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Member of: Sturmabteilung Participant in: Judges' Trial (role: criminal defense lawyer) Significant person: Hans Petersen (role: client, criminal defense lawyer)	1948	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Affidavit concerning the instructions given to the einsatzkommandos, atrocities committed by Russians, and Schulz's command of the unit Affidavit. HLSL Item No.: 250364 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK) Exhibit Code: Schulz 44	Karl Weber Karl Weber Additional details not yet available.	27 August 1947	Document Image
Document Image NMT 9 Image Brief for the defense of Erwin Schulz, including the prosecution argument and evidence, Einsatzgruppen operations (including executions) and Schulz's role, his membership in criminal organizations, conduct as a security police officer, and the safeguarding of Salzburg at the end of the war Trial Brief for the defendant Erwin Schulz To Court No. II for Case No. 9[.] Subject: Ohlendorf and others. HLSL Item No.: 250446 Source of Text: Case Files/English (US or UK)	Ernst Durchholz See more details Ernst Durchholz German lawyer, Nuremberg defense attorney Born: 1908-01-01 (Aschaffenburg) Occupation: lawyer; prosecutor Member of political party: Nazi Party (period: 1933-01-01 through 1945-01-01) Participant in: Judges' Trial (role: criminal defense lawyer) Significant person: Paul Barnickel (role: client, criminal defense lawyer) Educated at: Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Residence: Nuremberg	15 December 1947	Document Image

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