in and is responsible for the commission of the crimes set forth in Counts One, Two, Three and Four of the Indictment.
ARBEITERPARTEI (COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE SA) "Die Sturmabteilungen der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei (commonly known as the SA)" referred to in the Indictment was a formation of the Nazi Party under the immediate jurisidiction of the Fuehrer, organpolitical soldiers of the Party.
It was one of the earliest formations of the Nazi Party and the original guardian of the National Socialist movement. Founded in 1921 as a voluntary militant formation, it was developed by the Nazi conspirators before their accession to power into a vast private army and utilized for the purpose of creating disorder, and terrorizing and eliminating political opponents. It continued to serve as an instrument for the physical, ideological and military training of Party members and as a reserve for the German armed forces. After the launching of the wars of aggression, referred to in Counts One and Two of the Indictment, the SA not only operated as an organization for military training but provided auxiliary police and security forces in occupied territories, guarded prisoner-of-war camps and concentration camps and supervised and controlled persons forced to labour in Germany and occupied territories. in and is responsible for the commission of the crimes set forth in Counts One, Two, Three and Four of the Indictment.
The "General Staff and High Command of the German Armed Forces" referred to in the Indictment consist of those individuals who between February 1938 and May 1945 were the highest commanders of the Wehrmacht, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Forces. The individuals comprising this group are the persons who held the following appointments;
Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine (Commander in Chief of the Navy) Chef (and, formerly, Chef des Stabes) der Seekriegsleitung (Chief of Naval War Staff) Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres (Commander in Chief of the Army) Chef des Generalstabes des Heeres (Chief of the General Staff of the Army) Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe (Commander in Chief of the Air Force) Chef des Generalstabes der Luftwaffe (Chief of the General Staff of the Air Force) Chef des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces) Chef des Fuehrungstabes des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (Chief of the Operations Staff of the High Command of the Armed Forces) macht (Deputy Chief of the Operations Staff of the High Command of the Armed Forces) level in the German Armed Forces Organization, these persons had a major responsibility for the planning, preparation, initiation and waging of illegal wars as set forth in Counts One and Two of the Indictment and for the War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity involved in the execution of the common plan or conspiracy set forth in Counts Three and Four of the Indictment.
SIR DAVID MAXWELL FYFE:
"APPENDIX C "Charges and Particulars of Violations of International Treaties, Agreements
CHARGE: Violation of the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes signed at The Hague, 29 July 1899.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, by force land arms, on the dates specified in Column 1, invade the territory of the sovereigns specified in Column 2, respectively, without first having attempted to settle its disputes with said sovereigns by pacific means.
CHARGE: Violation of the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of Inter national Disputes signed at The Hague, 18 October 1907.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about the dates specified in Column 1, by force of arms invade the territory of the sovereigns specified in Column 2, respectively, without having first attempted to settle its dispute with said sovereigns by pacific means.
CHARGE: Violation of Hague Convention III Relative to the Opening of Hostilities, signed 18 October 1907.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about the dates specified in Column 1, commence hostilities against the countries specified in Column 2, respectively, without previous warning in the form of a reasoned declaration of war or an ultimatum with conditional declaration of war.
CHARGE: violation of Hague Convention V Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, signed October 18 1907.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about the dates specified in Column 1, by force and arms of its military forces, cross into, invade, and occupy the territories of the sovereigns specified in Column 2, respectively, then and thereby violating the neutrality of said sovereigns.
CHARGE: Violation of the Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany, signed at Versailles, 28 June 1919, known as the Versailles Treaty.
PARTICULARS: (1) In that Germany did, on and after 7 March 1936, maintain and assemble armed forces and maintain and construct military fortifications in the demilitarized zone of the Rhineland in violation of the provisions of Articles 42 to 44 of the Treaty of Versailles.
(2) In that Germany did, on or about 13 March 1938, annex Austria into the German Reich in violation of the provisions of Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles.
(3) In that Germany did, on or about 22 March 1939, incorporate the district of Memel into the German Reich in violation of the provisions of Article 99 of the Treaty of Versailles.
(4) In that Germany did, on or about 1 September 1939, incorporate the Free City of Danzig into the German Reich in violation of the provisions of Article 100 of the Treaty of Versailles.
(5) In that Germany did, on or about 16 March 1939, incorporate the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, formerly part of Czechoslovakia, into the German Reich in violation of the provisions of Article 81 of the Treaty of Versailles.
(6) In that Germany did, at various times in March 1935 and thereafter, repudiate various ports of Part V, Military, Naval and Air Clauses of the Treaty of Versailles, by creating an air force, by use of compulsory military service, by increasing the size of the army beyond treaty limits, and by increasing the size of the navy beyond treaty Limits.
CHARGE: Violation of the Treaty between the United States and Germany Restoring Friendly Relations, signed at Berlin, 25 August 1921.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, at various times in March 1935 and thereafter, repudiate various parts of Part V, Military, Naval and Air Clauses of the Treaty Between the United States and Germany Restoring Friendly Relations by creating an air force, by use of compulsory military service, by increasing the size of the army beyond treaty limits, and by increasing the size of the navy beyond treaty limits.
CHARGE: Violation of the Treaty of Mutual Guarantee between Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Italy, done at Locarno, 16 October 1925.
PARTICULARS: (1) In that Germany did, on or about 7 March 1934, unlawfully send armed forces into the Rhineland demilitarized zone of Germany, in violation of Article I of the Treaty of Mutual Guarantee.
(2) In that Germany did, in or about March 1936, and thereafter, unlawfully maintain armed forces in the Rhineland demilitarized zone of Germany, in violation of Article I of the Treaty of Mutual Guarantee.
(3) In that Germany did, on or about 7 March 1936, and thereafter, unlawfully construct and maintain fortifications in the Rhineland demilitarized zone of Germany, in violation of Article I of the Treaty of Mutual Guarantee.
(4) In that Germany did, on or about 10 May 1940, unlawfully attack and invade Belgium, in violation of Article 2 of the Treat of Mutual Guarantee.
(5) In that Germany did, on or about 10 May 1940, unlawfully attack and invade Belgium, without first having attempted to settle its dispute with Belgium by peaceful means, in violation of article 3 of the Treaty of Mutual Guarantee.
CHARGE: Violation of the Arbitration Treaty between Germany and Czechoslovakia, done at Locarno, 16 October 1925.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about 15 March 1939, unlawfully by duress and threats of military might force Czechoslovakia to deliver the destiny of Czechoslovakia and its inhabitants into the hands of the Fuehrer and Reichschancellor of Germany without having attempted to settle its dispute with Czechoslovakia by peaceful means.
CHARGE: Violation of the Arbitration Convention between Germany and Belgium, done at Locarno, 16 October 1925.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about 10 May 1940, unlawfully attack and invade Belgium without first having attempted to settle its dispute with Belgium by peaceful means.
CHARGE: Violation of the Arbitration Treaty between Germany and Poland, done at Locarno, 16 October 1925.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about 1 September 1939, unlawfully attack and invade Poland without first having attempted to settle its dispute with Poland by peaceful means.
CHARGE: Violation of Convention of Arbitration and Conciliation entered into between Germany and the Netherlands on 20 May 1926.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, and notwithstanding its solemn covenant to settle by peaceful means all disputes of any nature whatever which might arise between it and the Netherlands which were not capable of settlement by diplomacy and which had not been referred by mutual agreement to the Permanent Court of International Justice, did, on or about 10 May 1940, with a Military force, attack, invade, and occupy the Netherlands, thereby violating its neutrality and territorial integrity and destroying its sovereign independence.
XII
CHARGE: Violation of Convention of Arbitration and Conciliation entered into between Germany and Denmark on 2 June 1926.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, and notwithstanding its solemn covenant to settle by peaceful means all disputes of any nature whatever which might arise between it and Denmark which were not capable of settlement by diplomacy and which had not been referred by mutual agreement to the Permanent Court of International Justice, did, on or about 9 April, 1940, with a Military Force, attack, invade, and occupy Denmark, thereby violating its neutrality and territorial integrity and destroying its sovereign independence.
CHARGE: Violation of Treaty between Germany and other Powers providing for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National. Policy, signed at Paris 27 August 1928, known as the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about the dates specified in Column I, with a military force, attack the sovereigns specified in Column 2, respectively, and resort to war against such sovereigns, in violation of its solemn declaration condemning recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, its solemn renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy in its relations with such sovereigns, and its solemn covenant that settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or origin arising between it and such sovereigns should never be sought except by pacific means.
CHARGE: Violation of Treaty of Arbitration and Conciliation entered into between Germany and Luxembourg on 11 September 1929.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, and notwithstanding its solemn covenant to settle by peaceful means all disputes which might arise between it and Luxembourg which were not capable of settlement by diplomacy, did, on or about 10 May 1940, with a military force, attack, invade, and occupy Luxembourg, thereby violating its neutrality and territorial integrity and destroying its sovereign independence.
CHARGE: Violation of the Declaration of Non-Aggression entered into between Germany and Poland on 26 January, 1934.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany proceeding to the application of force for the purpose of reaching a decision did, on or about 1 September 1939, at various places along the German-Polish frontier employ military forces to attack, invade and commit other acts of aggression against Poland.
CHARGE: Violation of German Assurance given on 21 May 1935 that the Inviolability and Integrity of the Federal State of Austria would be Recognized.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany did, on or about 12 March 1938, at various points and places along the German-Austria frontier, with a military force and in violation of its solemn declaration and assurance, invade and annex to Germany the territory of the Federal State of Austria.
CHARGE: Violation of Austro-German Agreement of 11 July 1936.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany during the period from 12 February 1938 to 13 March 1938 did by duress and various aggressive acts, including the use of military force, cause the Federal State of Austria to yield up its sovereignty to the German State in violation of Germany's agreement to recognize the full sovereignty of the Federal State of Austria.
CHARGE: Violation of German Assurances given on 30 January 1937, 28 April 1939, 26 August 1939 and 6 October 1939 to Respect the Neutrality and Territorial Inviolability of the Netherlands.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, and without recourse to peaceful means of settling any considered differences did, on or about 10 May 1940, with a military force and in violation of its solemn assurances, invade, occupy, and attempt to subjugate the sovereign territory of the Netherlands.
CHARGE: Violation of German Assurances given on 30 January 1937, 13 October 1937, 28 April 1939, 26 August 1939, and 6 October 1939 to Respect the Neutrality and Territorial Integrity and Inviolability of Belgium.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, did on or about 10 May 1940, with a military force and in violation of its solemn assurances and declarations, attack, invade, and occupy the sovereign territory of Belgium.
CHARGE: Violation of Assurances given on 11 March 1938 and 26 September 1938 to Czechoslovakia.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, on or about 15 March 1939 did, by establishing a Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under duress and by the threat of force, violate the assurance given on 11 March 1938 to respect the territorial integrity of the Czechoslovak Republic and the assurance given on 26 September 1938 that, if the so-called Sudeten territories were coded to Germany, no further German territorial claims on Czechoslovakia would be made.
CHARGE: Violation of the Munich Agreement and Annexes of 29 September 1938.
PARTICULARS: (1) In that Germany on or about 15 March 1939, did by duress and the threat of military intervention force the Republic of Czechoslovakia to deliver the destiny of the Czech people and country into the hands of the Fuehrer of the German Reich.
(2) In that Germany refused and failed to join in an international guarantee of the new boundaries of the Czechoslovakia state as provided for in Annex No. 1 to the Munich Agreement.
CHARGE: Violation of the Solemn Assurances of Germany given on 3 September 1939, 28 April 1939 and 6 October 1939 that they would not Violate the Independence or Sovereignty of the Kingdom of Norway.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning did, on or about 9 April 1940, with its military and naval forces attack, invade and commit other acts of aggression against the Kingdom of Norway.
CHARGE: Violation of German Assurances given on 28 April 1939 and 26 August 1939 to Respect the Neutrality and Territorial Inviolability of Luxembourg.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany, without warning, and without recourse to peaceful means of settling any considered differences, did, on or about 10 May 1940, with a military force and in violation of the solemn assurances, invade, occupy, and absorb into Germany the sovereign territory of Luxembourg.
CHARGE: Violation of the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and Denmark signed at Berlin 31 May 1939.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany without prior warning, did, on or about 9 April 1940, with its military forces, attack, invade and commit other acts of aggression against the Kingdom of Denmark.
CHARGE: Violation of Treaty of Non-Aggression entered into between Germany and U.S.S.R. on 23 August 1939.
PARTICULARS: (1) In that Germany did, on or about 22 June 1941, employ military forces to attack and commit acts of aggression against the U.S.S.R.
(2) In that Germany without warning or recourse to a friendly exchange of views or arbitration did, on or about 22 June 1941, employ military forces to attack and commit acts of aggression against the U.S.S.R.
CHARGE: Violation of German Assurance given on 6 October 1939 to Respect the Neutrality and Territorial Integrity of Yugoslavia.
PARTICULARS: In that Germany without prior warning did, on or about 6 April 1941, with its military forces "(B") Deportation for Slave Labour and for Other Purposes of the Civilian Populations of and in Occupied Territories.
"During the whole period of the occupation by Germany of both the Western and the Eastern Countries, it was the policy of the German Government and of the German High Command to deport ablebodied citizens from such occupied countries to Germany and to other occupied countries for the purpose of slave labour upon defense works, in factories, and in other tasks connected with the German War effort.
"In pursuance of such policy there were mass deportations from all the Western and Eastern countries for such purposes during the whole period of the occupation.
"Such deportations were contrary to international Conventions, in particular to Article 46 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed, and to Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
"Particulars of deportations, by way of example only and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases are as follows:
"1. From the Western Countries:
"From France the following deportations of persons for political and racial reasons took place -- each of which consisted of from 1,5002,500 deportees:
"Such deportees were subjected to the most barbarous conditions of overcrowding; they were provided with wholly insufficient clothing and were given little or no food for several days.
"The conditions of transport were such that many deportees died in the course of the voyage, for example:
"In one of the wagons of the train which left Campiegne for Buchenwald, on the 17th of September, 1943, 80 men died out of 130;
"On 4th June, 1944, 484 bodies were taken out of the train at Sarrebourg;"In a train which left Compiegne on the 2nd July, 1944, for Dachau, more than 600 dead were found on arrival, i.e., one-third of the total number;"In a train which left Compiegne on the 16th of January, 1944, for Buchenwald, more than 100 men were confined in each wagon, the dead and the wounded being heaped in the last wagon during the voyage;"In April, 1945, of 12,000 internees evacuated from Buchenwald, 4,000 only were still alive when the marching column arrived near Regensburg.
"During the German occupation of Denmark, 5,200 Danish subjects were deported to Germany and there imprisoned in concentration camps and other places.
"In 1942 and thereafter, 6,000 nationals of Luxembourg were deported from their country under deplorable conditions as a result of which many of them perished.
"From Belgium between 1940 and 1944, at least 190,000 civilians were deported to Germany and used as slave labour. Such deportees were subjected to ill treatment and many of them were compelled to work in armament factories.
"From Holland, between 1940 and 1944 nearly half a million civilians were deported to Germany and to other occupied countries.
"(C) MURDER AND ILL-TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR, AND OF OTHER MEMBERS "The Defendants murdered and ill-treated prisoners of war by denying them adequate food, shelter, clothing and medical care and attention; by forcing them to labor in inhumane conditions; by torturing them and subjecting than to inhuman indignities and by killing them.
The German Government and the German High Command imprisoned prisoners of war in various concentration camps, where they were killed and subjected to inhuman treatment by the various methods set forth in paragraph VIII (A). Members of the armed forces of the countries with whom Germany was at war were frequently murdered while in the act of surrendering. These murders and ill-treatment were contrary to International Conventions, particularly Articles 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, and to Articles 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Prisoners of War Convention (Geneva 1929) the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed and to Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
"Particulars by way of example and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases, are as follows:
"I. In the Western Countries:
"French officers who escaped from Oflag X C were handed over to the Gestapo and disappeared; others were murdered by their guards; others sent to concentration camps and exterminated. Among others, the men of Stalag VI C were sent to Buchenwald.
"Frequently prisoners captured on the Western Front were obliged to march to the camps until they completely collapsed. Some of them walked more than 600 kilometers with hardly any food; they marched on for 48 hours running, without being fed; among them a certain number died of exhaustion or of hunger; stragglers were systematically murdered.
"The same crimes have been committed in 1943, 1944 and 1945 when the occupants of the camps were withdrawn before the Allied advance; particularly during the withdrawal of the prisoners of Sagan on February 8th, 1945.
"Bodily punishments were inflicted upon non-commissioned officers and cadets who refused to work. On December 24th, 1943, three French N.C.O.'s were murdered for that motive in Stalag IV A. Many ill treatments were inflicted without motive on other ranks; stabbing with bayonets, striking with rifle-butts and whipping; in Stalag XX B the sick themselves were beaten many times by sentries; in Stalag III B and Stalag III C, worn-out prisoners were murdered or grievously wounded. In military gaols in Graudenz for instance, in reprisal camps as in Rava-Ruska, the food was so insufficient that the men lost more than 15 kilograms in a few weeks. In May, 1942, 1 loaf of bread only was distributed in Rava-Ruska to each group of 35 men.
"Orders were given to transfer French officers in chains to the camp of Mauthausen after they had tried to escape. At their arrival in camp they were murdered, either by shooting, or by gas and their bodies destroyed in the crematorium.
"American prisoners, officers and men, were murdered in Normandy during the summer of 1944 and in the Ardennes in December, 1944. American prisoners were starved, beaten and otherwise mistreated in numerous Stalags in Germany and in the occupied countries, particularly in 1943, 1944 and 1945.
"M. JERTHOFFER: (E) PLUNDER OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROPERTY "The defendants ruthlessly exploited the people and the material resources of the countries they occupied, in order to strengthen the Nazi war machine, to depopulate and impoverish the rest of Europe, to enrich themselves and, their adherents, and to promote German economic supremacy over Europe.
"The Defendants engaged in the following acts and practices, among others:
"1. They degraded the standard of Life of the people of occupied countries "2. They seized raw materials and industrial machinery in all of the "3. In all the occupied countries, in varying degrees, they confiscated "4. In an attempt to give color of legality to illegal acquisitions of "voluntary" and "legal" transfers.
"5. They established comprehensive controls over the economies of all of "6. By a variety of financial mechanisms, they despoiled all of the occupied local currency systems and disrupted the local economies.
They financed by which they exacted loans from the occupied countries.
They imposed exacted financial contributions, and issued occupation currency, far in excess of occupation costs.
They used these excess funds to finance the purchase of business properties and supplies in the occupied countries.
"7. They abrogated the rights of the local populations in the occupied portions of the USSR and in Poland and in other countries to develop or manage agricultural and industrial properties, and reserved this area for exclusive settlement, development, and ownership by Germans and their so-called racial brethern.
"8. In further development of their plan of criminal exploitation, they destroyed industrial cities, cultural monuments, scientific institutions, and property of all types in the occupied territories to eliminate the possibility of competition with Germany.
"9. From their program of terror, slavery, spoilation and organized outrage, the Nazi conspirators created an instrument for the personal profit and aggrandizement of themselves and their adherents. They secured for themselves and their adherents (a) Positions in administration of business involving power, influence, and lucrative prerequisites.
(b) The use of cheap forced labor.
(c) The acquisition on advantageous terms of foreign properties, business interests, and raw materials.
(d) The basis for the industrial supremacy of Germany.
"These acts were contrary to International Conventions; particularly Articles 46 to 56 inclusive of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed and to Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
"Particulars (by way of example and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases) are as follows:
"1. Western Countries:
"There was plundered from the Western Countries from 1940 to 1944, works of art, artistic objects, pictures, plastics, furniture, textiles, antique pieces and similar articles of enormous value to the number of 21,903.
"In France statistics show the following:
"Removal of Raw Materials. Coal................................................... 63,000,000 tons Electric Energy........................................ 20,976 Mkwh Petrol and fuel........................................ 1,943,750 tons Iron ore............................................... 74,848,000 tons Siderurigcal products.................................. 3,822,000 tons Bauxite................................................ 1,211,800 tons Cement................................................. 5,984,000 tons Lime................................................... 1,888,000 tons Quarry Products........................................ 25,872,000 tons and various other products to a total value of 79,961,423,000 francs.
"Removal of Industrial Equipment. Total: 9,759,861,000 francs, of which 2,626,479,000 francs of Machine Tools.
"Removal of Agricultural Produce. Total: 126,655,352,000 francs. i.e., for the principal, products - Wheat.............. 2,947,337 tons Oats.
.............. 2,354,080 tons Milk.
............ 790,000 heololitres Milk (concentrated and in powder) . . . 460,000 hectolitres Butter . . . 76,000 tons Cheese . . . 49,000 tons Potatoes . . 725,975 tons Various vegetables . . . 575,000 tons Wine . . . 7,647,000 hectolitres Champagne . . . 87,000,000 bottles Beer . . . 3,821,520 hectolitres Various kinds of alcohol 1,830,000 " "Removal of Manufactured Products to a total of 184,640,000,000 francs "Plundering Francs:
257,020,074,000 from private enterprise Francs: 55,000,100,000 from the state "Financial Exploitation "From June 1940 to September 1944 the French Treasury was compelled to pay to Germany 631,866,000,000 francs.
"Looting and Destruction of Works of Art "The museums of Nantes, Nancy, Old-Marseiles were looted.
"Private collections of great value were stolen. In this way, Raphaels, Vermeers, Van Dycks and works of Rubens, Holbein, Rembrandt, Watteau, Boucher disappeared. Germany compelled France to deliver up 'The Mystic Lamb' by Van Eyck, which Belgium had entrusted to her.
"In Norway and other occupied countries decrees were made by which the property of many civilians, societies, etc., was confiscated. An immense amount of property of every kind was plundered from France, Belgium, Norway, Holland and Luxemburg.
"As a result of the economic plundering of Belgium between 1940 and 1944 the damage suffered amounted to 175 billions of Belgian francs.
" (F) THE EXACTION OF COLLECTIVE PENALTIES "The Germans pursued a systematic policy of inflicting, in all the occupied countries, collective penalties, pecuniary and otherwise, upon the population for acts of individuals for which it could not be regarded as collectively responsible; this was done at many places, including Oslo, Stavanger, Trondheim and Rogaland.
"Similar instances occurred in France, among others in Dijon, Nantes and as regards the Jewish population in the occupied territories. The total amount of fines imposed on French communities add up to 1,157,179,484 francs made up as follows:
A fine on the Jewish population ....... 1,000,000,000 Various fines ......................... 157,179,484 "These acts violated Article 50, Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed and Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
" (G) WANTON DESTRUCTION OF CITIES, TOWNS AND
MILITARY NECESSITY."
"The Defendants wantonly destroyed cities, towns, and villages and committed other acts of devastation without military justification or necessity. These acts violated Articles 46 and 50 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were committed and Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
"Particulars by way of example only and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases, are as follows: