.." extending the system of forced labour later acquired such magnitude that on March 21, 1942,there was issued by Hitler a decree creating a special department to be headed by the Defendant Sauckel, who greatly developed these activities. already been covered by our American, English and French colleagues. especially apparent in the role which was played in this field both by the Fascist party itself and by the entire Government machine of the Fascist state. this. I present to the Tribunal as Exhibit USSR-365 a printed edition entitled "The Report on the Four-Year Plan", by the "General Plenipotentiary for the Utilization of Manpower." This document is on page 101 of the Document Book. This document is dated 1 May 1941.
The first page of the report contains Hitler's decree of March 21, 1942, appointing Sauckel to the post of General Plenipotentiary for the Utilization of Manpower. On the second page there is an order of the Defendant Goering dated 27 March 1942, explaining the duties of the General Plenipotentiary for the Utilization of Manpower within the framework of the Four Year Plan organizational structure. Finally, on the third page of the report there is a program prepared by Sauckel for the Fuehrer's birthday in 1942. by the American prosecution and we do not wish to dwell on them, but wish to draw your attention to page 17 of the Russian translation of this document. There is a new document, in which is contained an order of the Defendant Sauckel, dated the 6th of April, 19** order No.1. This order is entitled "Concerning Appointment of Gauleiters as Plenipotentiaries for Labor Mobilization in the Gaus under them." I quote page 118 of the document book:
"I hereby appoint the Gauleiters of the NSDAP as my plenipotentiaries for labor mobilization in the Gau districts under them.
"Their duties are:
"1. To bring about collaboration without friction of all agencies of the State, party, armed forces and economics which are connected with the question of labor mobilization and thereby effect a balance between the varied conceptions and requirements for the purpose of procuring the fullest exploitation in the field of labor mobilization.
"4. Examination of the results of the employment of all workers, male and female, from other countries.
"Special regulations will be issued concerning this.
"5. Examination of authorized feeding, housing and treatment of all labor from foreign countries and prisoners of war employed in labor." already pointed out -- by the Defendant Sauckel for Hitler's birthday in 1942, the Defendant wrote -- page 4 of the German text:
"4. The General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization will therefore use with the help of a personal staff of assistants the existing party, State and economic institutions and accure the quickest success to the program, through the cooperation and goodwill of all concerned.
"5. The General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization has therefore, with the consent of the Fuehrer and the knowledge of the Reichsmarshal of Greater Germany and the Director of the Party Chancellory appoint all the district Chiefs as his plenipotentiaries in the German Districts of the National Socialist Party.
"6. The Plenipotentiaries for Labor Mobilization are using the offices of the Party in their Districts. The chiefs of the highest offices will assist and advise the District Chiefs in all matters concerning the Labor Mobilization.
"The most important for that purpose would be the following:
"The President of the Land-Labor Choice.
"The Trustee for Labor "The Leader of the Peasants.
"The Economic Adviser of the District.
"The District Superintendent of the German Labor Front.
"The Leader of the Womanhood of the District.
"The Leader of the Hitler Youth of the Region.
"The highest representative of the interior and general administration, and of the office for Agriculture." in their districts taking part in the measures for the utilization of manpower. him all help. I would like to draw your Honors' attention to one of Sauckel's assertions as mentioned in this document. He mentions the decision of Hitler to send to the Reich in order to help the German peasant women, four hundred to five hundred thousand selected healthy and strong girls from the Eastern territories, to relieve German women and girls from labor duty. Sauckel wrote:
"Please believe me as an old Political National Socialist Gauleiter that ultimately there could not have been a different decision." of compulsory slave labor and the extent of thoroughness to which it went into the matter, is shown by the following document which I am submitting to the Tribunal in evidence as USSR Exhibit 383. This document is a letter of the Defendant Sauckel dated September 8, 1942, and is entitled "Extraordinary Measures of the General Plenipotentiaries for the Utilization of Manpower in connection with Deportation of Eastern Women workers to Relieve Housewives with Large Families in Towns and Villages." to this document. In the meantime I wish to draw your attention to the passage which has direct bearing on the role of the Fascist Party in introducing this measure. On Page 3 of the Russian text of the document which I hereby submit to the Tribunal, there is a passage entitled "Organization of the Selection of Households." I am q uoting text of this passage:
"Applications made on the attached form for obtaining an Eastern woman worker for household duties -
THE PRESIDENT: Does it matter whether these women were brought into a house where they ought not to have been brought, and whether a particular German housewife was entitled to a woman worker or not? The whole point, it would seem, is whether they were deported -- and forcibly deported.
GENERAL ZORYA: Mr. President, I had just in view to summarize this part of my statement which you just mentioned. However, I would like to show the part which the Fascist Party played in organizing slave labor inside Germany and namely in the distribution of those Soviet citizens which were transported to Germany. All this is contained in the documents which I meant to submit to the Tribunal. All the rest which concerns the region which has already been described by the American and British prosecutions I will not dwell upon. says that application for obtaining Eastern woman workers for household duties are to be examined by the Labor Department as to the extent of the need of the household in question and are then to be forwarded for approval to the corresponding leader of NSDAP.
"Should the district leader object to granting a woman worker to the household, the Labor Department declines to send an Eastern woman worker to the applicant, or consequently declines the permission for the employment of such, the refusal need not be motivated and the decision is final."
There is an enclosure which is on page 129 of the document book. The labor direction upon receiving an application for slave workers turned to the corresponding instance of the Fascist Party with statement that it intended utilizing an Eastern worker in a household and they handed in an application form. This form also contains a statement or not it recommendes use of a woman worker in the household. is an appendix and is entitled, "Memo or Housewives Regarding Employment of Eastern Woman workers in Urban and Rural Households." I am not dwelling upon it in detail, but only draw the attention of the Tribunal to the sub-title of this memo, which is on page 133 of the document book. for the Utilization of Manpower in agreement with the leader of the Party Chancellery and other corresponding authorities. Thus we know that millions of foreign slaves languished in Germany. But now we know that any German could become a slave-owner with the sanction and under the supervision of the Fascist Party. Apparently this also constituted one of the elements of the "new" Fascist order in Europe. Goering, dated 27 March 1942. This order concerns the execution of the Fuehrer's decree regarding the office of the General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization. I do not submit this document, as it is already at the disposal of the Tribunal, being presented by the American prosecution.
"The General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization is hereby authorized, for the purpose of carrying out his tasks, to exercise the power which the Fuehrer has delegated to him to issue directives to the highest Reich authorities and their subordinate officers, to Party authorities and to Party subdivisions and associated organizations." part of the fascist Party in the execution of the compulsory labor system, but also emphasizes the extraordinary powers of Defendant Sauckel in this field. for the Soviet Prosecution in their statement that the fascist party was the center of all measures for the organization of compulsory slave labor.
organization of compulsory labor and deportation into slavery of Soviet people. I submit to the Tribunal, therefore, as USSR Exhibit 367, an OKH document regarding (I am using the terminology of the document itself) the "Mobilization of Russian manpower for the Reich." I beg the Tribunal to refer to page 178 of the document book. emanates. In the upper left-hand corner of the first page you will find "High Command of the Land Army, General Staff of the Land Army, Chief of Supply and Administration, Section of Military Administration (economic)." In the upper right-hand corner: "Headquarters of the High Command of the Land Army, 10 May 1942," and again the stamp "secret". Then, following the title quoted above:
"Authority: Order of the High Command of the Land Army, No. P-2877/42, Secret, dated April 25, 1942.
P-3158, 1942, secret, May 6, 1942." and is based on previously issued orders of the OKH. At the end of this document there is a list of addresses. I will not quote the document in full. This list includes the commander of the Armies in the East, and also the Plenipotentiary for the Utilization of Manpower and Armament Administration, etc. This list of addresses leaves no doubt as to who were the executors of the orders contained in the submitted document. The real executors were the military authorities.
Let us now turn to the contents of this document. First of all, what was the purpose of the OKH when it issued this letter? The reply to this question is contained in the first paragraph of the document, which I shall now read into the record. I summarize this quotation: by the Fuehrer, Gauleiter Sauckel, in connection with the growing requirements of the Reich in military technique and armaments, and in order to satisfy the requirements of the German war industry and of the entire war economy, is ordered to speed up the mobilization and importation of Russian manpower into the Reich, as well as to increase considerably the number of laborers thus mobilized.
carried out in all the occupied eastern territories, including the real front and army districts, special measures have to be introduced by officers in charge of the utilization of manpower and mobilization commissions. These mobilization measures are not to be limited to city regions. It is also imperative to embrace on a large scale the city population which migrated to villages, as well as local village population.
I am quoting page 139 of the document book, where it is stated:
"The immediate necessities of the army must be satisfied in the first place. The scale of the necessities of the army must be determined by the staffs of the army commanders of the troops in these districts. However, one must take into consideration the acute lack of manpower in the Reich, and therefore must verify accurately the needs -
THE PRESIDENT: Isn't it sufficient to say that this document provides for the speeding up of the mobilization of manpower and slave labor for the proposes of the necessities of the Reich? Does it do anything more than that?
GENERAL ZORYA: Yes, youare quite right. One must add that this document contains orders not only to satisfy the needs of the army, but also to extract the personal intervention of the army to thus organize a corresponding apparatus, in order to regulate this manpower supply. Tribunal --page 23 of my statement. general character. In July 1941, the Defendant Keitel learned that the subdepartments of the Organization Todt in the Lvov Region paid the local workers wages of 24 rubles. Keitel was indignant. Todt immediately received a respective reprimand. And so we come to the next document, which I present to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 366.
The Reichsminister Todt referred to the fact that General Fieldmarshal Keitel expressed his displeasure that the subdepartments of the Organization Todt in the Lvov District pay wages to the local workers up to the amount of 25 rubles, and Todt explains that he had explained in detail to all members of the staff that the rules for the utilization of manpower in Russian territory were different from those in Western Europe.
of wages to inhabitants who are mobilized for labor, and he concludes this document in the following terms:
"No compensation shall be given to the firms for wages not in conformity with the above regulations.
"This order is brought to the attention of all the executive centers and to all firms concerned. Signed: Todt." of peaceful Soviet for tasks which endangered life. This was said by Goering at a conference. on the 8th of September, 1942. This directive concerns the utilization of slave labor for the erection of fortifications in the eastern theater of operations. This document comes from the German archives captured by the Allied Armies in the West. In an annex to this document it is stated that this document is top secret and should be returned to the top of the Army and destroyed after reading. 8th of September, 1942:
"There heavy defensive battles in the area of Army Groups Centre and North cause me to make known my views on certain fundamental essentials of defense." not interest us. On page 148 of the document book is the following extract:
"The enemy indulges in the construction of positions to a far greater extent than do our own troops. I know that it will be contested that the enemy disposes more labor than we do for construction of such positions. It is therefore an absolute necessity that we should make use, with all possible energy, of all prisoners of war and local labor for these tasks.
Only in this respect and by this means can the German soldier be spared all labor on defensive work behind the front lines, in order that he may be left for his own duties and kept fresh to perform them.
Frequently sufficient ruthlessness is not being employed in this direction, nor is the ruthlessness of a type demanded by the present battle for survival.
In every way it is far more humane to drive the Russian population to work by employing every means than to sacrifice our most precious possession, the blood of our own people. authorities, which referred to an order of the defendant Keitel on forced labor in combat zones. This document is submitted as USSR Exhibit 407. I would like to quote a few excerpts. First, page 149 of the document book:
"Order.
"Referring to an order of the front commanders regarding compulsory labor service in the newly occupied Eastern Territories, end dated the 6th of November, 1943, all women born in 1924 and 1925 are hereby mobilized for labor in Germany." selves on the given dates shall be considered as saboteurs and will be held responsible in accordance with military law. took a personal part in the execution of this system of slave labor, and for that objective they adopted, on a large scale, all the war mechanisms of Germany. presenting as USSR Exhibit 381.
THE PRESIDENT: Was that last order that you gave out Keitel's order? It apparently is the Chief of the General Staff of the Military Command.
GENERAL ZORYA: This is not an order of Keitel. This document which was submitted as USSR Exhibit 381 is entitled, "Instructions to Economic Organizations for the Utilization of manpower in the East."
THE PRESIDENT: I thought you said that was by Keitel.
GENERAL ZORYA: These instructions emanated from Sauckel's administration.
THE PRESIDENT: Go on.
GENERAL ZORYA: The preceding document which I submitted was an order of Keitel.
Now I wish to speak of this order. I beg you to pay attention to the date on which the instructions were issued, the 26th of January, 1942.
that: "The hopes which the Reichsmarshal places in the department for the utilization of labor should be justified at all costs. The task of the economic organization and the departments for the utilization of manpower in the East consists of bridging, during the coming months, the gap in national economy -- which arose owing to the departure into the army of men of younger conscription age -- by means of the universal recruitment of Russian labor.
"This is of decisive importance in the war and must therefore be achieved. If the number of volunteers does not come up to expectations, then, according to orders, most severe measures should be taken during the recruitment." Soviet prosecution, USSR Exhibit 151. I do not wish to quote this document again, but only consider necessary -
DR. NELTE (counsel for defendant Keitel): Mr. President, you have just now asked about the document, and the prosecutor has presented a document by Keitel. If it is a question of the same document, then it would be USSR 407, and that is signed by a local commander and by a chief of the Labor Office.
Is this document the same which has been presented to you as USSR 407?
THE PRESIDENT: I have already pointed out, have I not, that it was not by Keitel?
DR. NELTE: I beg your pardon?
THE PRESIDENT: I have pointed out that it was not by Keitel.
DR. NELTE: Yes, sir, but the prosecutor has repeatedly said that this document 407 represents an order by Keitel. That is why I wanted to verify it.
GENERAL ZORYA: Perhaps the Tribunal will allow me to clarify this subject. Apparently a misunderstanding arose from the translation. an order of the German occupational authorities which referred to an order of Keitel regarding forced labor in front areas. This order begins, "According to an order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Military Command regarding compulsory labor service, dated the 6th of November, 1943", and so forth.
I beg the Tribunal to refer again to a document which I submitted previously, the document of the High Command of the Land Forces.
This order referred to corresponding orders of the Supreme Command of the German Army regarding questions of mobilization of labor in the East. Exhibit 407, refers to one of these orders. It is quite clearly stated that it is according to orders of the Chief of the General Staff. That is why I submitted this document.
THE PRESIDENT: I am afraid I really don't understand you. What I have got in the translation before me is this:
"The units of the Red Army captured a copy of the German decree which mentions Keitel's order on the forced labor in the combat zone.
"This document is submitted as Exhibit USSR something or other.
"It may be useful to read a few excerpts of it.
"By order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Military Command of 6/11/43, concerning the compulsory labor service in the combat zone"--and then it goes on to deal with persons who don't present themselves being considered saboteurs. the Military Command was Keitel. He was the Chief of the OKW. Are you still saying that he was the Chief of the Military Command?
GENERAL ZORYA: I quote only that which is in the document: "By order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Military Command concerning compulsory labor." That is in the document, and I do not wish to add anything.
THE PRESIDENT: I don't think it is worth taking any more time over it.
GENERAL ZORYA: I will now go back to that document which was submitted to the Tribunal by the American prosecution, and which was entitled, "Directive for the Treatment of Foreign Labor on Reich Territory." I will not quote this document in detail; I would only like to stress that it established a special regime for the foreign workers.
It created a strict region for the Eastern workers. Thus, the Eastern workers were forbidden to visit churches; they were forbidden to visit public buildings; and they were obliged to wear special insignia, which was of blue color, with the word "ost" in white letters. workers in rural households it was stated that: "Every alien, according to the personal conduct and political convictions of every German, judges our national moral standard. The alien workers must see in the housewife and the members of her family worthy representatives of the German people."
I proceed further:
"If, in certain circumstances, German and Eastern female domestic workers are employed in the same household, the German domestic workers must be given mainly tasks of serving the family and must also be given the supervision of the Eastern woman worker." position.
Eastern workers. General conditions of work did not extend to the Eastern workers.
Their labor was not regulated in any way. This was expressed in Paragraph 4 of the same memorandum.
"Eastern women workers employed in households in the Reich are subject to specific working conditions. German regulations about working conditions and regulations about working conditions and rules for the safeguarding of labor refer to them only in so far as special instructions are given on this point." Section "B", of the memorandum:
"No right for leisure is given to Eastern women workers. Eastern women workers have not the right to leave the household, except when on duty connected with the needs of the household. Visits to restaurants, cinemas, theatres and all public institutions are prohibited."
In Paragraph 10 of the memorandum it is pointed out:
"Eastern women workers employed in households are mobilized for an indefinite period."
Paragraph 12 of the memorandum states that:
"The Germans must not share a room with the Eastern woman workers."
Paragraph 14 states that:
"Clothing as a rule is not supplied to Eastern female workers." treatment of foreign workers and the memorandum on the employment of Eastern female workers - reflect the inhuman conditions of work for the forcibly mobilized Soviet persons. evidence of persons, who themselves experienced the terror of Fascist slavery, and reading of all of these documents would take too much time. the war against Fascist Germany, many proofs of the crimes of the Fascist conspirators in this field. of the People, Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Molotov, dated 16 January 1942, which was presented to the Tribunal by the Soviet Prosecution as USSR Exhibit 51(2), and this note stated that:
"The civilian population was forcibly deported for compulsory labor, who were proclaimed 'prisoners of war' and treated as such.
They were interned in camps, and the actual employees of these camps where peaceful citizens were subjected to intolerable privation were named. Among these internees were old men, women, and children. The food was completely inadequate, and twenty-five to thirty people died every day."
In the same note we read that:
"After the occupation of Kiev, the Germans drove into slave labor all the civilian population from eleven to sixteen years old, irrespective of their profession, their sex, state of health or nationality. People who were too ill to stand on their feet were fined fifty rubles by the Germans for every day of work they missed.
"In Kharkov the German invaders decided to subject the local Ukrainian intellectuals to particular indignities. On the 5th of November, 1941, all actors were ordered to appear at the Schevchenko Theatre for registration. When they had gathered, they were surrounded by German soldiers to harness them to carts and go along the most frequented streets to the river for water." Molotov's note, dated the 27th of April, 1942. This note is submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 51 (3). Section 3 of this note is entitled;
"The establishment of a regime of slavery and serfdom in the occupied districts of the USSR and the abduction of civilians as 'prisoners'".
This note states that:
"In the Ukraine and Byelorussia the Germans introduced a sixteen hour workday. In many cases without any retribution and in some cases with absolutely very low wages."
In the secret instructions entitled "On the Current Tasks in the Eastern Regions", captured by Red Army troops at the beginning of March, 1942, the chief of the "Military Economic Inspectorate of the Central Front", Lieutenant General Weigang, admits that:
"It has proved impossible to maintain industrial production with the labor of semi-starved and semi-clad people", that "the devaluation of money and the commodity crisis coincide with a dangerous lack of confidence in the German authorities on the part of the local population"; and that this is "fraught with danger to tranquillity in the occupied regions, wholly impermissible in the rear of the combatant troops." The German general points out in this document to call these occupied regions "our new Eastern colonial possessions." the occupied districts has led to mass unemployment, the German General Weigang issued the following orders for speeding up the forcible dispatch of the Russian, Ukrainian, Byelorussian and other local workers to Germany:
"Only the dispatch to Germany of several million picked Russian workers out of the inexhaustible reserve of able-bodied, healthy and strong people in the occupied Eastern territories can solve the urgent problem of meeting the unparalleled demand for labor power, thereby coping with the catastrophic insufficiency of labor in Germany." Tank Troops was ordered to mobilize the entire civilian population of the occupied districts, and it was stated that this forced labor was to be gratuitous.
"By this unpaid labor the population would redeem the acts of sabotage it has already committed as well as the acts of sabotage which may be committed by them in the future." a signature of the German Commandant, Major Portazius, which states:
"1. Citizens working slothfully or not working the designated number of hours will be subject to a monetary fine. In the event of non-payment, delinquents will be subjected to corporal punishment.
"2. Citizens assigned to a job and not reporting for work will be subjected to corporal punishment and will not receive food rations.
"3. Citizens evading work in general will, in addition, be expelled from Kaluga. Citizens afraid of work will be attached to labor detachments and columns, and billetted in barracks; they will be put to heavy labor."
This note expressed that:
"With regard to the farmers of the occupied regions, the system of forced labor coincided with the seizure of land and the transfer of the collective farms and the land of the individual farms to the German proprietors. This was established by a Land Law which was promulgated at the end of February, 1942, by the Hitlerite leader of the occupied territories in the East, Reichsleiter Resenberg." Molotov, which is on page 39 of my statement, which was published a year after the notice I just mentioned.
On the 11th of May, 1943, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Molotov, sent to all Ambassadors and Plenipotentiaries of the countries with which the USSR had at the time diplomatic relations, a note "Concerning the Wholesale Forcible Transportation of Soviet Civilians to German Fascist Slavery and Concerning the Responsibility Borne for this Crime by the Germn Authorities." This note is submitted to the Tribunal as evidence under No. USSR 51(4).
I consider it necessary to read a few quotations from this note. On page 165 of the document book there is a reference to a declaration of Goering of 1941, which has already been mentioned by me. I will not *--* repeat all that Goering said at that conference. I will only stress that Molotov's note points out that Goering issued an order not to spare for the people but for Germany and to handle them in the most cruel manner.
"The main principle must be swiftness and severity. Only the following punitive measures can be adopted: Deprivation of food and the death penalty by the decision of the Military Tribunal."
It is stated in Molotov's note that the administration of Defendant Sauckel is adopting a very large mobilization of the utilization of labor.
population in the occupied districts of the USSR. The citizens thus registered were ordered "voluntarily" to go to work for Germany. As there were hardly any volunteers found, the Germans ordered measures of compulsion to be adopted. subordinates:
"The recruiting, for which you are responsible, must be speeded up by every available means, including the stern application of the principle of forced labor." Chief of the Political Police and Security Service under the Chief of the SS in Kharkov, headed "The situation in the City of Kharkov from July 23 to September 9, 1942."
"The recruiting of labor power," states this document, "is causing the competent bodies disquietude, for the population is displaying extreme reluctance to go to work in Germany. The situation at present is that everybody does his unmost to evade enlistment. There can be no longer any question of voluntary departure for Germany." potentiary for the Utilization of Labor, actively pursued criminal activity, as is pointed out in Commissar Molotov's note. On the 31st of March 1942, Sauckel went to his subordinates a telegraphic order regarding the utilization of Russians. I submit this telegram as evidence, USSR Exhibit 382. In this telegram Sauckel writes:
"The rate of mobilization must be increased immediately and under all circumstances in order that in the shortest possible time, that is to say, by April, a three-fold increase in the number of workers sent off should be insured.
Sauckel's efforts were appreciated by the Defendant Goering at the time when he was Plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan. I refer now to the conference which Goering held on the 6th of August 1942. This Document has been submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 170. I beg you to refer to Pages 12 and 13 of the document file. Goering stated -
THE PRESIDENT: (Interposing) All this was read the other day. The actual words were read the other day.
GENERAL ZORYA: You are quite right, Mr. President. My colleague, Mr. Sheinin, who read into the record this document, did not read into the record this particular passage.
THE PRESIDENT: We think that he read the passage which you have got set out in your document: "I do not wish to praise Gauleiter Sauckel; he does not need it." He certainly referred to the passage which you have just summarized, about Lohse.
GENERAL ZORYA: I do not wish to argue, Mr. President. I believe he did not read this part into the record, but if you like, we will not read it.
THE PRESIDENT: Maybe you are right. I don't know.
GENERAL ZORYA: I will quote this very briefly:
"I do not wish to praise Gauleiter Sauckel; he does not need it. But what he has done in a short time to collect workers quickly from the whole of Europe and supply them to our undertakings is a unique achievement of its kind.
"I must say to all you gentlemen that if each of you used in your sphere of activity a tenth of the energy used by Gauleiter Sauckel, the tasks laid upon you would indeed be easily carried out. This is my conviction and in no way fine words." Molotov, dated the 11th of May 1943. This note quotes data concerning the number of Soviet persons who were deported to Germany. slavery was accompanied nearly everywhere by repressive measures. In Poltava, for instance, the Germans shot 65, and in many other towns these executions and shootings and hangings were adopted on various scales.
THE PRESIDENT: I understood from you at the beginning of your speech this afternoon that you were going to finish this afternoon. It is now five minutes past 5:00. Is there any chance of your finishing?
GENERAL ZORYA: If I had not been interrupted by defense counsel for ten minutes I would not have needed more than ten minutes to finish the statement.
THE PRESIDENT: How long do you anticipate you will take now?
GENERAL ZORYA: A maximum of ten minutes.