THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal has considered the arguments which have been addressed to it, and is of the opinion that the document offered by counsel for France is a document our committee set up for the investigation of war crimes within the meaning of Article XXI of the Charter. The fact that it is not upon oath does not prevent it being such a document within Article XXI, of which the Tribunal is directed to take judicial notice. The question of its probative value would of course be considered under Article XIX of the Charter, and therefore in accordance with Article XIX and Article XXI of the Charter the document will be admitted in evidence, and the objection of counsel for the Gestapo is denied. the General Secretary of the Tribunal, and that when they a re being discussed in Court the original document should be present in Court at the time.
DOCTOR BABEL (Counsel for the SS): I have been informed that General Giraud and his family could possibly have been deported to Germany upon the orders of Himmler, but that they were treated very well and that they were billetted in a villa; that they were brought back to France in good health; that they are in perfect health and condition up to this date.
THE PRESIDENT: Forgive me for interrupting. The Tribunal are not now considering the case of General Giraud and his family. with the deportation of General Giraud, and were stating facts to us, what you allege to be facts, as to that deportation. The Tribunal is not considering that matter. The Tribunal has already ruled that it cannot take judicial notice of the facts as to General Giraud's deportation.
DOCTOR BABEL: I was of the opinion that what I had to say could explain the situation, and might facilitate and expedite the trial in that respect. That was the purpose of my inquiry.
THE PRESIDENT: What you wish to state . . . . I am merely pointing out to you that we are not now considering General Giraud's case.
DOCTOR BABEL: Yes.
M. DUBOST: If the Tribunal will permit me to continue. Thus it seems to me necessary to come back to the proof which I propose to submit. I must show the uniform methods and tortures which were used by each of the departments of the German Police.
THE PRESIDENT: I don't think the document which we have just admitted-have you finished the document we have just admitted?
M. DUBOST: Yes, Mr. President; I have completed this and I will read from other documents. But first I would like to sum up the proofs which I wish to submit this morning through the reading of documents. I said that I was going to show that, through the uniform ill-treatments which were inflicted upon prisoners under interrogation by all departments of the German police, we come to the realization of a common will. I don't want to give you a direct proof as we did yesterday in relation to hostages in bringing you papers that were signed by Keitel notably, but we shall bring out in a certain fashion this uniformity of method which exposes a uniform will which can only go back to the head of the police; to the very center of the German Government, to which the Defendants belonged. ill-treatment of prisoners at Monluc and Lyon. I pass to document 556, which we shall submit under the number 330, which relates to the prisons at Marsaille, the document after 555 in the document bock. Security Service of Vaucluse concerning atrocities committed by Germans upon political prisoners, and this transcript reinforces the written deposition of M. Mousson, who was chief of an intelligence service.
"Arrested the 16th of August 1943. Then transferred the 30th of August 1943 to the prison Saint-Pierre in Marseille."
Last paragraph of the first page of this document. We read:
"Transferred to Marsaille, the frontier prison, 30th of August 1943. Placed in Room P, twenty-five metres long and five metres wide."
THE PRESIDENT: Is that the last paragraph?
M. DUBOST: Document F-556. It is the last paragraph at the bottom of the page.
"There were seventy-five or often eighty in there. Two straw mattresses for three.
Repulsive hygienic conditions. Lice. Fleas. Bed-bugs. Dreadful food. For no reason at all comrades were struck and put in their cells two or three days without food."
"Taken into custody again the 15th of May in rather a brutal way. I was imprisoned in the prison of Saint Anne."
And the fifth paragraph of the same page:
"The conditions of life in Saint Anne were deplorable -- the hygienic conditions. Food was furnished by the National Relief Society."
"The living conditions in Petites Beaumettes -- just enough food to keep one alive. No packages. Red Cross gives a great many, but we receive very few."
The prison of Poitiers. This was a prison entirely under the orders of the Germans. The following document, F-558, which we depose as No.304. Joined to this document, next to last and last page, a report from the American Information Service in Paris. The press department, October 18, 1941. The Tribunal should know that all these reports were incorporated with the documents which were presented by the French Office for the Investigation of war Crimes. We read under number two:
"M. C'laeys was arrested December 14, 1943, by the Gestapo and kept in custody in a prison "Pierre Levee" until August 26, 1944."
"During his imprisonment he requested a mattress since he was wounded from the war. The answer was that he would have one if he confessed. He had to sleep on straw which was two centimetres thick spread over the ground. Seven men in a room four metres long and two metres wide and two metres and eighty centimetres high. Twenty days without leaving the cell. His wounds bothered him and prevented him from going to the place of convenience. The Germans refused to bother about him."
"Another prisoner weighed 120 kilograms and lost thirty kilograms in a month. He was kept in solitary confinement for a month. He was tortured and died of gangrene of the limbs. Wounds were caused by the torture having been inflicted. He died after ten days of agony, alone, and without any aid."
Under number five. Here are the torture methods.
"The victim was forced to double up; his hands attached to the right leg. They then threw him to the ground. They beat him with a huge stick for twenty minutes. If he fainted they threw a pail of water upon his face. This was done to make him speak. Mr. Francheteau was thus beaten four days out of six. Sometimes the patient was not bound. If he fell they picked him up by his hair and they continued."
"At other moments the victim was placed nude in a cell of special collection and his hands were bound to an iron bar above his head. He was then beaten until he decided to talk.
"(b) The method above was not as common, but he has friends who saw electrical tortures. An electric wire was attached to the foot of the victim and another wire to different parts of his body. The torture was all the more horrible. In many cases the Germans had no exact ideas about what information they wished to obtain, and they merely tortured them in various ways."
"A method of torture consisted in hanging the victim by his hands, which were brought behind his back until his shoulders were completely dislocated. Then they cut the bottom of his foot with razor blades and obliged him to walk on salt." We submit it under No.305. It also comes from the American War Crimes Commission. Page one, under the letter "A" you will read: committed by the Germans in northern France and in Belgium is analyzed. This report tells about the activities of the German police in Arras, Bethune Lille, Valenciennes, Malo les Bains, La Madeleine, Quincy, Loos, Belgium Saint Gilles, Fort de Huy, and Camp de Belveroo. This report is accompanied by seventy-three depositions from victims. From the examination of these testimonies the fact emerges that the brutal barbarity of the methods used during the interrogations was the same in divers places which we have visited This we find in an American report.
I think it is not necessary to stress too much this fact since these syntheses are carried out in that way. The Tribunal may read moreover, page four, five, six and seven, a detailed description of the atrocities systematically used and identically practiced by all these German police to obtain avowals of confession.
Page seven. I shall read to you the fifth paragraph.
"That the prisoner who tried to escape was captured and delivered from his cell to police dogs who tore him to pieces." the German text. This is a reproduction of a report to M. Proville, which is an excerpt I shall read because of the nature of the facts. I quote:
"Condemned by the German Tribunal to eighteen months of imprisonment for possessing arms after having been in the prison Arras, Bethune and Loos. I was sent to Germany. As a result of ill-treatment in Eastern Prussia I was obliged to have my eyes locked after. Having been taken to an infirmary, a German doctor put drops in my eyes. A few hours later, after painful suffering, I became blind. After having spent several days in the prison of Fresnes they sent me to the clinic of Quinze-Vingt at Paris. Professor Guillamat examined me and certified that by a carrosive agent I had my eyes burned." Crimes Commission, which we submit under the number 306. The Tribunal will find, page two, the proof that M. Herrera was present at tortures inflicted on various persons, and saw a Pole by the name of Riptz have the bottoms of his feet burned. Then he had his head split with an ax and then was shot after the skull had healed. threatened by those who conducted the interrogations to fracture his second limb, and this was carried out. He became half mad as a result of a hypodermic injection, and the Germans caused him to disappear or did away with him. that the Tribunal should know entirely these American official documents, which all show in a very precise way the tortures which were carried out by the different German police services in numerous regions of France, which show obviously the uniformity of the methods used. read one paragraph of, four pages, page thirty-six, the third paragraph from the bottom; the fourth paragraph of page twenty of the German text.
M. Robert Vanessche, living in Tourcoing -- page thirty-six, the last page of document No. 571 -- M. Robert Vanessche reciting at Tourcoing, states:
"I was arrested the 22 of February 1944 at Mouseren in Belgium by the Gestapo who were dressed in civilian clothing. During the interrogation they were clad in military garb."
"I was interrogated the second time at Gand, at the main German prison, where I remained thirty-one days. There I was shut up for two or three hours in a sort of wooden coffin through which one could breathe only by nine holes in the top."
M. Remy Marcel, residing at 112 Rue de Cimetiere at Armentieres, states:
"Arrested May 2, 1944, at Armentieres. I arrived at the Gestapo headquarters and taken to Rue Francois Debats at La Madeleine the same day about three o'clock. I was subjected to interrogation on two different occasions. At first for about an hour lying on my stomach. I received about 120 blows with a whip. The second interrogation lasted a bit longer. The same thing followed; lying on my stomach and I also received blows with a whip. As I did not wish to say anything, they unclad me and put me in a bathtub.
"The 5th of May I was subjected to interrogations at Loos. That day they hung me by my feet and blows rained over all my body. As I refused to speak they unbound me and put me again on my stomach. As the suffering drew cries from me they kicked me in the face with their boots. The result was I lost seventeen lower teeth." us here. We are merely trying to show that everybody, whether those two did the torturing, used the same methods. They could only have done it through carrying out orders which were given by their chiefs.
Page forty-six, the testimony of M. Guerin, first paragraph, eighth line.
"Not wishing to admit anything, one of them carrying on the interrogation put my scarf around my mouth to stifle my cries. Another German policeman took my head between his legs and two others, one on each side of me, began to strike me with a blub on my loins.
They each struck me twenty-five times, every time I got up. This session lasted two hours. The next morning they began again and it lasted as long as the day before. These tortures were inflicted upon me because on the 11th of November I had taken part in the manifestation by placing awreath on the monument to honor the dead of the war of 1914-18 with my comrades of the resistance." Page forty-six. Page twenty-nine of the German text. Report of Mr. Alfred Deudon. Paragraph three. Here is the ill-treatment which was inflicted upon him.
"18th of August the sensitive parts were struck with blows from a hammer. 19th of August was passed under the water. Then I had my head placed in a squeezing apparatus. 21st and 24th of August I was chained day and night. 26th of August I was chained day and night and hung for a certain time by the arms."
Page forty-nine; page thirty of the German text. Report of M. Delltombe.
"Arrested by the Gestapo June 14, 1944.
Paragraph two I read:
"Thursday, June 16, at eight o'clock in the morning, they took me to the cellar where they carried out their tortures. There they asked me to confess the sabotage which I had carried out with my group, and asked me to denounce my comrades as well as my hiding places. Because I did not they applied the torture again. They made me put my hands behind my back. They put special handcuffs on me and they hung me by my wrists. Then they struck me with a whip, principally on the loins and in the face. That day the torture lasted three hours.
"Friday, June 16, the same thing took place but for an hour and a half, for I couldn't stand it any longer, and they took me back to my cell on a stretcher.
"Saturday the tortures began even more strongly. Then I was obliged to confess my sabotage, when they stuck all sorts of needles in my arms. At that time they left me alone until August 10; then they brought me back to the office and said that I was to be condemned to death. I was taken towards Brussels, from which I was freed from the train of deportees on the 3rd of September by Brussels patriots.
Women were subjected to the same treatment as the men. The tortures were physical tortures. The sadism of the torturers added moral torture, being especially painful for a woman or a young girl to be unclad and made nude by her executioners. The state of pregnancy did not keep one from being beaten, and whrn the brutality brought about an abortion they were left without any care, exposed to all complications as a result of this criminal abortion. carried out this investigation. The Tribunal will find, at page 58, page 36 in the German text, at the bottom of the French text, the report of Madame Sindemans, who was arrested in Paris the 24th of February, 1944, by four soldiers who each had a machine gun, and two other Germans in civilian clothes holding a revolver:
"Having looked into my handbag, they found three identification cards. They discovered in my room the passes of the kommandantur and German workman cards, which I had succeeded in stealing from them the day before."
Page 59: I shall quote the second paragraph of the French text:
"Immediately they placed handcuffs upon me and took me to be interrogated. Not giving them a reply, they slapped me in theface with such force that I fell from my chair. Then they whipped me with a rubber full in the face. This interrogation began at 10 o'clock in the morning and ended at 11 o'clock that night. I must say that I had been pregnant for three months."
It is a report which was carried out concerning the atrocities committed by the Gestapo of Bourges. We shall read from a part of this report, page 6 of the French text, page 5 of the German text.
THE PRESIDENT: How do you establish what this document is? It appears to be the report of M. Marc Toledano.
M. DUBOST: That is correct, Mr. President. It is this report. This report was incorporated into the document with the remainder of documents which were collected by the French commission for Crimes of War, with the official signatures which were approved by M. Tombeau on the original, which is in your hands or in the hands of the Secretary of the Court. We shall read from it, page 5. This is the first page of the original:
"I, the undersigned, Madame Bondoux, supervisor at the house of arrest Bourges, certify that nine men, most young people, were subjected to arduous treatment. With their hands bound behind their backs, chains on their feet, it being absolutely impossible for them to carry on a normal way of living, they screamed with hunger. Faced with this state of affairs, several of the prisoners manifested their desire to come to their aid by making small parcels for them, which were taken from their own provisions and which I handed over to them in the evening. One, a certain German supervisor whom I knew under his first name, Michel, threw their bread in a corner of the cell and came up at night to beat them. All these young people were shot the 20th of November, 1943.
"On the other hand, a woman named Hartwig, residing in Chavannes, I believe, said she remained bound for four days to a chair. At all events, what I can verify is that she had her body completely bruised."
Page 6, page 5 of the German text; we shall read the statement of M. Labussiere, who is a reserve captain at Marseilles-les-Aubigny. Eighth line from the bottom of the page:
"The 11th I was beaten twice with a whip. To receive the blows I had to bend over a bench, The muscles of my thighs and my calves were stretched out. I received at first 30 blows from a huge whip. Then the session continued with another instrument which had a buckle at the end. I then was struck on the anus, on the thighs, and on the calves."
Following page: "He made me spread my legs. Then he completed with a very thin whip, with which he gave me 20 more blows. When I arose my head turned and I fell to the ground. I was lifted by kicks of a boot. Needless to say, the handcuffs were never taken away from my wrists."
To go to the bottom of page 7, third line before the end:
"From twelve to ten hours after having beaten a woman, Paoli came to see me and said I could go. 'You have no courage. It is your wife that I have just beaten. I will act as though you said nothing.' He wished that I should give him a place at which I met my comrades and their names.
"From 14 to 16 o'clock I was taken to the tortue chamber. I could hardly stand up or could hardly crawl. Before permitting me to come in Paoli said, 'I give you five minutes to tell me all that you know. If in five minutes you have said nothing you will be shot at 3 o'clock. Your wife will be shot at six, and your child will be sent to Germany'."
Page 9: "After signing the interrogation the German said: 'Look at your face, the condition we can put a man in in five days. You are not through yet. And he added, 'Now get out of here. You fill us with disgust'. Covered with ordure from head to foot, they put me in a carriage and took me back to my cell. For at least five days I certainly received more than 700 blows with a whip. A great hematoma appeared on two of my buttocks. A doctor and his comrades in custody would not come near him because he smelled so badly, because his body was covered with abscesses. The 20th of November, the date at which he was interrogated, he had not yet recovered from his wounds." punishment methods used. First, a whip; secondly, the bath. The man to be tortured was plunged headfirst into a bathtub full of cold water until he was asphyxiated. Then they gave him artificial respiration. If he didn't talk, they began again several times in succession. With clothes soaked, he spent the night in a cold cell. Third, electric current: The poles were placed in his hands, then at his feet, then in his ears, then in the anus and on the end of the penis.
The crushing of his testicles was done with an instrument prepared for the purpose.
The twisting of the testicles was frequent. Hanging: the patient was handcuffed, his hands behind his back. A hook was placed on his handcuffs, and by a pulley the victim was lifted. In the beginning they lifted him up and then let him fall down rapidly. Then they left him suspended for more or less longer periods. His arms were often dislocated. I saw in the camp Lieutenant Lefevre, who had lost the use of both arms, having remained suspended for more than four hours.
"Sixth, burning with a soldering lamp or with matches. The 2nd of July my comrade Laloue came to the camp, a teacher from Crer, who had been subjected to the greatest part of these tortures at Bourges. He had one arm congested and couldn't function any finger of the right hand as a result of being hung. He had been subjected to whipping and electricity. He had been burned by matches, which had been placed under all the nails in the hands and feet, matches which were cut. His wrists and ankles were surrounded with rings of wadding. Fire then was set to the waddings and to the matches. While everything was burning, a German several times plunged a pointed knife into the sole of his foot and another whipped him. The phosphorus burns ate up certain of his toes to the second phalanges. Abscesses were formed and had broken. That saved him from blood poisoning." read, under the signature of one of the chiefs of the general staff of the French Forces of the Interior who freed the Department of Crer, M. Magnon - signature authenticated by French official authorities whom you know.
"From the liberation of Bourges, September 6, 1944, an inspection in the cellars of the Gestapo revealed an instrument of torture, a ring composed of several balls of hardwood which had steel points on them, so arranged that the bracelet might be put around the wrist of the prisoner. This bracelet was seen by numerous soldiers and chefs of the Maquis de Menetou-Salon.
It was in the hands of the Adjutant Neuilly, now in the first battalion of the 34th Demi-Brigade. A drawing is attached to this statement.
"Commander Magnon, under-signed, certifies having seen the instrument which is described above." service of the Department of Vaucluse, which takes No. 309. It is a repeition of the same methods, which I do not believe we must dwell upon. number 310, which relates to tortures practised by the German police services in Besancon. Page 1 of our French text and of the German text is a deposition of M. Dommergues, Professor at Besancon. This deposition was collected by the American War Crimes Commission-mission of Captain Miller--and we shall read from the statement of M. Dommergues, Professor at Besancon.
"Arrested 11th of February, 1944. Violently struck with a whip during the interrogation. While a woman who was being tortured uttered screams, they made him believe that it was his own wife. He saw a comrade hung with a weight of 50 kilograms on each foot. Another had his eyes pierced with pins. A child became completely "aphone." the deposition of Mr. Dommergues. This document includes a second part, 567b. We shall read from pages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 from this document, page 9 of the German text.
THE PRESIDENT: Whose statement is it? One of the members hasn't got his document marked, and I want to know whose statement it is you are going to refer to. Is it Dr. Gomet?
M. DUBOST: It is from Dr. Gomet, Secretary Member of the Council of the Departmental College of the National Order of Physicians. This letter is addressed by him to the chief doctor in Besancon, 11th of September, 1943, Chief Doctor of the Feldkommandantur of Besancon.
Here is the text of this letter.
"Chief Medicine Doctor and Honorable Colleague:
"I have the honor to deliver to you the note which I have drawn up on your request and addressed to our colleagues of the department in our memorandum of September 1st. I must, on the other hand, in full conscience take up another subject with you.
"Quite recently I had to give care for a Frenchman who had wounds and ecchymoses of his face and his body deduced by torture apparatus which the German security used. This is a quite honorable man, an important state official of the French Government who was arrested because they considered him susceptible of furnishing certain information, and he was not suspected of anything, as is proved by his being freed after a few days after the interrogation was terminated to which they wished to subject him.
"Torture was inflicted upon him, not as a legal penalty as any legitimate defense, but for the purpose of forcing him to speak through the use of violence and pain. As for me, who represents here the French medical corps, my conscience forces me to do this and my strict duty forces me to point out to you what I have just observed in exercising my profession. I appeal to your conscience as a doctor, and request, since you have the mission of protecting the physical health of your fellow humans, as all doctors are required to do, that we have no right to intervene."
Returning to page 4. There must have been a reply to the doctor, for Dr. Gomet writes him a second letter, and here is the text:
"Honorable Chief Doctor and Honorable Colleague:
"You were willing to note the facts which I explained to you in my letter of September 11, 1943, regarding the torture apparatus utilized by the German security service during the interrogation of a French official whom I had to care for subsequently. You asked me, as is quite natural, to visit yourself the person in question. I replied to you at the time of our recent meeting that the step made by me was not known to the person concerned, and I did not know whether he would authorize me to have it known. I wish to specify, in fact, that I claim for myself alone the responsibility for this initiative. The person through whom I learned for professional reasons the facts which I Have just related to you had nothing to do with this report. The question is strictly professional. My conscience forced me to bring this matter to your attention. I advance only what I know from certain observations, and I guarantee on my honor as a man, as a physician, and a Frenchman the truth of my statement.
"My patient was interrogated twice by the German security service the last days of August, 1943. I had to examine him on 8 September 1943, that is to say, about ten days after he left prison, where he had in vain demanded medical attention.
"He had a partial ecchymosis on the left and scratches on the temporal region at the right, which he said were made with a sort of circle which they had placed upon his head and upon which they struck with small clubs. He had had contusions on the dorsal side of his hands, these having been taken, accord ing to what he told me, and placed in a squeezing apparatus.
He had, at the anterior side of his legs, scars covered with crusts of superficial wounds, which were the result, he told me, of blows administered by flexible clubs armed with little points.
"I cannot affirm the method in which these contusions and wounds were produced. I note that they seemed to relate through their aspect to the explanations which were given to me.
"It will be easy for you, honorable chief physician, to learn if the apparatus of the kind to which I allude are really in use in the German security service."
THE PRESIDENT: It may be convenient for Counsel and others to know that the Tribunal will not sit in open session tomorrow, as it has many administrative matters to consider. We will adjourn now until 2 o'clock.
(Whereupon, at 1245, the Tribunal adjourned to reconvene at 1400.)
Official transcript of the International
COURT CLERK (Captain Priceman): If your Honors please, the defendants Kaltenbrunner and Streicher will continue to be absent this afternoon.
M. DUBOST: We started this morning with the enumeration of the tortures that had been inflicted as a regular thing by the Gestapo in the various cities in France where inquiries were conducted, and I was presenting to you through the reading of numerous documents that everywhere the accused, and frequently the witnesses themselves, were questioned with brutality on matters that were usually identical, which proved, so we thought, by the systematic repetition of these same procedures of torture the existence of a common determination, which found its origin in the very leadership of the police service and also within the heads of the governments themselves. tracted from the report of the American services, which concern the prison at Dreux, the prison at Morlaix, and the prison in Metz. All these testimonies are given in Documents 689, 690, and 691, which we are now presenting to your under No. S-311, 312, and 313. With your permission, sir, I will now abstain from further citing these documents. The same facts are cited systematically, and the same is true for the tortures inflicted in Metz, in Morlaix, and in Marseilles. These are cited in Documents 692, 693, 565, and 694, which we are presenting to you under Nos. 314, 309, and 315. which it is not possible for us to remain silent about in spite of our desire to cut short these sittings. It is a crime involving the murder of a French officer by the services of the Gestapo at Clairmont-Ferrand, in the southern zone, and therefore in a zone which was considered to be free according to the terms of the Armistice -- a murder which was committed under conditions extremely shameful and scorning all the rules of common and international law, and perpetrated in a region in which, according to the stipulation of the Armistice, the Gestapo had no reason or authorization to operate This French officer was named Major Henri Madeline.
His case is recited in Document 595, which we submit under No. 316. He was arrested on the 1st of October, 1943, in Clairmont-Ferrand. The questioning began in January, 1944, andhe was struck in such a savage manner in the course of the first interrogatory that when we was brought back to his cell his hand was already split. On the 27 January he was exposed to two new interrogatories. This document is brought together between the green covers in your document book, No. S-575. which he was so violently struck that when he returned to his cell it was impossible to see the manicles which he wore on his hands, so swollen had his hands become. The following day the German police came back and seized him in his cell. He had been under agony throughout the night. They took him while he was still alive and he was thrown on a road a kilometer from a small village, Peringant-Les-Sarlieves, in France, to give the impression that he had been the victim of a traffic accident. His body was later discovered, and an autopsy revealed that his buttocks had been completely crushed and that he had multiple fractures of the ribs and perforations of the lungs, as well as wounds of the spine, a fracture of the lower jaw, and a general dislocation of the tissues in the head. and in the misdeeds of the Gestapo in France under the orders of German officers. One of such traitors, who was arrested when our country was liberated, has described the ill-treatments that had been inflicted on Commandant Madeline. We are going to read the statement made by M. John Verniers on this subjects "He was struck with a stick, a bludgeon.
He was struck on his fingernails, and his fingers were crushed. He was obliged to walk barefooted on stiff tacks. He was burned with cigarette butts. Finally, he was thoroughly beaten and taken back to his cell. He was at the point of death."
in which numerous German officers of the Gestapo participated. This in-
quiry has shown that twelve known persons succumbed to the tortures inflicted by the Gestapo of Clairmont-Ferrand, that some women were stripped naked and beaten before they were raped. I am concerned not to lengthen thesedeliberations by useless citations. I hope the Tribunal will consider the facts that I have presented as constant facts. They Ere cited in the document that we are placing before you, where the Tribunal may find in extenso the writtentestimony collected on the day which followed the liberation. This systematic repetition of identical criminal proceedings in order to achieve an identical purpose, which was to bring about the reign of terror, was not the result of orders given by a subordinate who had authority only on the territory of France and who was not under the control of his government or of the Army General Staff. The same horrors, the same atrocities, were repeated in a systematic basis on all countries of the West. When one examines the manner in which these things were perpetrated by the German police, one finds that they were identical in all those countries, whether it be the case of Denmark or Belgium or Holland or Norway. Everywhere and at all times the interrogations conducted by the Gestapo were made with the same savage attitude and method, the same scorn of the rights of defense, and with the same scorn of human person. before the Tribunal, under No. 317, which contains an official report from the Danish Government, dated October, 1945. I am merely citing a few lines from this document. You will find them in the small book of documents within the large book that was delivered to you this morning. I should like to cite a few lines which we think are a summary of the whole question. This is Document F-666, which should be the sixth in your small book of documents, No. 6.
THE PRESIDENT: Does it come after 641-A?
M. DUBOST: Yes, Mr. President. major war criminals who appear before the International Military Tribunal, page 5, under the title "Torture" we read, in a brief resume, everything that concerns the question with respect to Denmark: