the assassination in Paris of the German Legation Councillor von Rath. Heydrich, Gestapo head, sent a teletype to all Gestapo and SD offices with directions for handling "spontaneous" uprisings anticipated for the nights of November 9 and IQ, 1938, and directed them to aid in destruction of Jewish-owned property and protect only that of Germans. (Document No. 765-PS.) No more cynical document ever came into evidence.
Then there is a report by an SS Brigade Leader, Dr. Stahlig, to Himmler, dated in 1942 (Document No. L-180)--and it will be put in evidence -- which recites the measures taken against Jews, as they proceeded in occupied countries, and I quote:
"Similarly, anti-semitic forces were induced to start progroms "Following our orders, the Security Police was determined to solve took the first actions by way of natural reaction.
.."
Of course, it is self-evident that these "uprisings" were managed by the government and the Nazi Party. If we were in doubt, we could resort to Streicher's memorandum of April 14, 1939, which says, "The anti-Jewish action of November, 1938 did not arise spontaneously from the people. * * * Part of the party formation have been charged with the execution of the anti-Jewish action." (Document No. 406-PS.) Jews as a whole were fined a billion Reichsmarks. They were excluded from all businesses, and claims against insurance companies for their burned properties were confiscated, all by decree of the defendant Goering. (Reich Law Register, 1938, Teil I, No. 189, pp. 1579-1582. Document No. L-1.)
Synagogues were the objects of a special vengeance. On November 10, 1938, the following order was given: "By order of the Group Commander, all Jewish Synagogues in the area of Brigade 50 have to be blown up or set afire.
* * * The operation will be carried out in civilian clothing. * * * Execution of the order will be reported * * ." (Document No. 1721-PS.) Some 40 teletype messages from various police headquarters, which will be introduced to you, will tell the fury with which all Jews were pursued in Germany on those awful November nights. The SS troops were turned loose and the Gestapo supervised. Jewish owned property was destroyed. The Gestapo ordered twenty to thirty thousand "well-to-do- Jews" to be arrested. Concentration camps were to receive them and the order provided healthy Jews, fit for labor, were to be taken. (Document No. L-13) (Document No. L-33). against the Jews expanded. The Nazi plan never was limited to extermination in Germany; always it contemplated extinguishing the Jew in Europe and often in the world. In the west, the Jews were killed and their property taken over in occupied countries. But the campaign achieved its zenith of savagery in the East. The Eastern Jew has suffered as no people every suffered. Their sufferings were carefully reported to the Nazi authorities to show faithful adherence to the Nazi design. I shall refer only to enough of the evidence of these to show the extent of the Nazi design and common plan for killing Jews. think me intemperate and unreliable. Fortunately, we need not take the word of any witness but the Germans themselves. I invite you now to look at a few of the vast number of captured German orders and reports that will be offered in evidence, to see what a Nazi invasion meant. We will present such evidence as the report of Action Group A of October 15, 1941, which boasts that in overruning the Baltic States, "Native Anti-Semitic forces were induced to start pogroms against the Jews during the first hours after occupation * * * . " (Document No. L-180, p. 4.) The report continues:
"From the beginning it was to be expected that the Jewish problem in the East could not be solved by pogroms alone.
In hilation of the Jews.
Special detachments reinforced by selected tions both in the town and in rural areas.
The actions of the execution detachments were performed smoothly."
"The sum total of the Jews liquidated in Lithuania amounts to 71,105.
During the pogroms in Kowno 3,800 Jews were elimi nated, in the smaller town about 1,200 Jews."
"In Latvia, up to now a total of 30,000 Jews was executed.
500 were eliminated by pogroms in Riga." October 20, 1941, which describes these executions in more detail. Let me quote from it:
"... The first lieutenant explained that the police of all Jews here in the town of Sluzk, within two days . . Then I requested him to postpone the action one day.
However, he allotted for Sluzk.
Within these two days, the town of Sluzk had to be cleared of Jews by all means . . . All Jews without ported in spite of our agreement.
It is true that part of delay outside of the town . . . For the rest, as regards the execution of the action.
I must point out to my deepest regret that the latter bordered already on sadism.
The town itself offered a picture of horror during the action.
With indescrib dwellings and herded together.
Everywhere in the town shots Jews accumulated.
The White Ruthenians were in greatest distress to free themselves from the encirclement. Regardless of the fact that the Jewish people, among whom were also tradesmen, were mistreated in a terribly barbarous way in the face of the White Ruthenian people, the White Ruthenians themselves were also worked over with rubber clubs and rifle butts. There was no question of an action against the Jews any more. It rather looked like a revolution. . ." slaughtered. Another example relates that - - (Document No. R-102) arrival of the Wehrmacht. report of the Wehrmacht, the Army, which became implicated in this business along with the SS. Jewish men and women above the age of 16 and capable of work were drafted for forced, labor. (P.8) Jews were subjected to all sorts of restrictions and all Jewish property was confiscated. (P.8) with the exception of doctors and elders. Only 500 of an original 4,500 Jews remained. (P.8) SD in White Ruthenia during October. demonstrating a 'provocative attitude.' (P.13) In another, 380 Jews were shot for spreading vicious propaganda. (P.13) where hundreds upon hundreds of Jews were murdered.
In one town 3,000; in another, 33,771; in another 3,145; in another 410; all listed in detail. the depths of degradation to which the tormentors stooped. For example, we will show the report made to defendant Rosenberg about the army and the SS in the area under Rosenberg's jurisdiction, which recited the following, (Document No. R. 135) and I quote:
"In the presence of SS man, a Jewish dentist has to break all gold teeth and fillings out of mouth of German and Russian Jews before they are executed." (Document B.)
It also says: burned alive. (Document A.) that they are suspected of belonging to bands. (Document C.) Jews and political opponents were asphyxiated. We could not believe it. But here we will produce for you the report of May 16, 1942 from the German SS officer, Becker, to his supervisor in Berlin, and this is the story that it tells: (Document No. 656-PS.)
Gas vans in C. group can be driven to execution spot, which is generally stationed 10 to 15 kms. from main road only in dry weather. Since those to be executed become frantic if conducted to this place, such vans become immobilized in wet weather. (Letter, p.1.) but vehicles well known to authorities and civilian population which calls them 'Death Vans'. (Letter, p.2.)
far away as possible during gassing. Unloading van after the gassing has 'atrocious spiritual and physical effect' on the men who have to unload them and they should be ordered not to participate in such work. (Letter, p.2.) one more sickening document which evidences the planned and systematic character of these Jewish persecutions. I hold an original report written with Teutonic thoroughness as to detail, illustrated with photographs to authenticate its almost incredible text, and beautifully bound in leather with the loving care bestowed to a proud work. It is the original report of the SS Brigade General Stroop in charge of the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto, and Hans Frank was Governor General of Poland. Its title page carries the inscription, "The Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw no longer exists." care the photographs (showing to Tribunal) with which this document abounds, showing the destruction of this ghetto, showing the people driven before the flames, with the title "Jews and Bandits"; women and children and old men, not a man of fighting age in the picture except the German soldiers; the masses lined up against the wall for execution; the picture to illustrate the text showing that they jumped from the windows to escape the flames.
Now, let's read what General Stroop says in here:
"The resistance put up by the Jews aid bandits could only be suppressed by energetic actions of our troops day and night. The Reichsfuehrer SS ordered, therefore on 25 April 1943 the cleaning out of the ghetto with utter ruthlessness and merciless tenacity.
I, therefore, decided to destroy and burn down the entire ghetto without regard to the armament factories. These factories were systematically dismantled and then burned. Jews usually left their hideouts, but frequently remained in the burning buildings and jumped out of the windows only when the heat became unbearable. They then tried to crawl with broken bones across the street into buildings which were not afire. Sometimes they changed their hideouts during the night into the ruins of burned buildings. Life in the sewers was not pleasant after the first week. Many times we could hear loud voices in the sewers. SS men or policemen climbed bravely through the manholes to capture these Jews. Sometimes they stumbled over Jewish corpses; sometimes they were shot at. Tear gas bombs were thrown into the manholes and the Jews driven out of the sewers and captured. Countless numbers of Jews were liquidated in sewers and bunkers through blasting. The longer the resistance continued the tougher became the members of the Waffen SS police and Wehrmacht who always discharged their duties in an exemplary manner. Frequently Jews who tried to replenish their food supplies during the night or to communicate with neighboring groups were exterminated."
This action eliminated, says the SS commander, "a proved total of 56,065 Jews. To that, he says, we have to add the number of those killed through blasting, fire etc., which cannot be counted." were the manifestation and culmination of the Nazi plan to which every defendant in this box was a party. I know very well that some of these men did tike steps to spare some particular Jew for some personal reason from the horrors that awaited the unrescued Jew.
Some protested that particular atrocities were excessive, and discredited the general policy. While a few defendants may show some efforts to make specific exceptions to the policy of Jewish extermination, I have found no instance in which any defendant opposed the policy itself or sought to revoke or even modify it. which at all times cemented the elements of this conspiracy. On many internal policies there were differences among the defendants. But there is not one of them who has not echoed the rallying cry of Naziism - GERMANY AWAKE, JEWRY PERISH.
war. to be no concern of other Governments or of international society. Certainly few oppressions or cruelties would warrant the intervention of foreign powers. But the German mistreatment of Germans is now known to pass in magnitude and savagery any limits of what is tolerable by modern civilization. Other nations, by silence, would take a consenting part in such crimes. These Nazi persecutions, moreover, take character as international crimes because of the purpose for which they were undertaken. of free labor, the churches, and the Jews was to clear their obstruction to the precipitation of aggressive war. If aggressive warfare in violation of treaty obligation is a matter of international cognizance, the preparations for it must also be of concern to the international community. Terrorism was the chief instrument for securing the cohesion of the German people in war purposes. Moreover, these cruelties in Germany served as atrocity practice to discipline the membership of the criminal organization to follow the pattern later in occupied countries. you accused as criminal organizations, the Nazi Party leaders, aided at some point in their basic and notorious purpose by each of the individual defendants instituted a reign of terror. These espionage and police organizations were utilized to hunt down every form of opposition and to penalize every noncomformity. These organizations early founded and administered concentration camps - Buchenwald in 1933, Dachau in 1934. Dachau lies but a few miles from here, and but a few hours' drive. We hope this Tribunal will visit this place and see the magnitude of the layout which goes with a concentration camp, and the implements of torture that remain. But these notorious names were not alone. Concentration camps came to dot the German map and to number scores. At first they met with resistance from some Germans. We have a captured letter from Minister of Justice Guertner to Hitler which is revealing.
(Document No. 787-PS.) A gestapo official had been prosecuted for crimes committed in one of these camps, and the Nazi Governor of Saxony had promptly asked that the proceeding be quashed. The Minister of Justice, to his credit, in June of 1935 protested because, as he called to the attention of Hitler himself and I now quote the statements of the Minister of Justice himself -"In this camp unusually grave mistreatments of prisoners has occurred at least since Summer 1933. The prisoners not only were beaten with whips without cause, similarly as in the Concentration Camp Bredow near Stettin till they lost consciousness, but they were also tortured in other manners, e.g. with the help of a dripping apparatus constructed exclusively for this purpose, under which prisoners had to stand until they were suffering from serious purulent wounds of the scalp". these concentration camps. Beatings, starvings, tortures, and killings were routine -- so routine that the tormenters became blase and careless. We will show you a report of discovery that one night, in one of these camps, 186 persons were executed while there were orders for only 180. (Document No. 653-PS.) Another report describes how they made a mistake and sent two urns to a family where there was only one victim. (Document No. 843-PS.) Inmates were compelled to execute each other. In 1942, they were paid five Reichsmarks per execution, but on June 27, 1942, SS General Gluecks ordered commandants of all concentration camps to reduce this honorarium to three cigarettes. (Document No. 1934-PS.) In 1943, the Reichs leader of the SS and Chief of German Police ordered the corporal punishments on Russian women to be applied by Polish women and vice versa, but the price was not frozen. "As reward, a few cigarettes" was authorized. (Document No. 804-PS.) Under the Nazis, human life had been progressively devalued until it finally became worth less than a handful of tobacco - ersatz tobacco. There were, however, some traces of the milk of human kindness. On August 11, 1942, an order went from Himmler to the commanders of fourteen concentration camps that "only German prisoners are allowed to beat other German prisoners." (Document No. 1654-PS.)
torture from the inmate to his family and friends. Men and women disappeared from their homes or business or from the streets, and no word came of them. The omission of notice was not due to overworked staff; it was due to policy. The Chief of the SD reported that in accordance with orders from the Fuehrer anxiety should be created in the minds of the family of the arrested person. (Document No. 668-PS.) Deportations and secret arrests were labeled, with a Nazi wit which seems a little ghoulish, "Nacht und Nebel" (Night and Fog) (Document No. 833-PS.) the Wehrmacht High Command, in which the fields were advised that this decree carries a basic innovation. "The Fuehrer and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces commands that crimes of the specified sort committed by civilians of the occupied territories, are to be punished by the pertinent courts-martial in the occupied territories only when, (a) the sentence calls for the death penalty; and (b) the sentence is pronounced within eight days after arrest. Only when both conditions are met, does the Fuehrer and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces hope for the desired deterrent effect from the conduct of punitive proceedings in the occupied territories. In other cases, in the future, the accused are to be secretly brought to Germany, and the further conduct of the trial carried on here. The deterrent effect of these measures lies (a) in allowing the disappearance of the accused without a trace; (b) therein that no information whatsoever may be given about their whereabouts and their fate."
To clumsy cruelty, scientific skill was added, "Undesirables", as they were called, were exterminated by injection of drugs into the bloodstream, by asphyxiation in gas chambers. They were shot with poison bullets, to study the effects. (Document No. 1974-PS.)
Then, to cruel experiments the Nazi added obscene ones. These were not the work of underling degenerates but of master minds high in the Nazi conspiracy. On May 20, 1942, General Field Marshal Milch authorized SS General Wolff to go ahead at Dachau Camp with so-called "cold experiments"; and four female gypsies were supplied for the purpose.
(Document No. 400-PS.) Himmler gave permission to carry on these "experiments" elsewhere. (Document No. 1615-PS.) (Document No. 1617-PS.) (Document 1971-PS.) At Dachau, the reports of the "doctor" in charge show that victims were immersed in cold water until their body temperature was reduced to 28 degrees centigrade (82.4 degrees Farenheit), when they all died immediately. (Document No. 1618-PS.) This was in August 1942. But the "doctor's" technique improved. By February, 1943, he was able to report that thirty persons were chilled to 27 to 29 degrees, their hands and feet frozen white, and their bodies "rewarmed" by a hot bath. But the Nazi scientific triumph was "rewarming with animal heat." The victim, all but frozen to death, was surrounded with bodies of living women until he revived and responded to his environment by having sexual intercourse. (Reports of Dr. Rascher, Document No. 1616-PS.) Here Nazi degeneracy reached its nadir. are in the grim business of trying men as criminals, and these are the things that their agents say happened. We will show you these concentration camps in motion pictures, just as the Allied armies found them when they arrived, and the measures General Eisenhower had to take to clean up the enormous accumulation of human bodies. Our proof will be disgusting and you will say I have robbed you of your sleep. But these are the things which have turned the stomach of the world and set every civilized hand against Nazi Germany.
Germany became one vast torture chamber. Cries of its victims were heard round the world and brought shudders to civilized people everywhere. I am one who received during this war most atrocity tales with suspicion and skepticism. But the proof here will be so overwhelming that I venture to predict not one word I have spoken will be denied. These defendants will only deny personal responsibility or knowledge. that any modern state has endured, and persecution and torture of a kind that has not been visited upon the world in many centuries, the elements of the German population which were both decent and courageous were annihilated. Those which were decent but weak were intimidated. Open resistance, which had never been more than feeble and irresolute, disappeared. But resistance, I am happy to say, always remained, although it was manifest in only such events as the abortive effort to assassinate Hitler on July 20, 1944. With resistance driven underground, the Nazi had the German State in his own hands.
But the Nazis not only silenced discordant voices. They created positive controls as effective as their negative ones. Propaganda organs, on a scale never before known, stimulated the party and party formations with a permanent enthusiasm and abandon such as we democratic people can work up only for a few days before a general election. They inculcated and practiced the Fuehrerprinzip which centralized control of the Party and of the Party-controlled state over the lives and thought of the German people, who are accustomed to look upon the German State by whomever controlled with a mysticism that is incomprehensible to my people. energy and singlemindedness to put Germany on a war footing. We will show from the Nazis' own documents their secret training of military personnel, their secret creation of a military air force. Finally, a conscript army was brought into being. Financiers, economists, industrialists, joined in the plan and promoted elaborate alterations in industry and finance to support an unprecendented concentration of resources and energies upon preparations for war.
Germany's rearmament so outstripped the strength of her neighbors that in about a year she was able to crush the whole military force of Continental Europe, exclusive of that of Soviet Russia, and then to push the Russian armies back to the Volga. These preparations were of a magnitude which surpassed all need of defense and every defendant, and every intelligent German, well understood them to be for aggressive purposes. rather cautious experiments to test the spirit and resistance of those who lay across their path. They advanced, but only as others yielded, and kept in a position to draw back if they found a temper that made persistence dangerous. ceeded to fortify it in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Pact of Locarno. They encountered no substantial resistance and were emboldered to take the next step, which was the acquisition of Austria. Despite repeated assurances that Germany had no designs on Austria, invasion was perfected. Threat of attack forced Schuschnigg to resign as Chancellor of Austria and put the Nazi defendant Seyss-Inquart in his place. The latter immediately opened the frontier and invited Hitler to invate Austria "to preserve order". On March 12th the invasion began. The next day, Hitler proclaimed himself Chief of the Austrian State, took command of its armed forces, and a law was enacted annexing Austria to Germany. Fears nevertheless had been stirred. They were lulled by an assurance to the Czechoslovak Government that there would be no attack on that country. We will show that the Nazi Government already had detailed plans for the attack. We will lay before you the documents in which these conspirators planned to create an incident to justify their attack. They even gave consideration, according to their own documents, to assassinating their own Ambassador at Prague in order to create a sufficiently dramatic incident. They did precipitate a diplomatic crisis which endured through the summer. Hitler set September 28th as the day when troops should be ready for action.
Under the threat of immediate war, the United Kingdom and France concluded a pact with Germany and Italy at Munich on September 29, 1938, which required Czechoslovakia to acquiesce in the cession of the Sudetenland to Germany. It was consummated by German occupation on October 1, 1933. but the Nazi pledge was lightly given and quickly broken. On the 15th of March, 1939, in defiance of the treaty of Munich itself, the Nazis seized and occupied Bohemia and Moravia, which constituted the major part of Czechoslovakia not already ceded to Germany. Once again the West stood aghast, but it dreaded war, it saw no remedy except war, and it hoped against hope that the Nazi fever for expansion had run its course. But the Nazi world was intoxicated by these unresisted successes in open alliance with Mussolini and in covert alliance with France. Then, having made a deceitful, delaying peace with Russia, the conspirators entered upon the final phase of the plan to renew world war. ing to the war of aggression which began with the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. The further story will be unfolded to you by the British Delegation from documents including those of the German High Command itself. I speak only of the conspiracy aspects of the aggression. The plans had been laid long in advance. As early as 1935 Hitler appointed the defendant Schacht to the position of "General Deputy for the War Economy". (Document No. 2261-PS) We have the diary of General Jodl (Document No. 1780-PS); the "Plan Otto", Hitler's own order for attack on Austria in case trickery failed (Document No. C-102); the "Plan Green" which was the blueprint for attack on Czechoslovakia; the plan for the War in the West (Document No. 375-PS); Funk's letter to Hitler dated August 25, 1939, detailing the long course of economic preparation for war (Document No. 699-PS). We have the top-secret mobilization order for 1939-40 prescribing secret steps to be taken during a "period of tension," as it was described, during which no "'state of war' will be publicly declared even if open war measures against the foreign enemy will be taken."
This latter order (Document No. 1639-PS.) is in our possession despite a secret order issued on March 16, 1945, when Allied troops were advancing into the heart of Germany, to burn these plans (Document No. 1640-PS). We have also Hitler's directive, dated December 18, 1940, for the "Barbarossa Contingency," which was a code name, outlining the strategy of the attack upon Russia (Document No. 446-PS). That plan in the original bears the initials of the defendants Keitel and Jodl. They were planning the attack and planning it long in advance of the declaration of war. We have detailed information concerning "Case White," the plan for attack on Poland (Document No. 2327-PS). That began the war. This was in June 14th. The attack did not come until September. It is a top secret document. Only twenty copies were circulated. We have number eight. It starts: "The Commander in Chief of the Armies has ordered the working out of a plan of deployment against Poland which takes in account the demands of political leadership for the opening of the war by surprise and for quick successes." It also declares that it is the duty of Commanding Generals, Provisional Commanders, and Commandants to limit as much as possible the number of persons who will be informed and to limit the extent of the information so that no persons will get information of this plan." We also have the order for the attack on England, initialed again by Keitel and Jodl. It is interesting that it commences by saying that "Although the British military position is so hopeless, they show not the slightest sign of giving in." Raeder, and Neurath, among others, that German rearmament was practically accomplished and that he had decided to secure by force, starting with a lightning attack on Czechoslovakia and Austria, greater living space for Germans in Europe no later than 1943-5 and perhaps as early as 1938. (Document L-12). Not the least incriminating are the minutes of Hitler's own meetings with his high advisors, which we have. These minutes were rather meticulously kept, as the Germans were apt to do. The Fuehrer advised his staff that "It is a question of expanding our living space in the East and of securing our food supplies . . . over and above the enormously increase the surplus."
"There is therefore no question of sparing Poland, and we are left with the decision:"
-- their own underscoring -
"To attack Poland at the first suitable opportunity.
We cannot expect a repetition of the Czech affair. There will be war."
Conclusive evidence! When these men entered Poland they knew they were precipitating war. On August 22nd, 1939 Hitler again addressed members of the High Command, telling them when the start of military operations would be ordered. He disclosed that for propaganda purposes, he would provocate a good reason. But he added, "It will make no difference whether this reason will sound convincing or not. After all, the victor will not be asked whether he talked the truth or not. We have to proceed brutally. The stronger is always right." (Document No. 1014-PS.). It was at all times utterly hopeless for the Western Powers to avoid war, because Hitler was determined to make war. In his conference with all Supreme Commanders, dated November 23, 1939, he said this: "For the first time in history we have to fight on only one front. The other front is at present free, but no one can know how long that will remain so. I have doubted for a long time whether I would strike in the East and then in the West. Basically, I did not organize the armed forces in order not to strike. The decision to strike was always in me. Earlier or later I wanted to solve the problem. Under pressure it was decided that the East was to be attacked first."
We know the bloody sequel. Frontier incidents were staged. Demands were made for cession of territory. When Poland refused, the German forces invaded on September 1st, 1939. Warsaw was destroyed; Poland fell. The Nazis, in accordance with plans which will be developed more fully by my colleagues, moved swiftly to extend their aggression throughout Europe and to gain the advantage of surprise over their unprepared neighbors and I might say parenthetically that in these remarks of Hitler he goes to some length pointing out that the powers of the West were unprepared and unexpectant of war.
Despite repeated and solemn assurances of peaceful intentions, they invaded Denmark and Norway on 9th April, 1940; Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg on 10th May, 1940; Yugoslavia and Greece on 6th April, 1941. her allies, Germany, on 23rd August, 1939 had entered into a non-aggression pact with Soviet Russia. It was only a delaying treaty intended, as the documents will show, to be kept no longer than necessary to prepare for its violation. On June 22, 1941, pursuant to long matured plans, the Nazis hurled troops into Soviet territory without any declaration of war. The entire European world was aflame. might be explained showing the violation of treaties which were involved and showing the systematic plan of violation. There is a key, as you will observe in the lower left-hand corner (indicating chart) to the treaties involved in these aggressions and each of the tongs showing the series of attacks carries marks which show the treaties that were violated. I shall not take pains to go into a detailed analysis of these documents which fall to my brethern representing the British. I think it is sufficient to show the calculated disregard, the uniform disregard, toward the entire world, the obligations under which Germany had entered. show us the Germany of 1935 and show the Germany as it stood when the Nazi conquest was at its height. This chart (indicating chart) will make plain the extent to which Germany had incorporated territory and the extent to which it had occupied and controlled territory although not incorporated. I may say that it is our purpose, as the evidence proceeds, to put these charts in such form as I have here so that you may be enabled to have them in more convenient form.
By these agressions (indicating chart) Germany had incorporated the red on the chart and it occupied and controlled the territory shown in blue, if that is the color that we would call it.
The Nazi plans did not stop at the point I have indicated. The Nazi plans involved a conspiracy with Japan. they found among the Japanese men of kindred mind and purpose. They were brothers, under the skin. General Oshima, Japanese Ambassador at Berlin. We have Mr. Himmler's original memorandum, signed with his signature. He wrote, (Document No. 2195-PS.) among other things, of his interview with Oshima, this:
"Furthermore, he (Oshima) had succeeded up to now to send 10 Russians with bombs across the Caucasian frontier.
These Russians had the mission to kill Stalin.
A number of additional frontier."
Exchanging secrets with the Japanese! Japanese ten-year military and economic alliance by which those powers agreed "to stand by and cooperate with one another in regard to their efforts in Greater East Asia and regions of Europe respectively wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things * *." Keitel. It stated that "The Fuehrer has ordered instigation of Japan's active participation in the war" and directed that "Japan's military power has to be strengthened by the disclosure of German war experiences and support of a military, economic and technical nature has to be given." The aim was stated to be to crush England quickly and "keep the United States out of this war." (Document Nos. 384-PS and 1489-PS.)
Matsuoka, the Japanese Foreign Minister, that the German Army was ready to strike against Russia. Matsuoka reassured Ribbentrop about the Far East. Japan, he reported, was acting at the moment as though she had no interest whatever in Singapore, but "intends to strike when the right moment comes." (Document No. 1877-PS.) On April 5, Ribbentrop urged Matsuoka that entry of Japan into the war would "hasten the victory" and would be more in the interest of Japan than of Germany since it would give Japan a unique chance to fulfill her national aims and to play a leading part in Eastern Asia. (Document No. 1882-PS.) leaders of Germany were planning war against the United States from its Atlantic as well as instigating it from its Pacific approaches. A captured memorandum from the Fuehrer's headquarters dated October 29, 1940, signed by General Falkonstein, asks certain information as to air bases and supply and reports.
-- Here again we do not speculate. We have the original document, signed by the General, and it says, dated October 29, 1940--.
"The Fuehrer is at present occupied with the question of the occupation of the Atlantic islands with a view to the prosecution of war against America at a later date. Deliberations on this subject are being embarked upon here." (Document No. 376-PS.) Roosevelt declared "will live in infamy," victory for German aggression seemed certain. The Wehrmacht was at the gates of Stalingrad. Taking advantage of the situation, and while her plenipotentiaries were creating a diplomatic diversion in Washington, Japan without declaration of war treacherously attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor and the Philippines.