many ramifications, single accomplices commit criminal acts comprised by the general plan of the conspiracy, but they can practically remain unknown to a number of the members of this society. Nevertheless, as these crimes result from a single criminal plan, common to the whole society, the accomplices who have not personally committed, these separate criminal actions and were not practically informed of them, bear the responsibility for them. the circumstance that, for instance, Schirach could be unaware of some of the measures taken by the slave trader Sauckel or the "pogrom maker" Streicher. Neither is the existence of the conspiracy precluded by the differences of opinion among individual accomplces of the conspiracy concerning particular questions such as the intrigues of Goering against Bormann etc. Such dissensions may take place in any band of robbers or thieves, but the gang does not cease to exist on account of this. Very often the head of a criminal band usurps the unlimited power over the other members of the band, even the very right of life and death. However it seems that it never occurred to any lawyer in the world to deny the existence of a criminal society only because its accomplices were not alike and one of them had power over the others. present case on account of the indisputable fact that great personal power was concentrated in the hands of the ring leader - Hitler. In the same way the existence of the conspiracy does not preclude, but on the contrary it implies, a definite distribution of the parts played by the accomplices of the criminal group, when achieving the common aim (one coordinates the entire criminal activity, the other is in charge of the questions of ideological training, the third one prepares the army, the fourth organises the work of the war industry, the fifth carries on the diplomatic preparations, etc.) Therefore, the Fascist conspiracy does not cease being a conspiracy, but is a conspiracy were examined in detail by my honorable colleagues.
As you have seen, your himself.
He was his first successor. He took upon himself extensive powers, Airforce.
The main point is that this extensive field was utilized by him and 39 SA in February 1933 at a conference with the prominent German industrialists, 18 Goering took upon himself this task.
He exterminated ruthlessly the all people who disagreed with fascism.
He created the Gestapo, which from the day of its birth established a bloody regime of terror.
He dePS It is he, Goering, who declared: "Each bullet fired from the pistol 2324 USA of a policement, is my bullet, and if anyone calls it murder, this means 233 that I have committed murder" (from Goering's book 'Rebirth of a Nation'-published by him in 1934). PS- Goering was tireless in his efforts to abbihilate everybody and everything 3442 USA- which hampered the consolidation of this conspiracy.
And Hitler praised. 576 him for this.
For example, on 13.VII.1934 he declared to the Reichstag that Goering:
"... with his iron fist smashed the attack against the national-socialist state before it could take force".All this terroristic activity of Goering's was calculated to clear the way for the realization of the fundamental idea of the fascist conspiracy, i.e.The legal proceedings have proved Goering's guilt in the planning and the PS- active part played by Goering in the initiation of aggressive wars.
I 3441 USA shall remind you of Goering's declaration in 1935 at a conference of the 437 Luftwaffe officers.
At that conference he declared that it is his intention "to create the Luftwaffe which shall strike the enemy as an avenging blow.
Even before the attack, the enemy must feel that his cause is lost", and this intention, as we know, he put into effect, preparing P-140 1938, Goering hints that war is near, and that, if Germany come victorious USA160 out of it, she will be the most powerful state in the world, dominating the world market and she will become rich.
To attain this objective "We must be prepared to take risks". Such was the slogan which Goering On 14.
X.1938, not long before he presented demands to Czechsslovakia PS-1301 USA- Goering declares that he has began carrying out a vast program in com123 Trans. parison with which previous undertakings were insignificant. Evn.Sess. 23.XI. "In the shortest possible time, the Luftwaffe must be increased fivefold; page the Navy must be rearmed at a much greater speed, and the Army must be 18.
rearmed much more extensively... especially as regards the heavy artillery and the heavy tanks.
At the same time, the production of war PS-447 The active participation of Goering in the preparation for aggresUSA-135 1185- sion against the USSR has been established beyond all doubt. PS USA-141 The Tribunal will find proof of Goering's active participation as zation of economic staff "Oldenbourg", in the record of the conference the conference with Hitler on 16.
7.1941, gave concrete form to the plans and the plundering of its riches.
The plan to "level Leningrad to the L-221 USA- ground and hand it over to the Finns" was conceived with his participation. 317 kommissar for the Ukraine, as a "personality with great initiative and good training". Lamp during the evening session of 25.
1.1946, concerning the executions the extermination camps of Auschwitz and Majdanek, the Notes of People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of USSR, Molotov, of 24.
XI.1941 and 27.
VI.1942, presented to the Court, concerning the monstrous treatment in for which Goering is personally greatly responsible.
I shall also remind USSR341 about the depositions of the witness Halder on 31.X.1945 which described PS-884 USA-351 the conference at Hitler's office on the non-application of the Hague PS-1191 Trans convention with respect to the treatment of Russian war-prisoners and the Mn.sess. 13.2.46 order issued from Hitler's headquarters on 12.5.1941 concerning the treatpp 30 All these facts of crimes, established beyond doubt before the Court, SSR-89 In the "12 Commandments for the behaviour of the Germans in the East" of 1 June 1941, the sixth commandment reads as follows:
"You must clearly understand that for a whole century you bearers of national socialism in new Europe.
You must, requested of you by the State."
of the penalty of 1 billion and other decrees; such activity was in full keeping with the whole world of Goering's cannibalistic conception of the USA-588 Trans.
whilst in 1935, he made a speech before the Reichstag in the defense of even.s. 8.1.46 the Nurnberg racial provocators. On that occasion, he loudly declared; page 21 "...God has created races, He did not will equality and for this reason we reject (energetically every attempt to pervert the idea of the purity of race.
.." C-410 Goering's order issued on 19 October 1939 demonstrates clearly the SA-298 on the attitude towards the Russians:
EC -126 "Germany is not interested in maintaining the productivity USA-316 USSR-93 in this territory. She is supplying food only to the troops USSR-36 USSR-60 stationed there.... The population in those regions, and especially the urban population, is doomed to starvation.
It will be necessary to deport this population to Siberia." USSR-93 In his capacity as Plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan, Goering USSR-36 USSR-60 is responsible for the plunder and the spoliation of state property and territories of the USSR' in Czechoslovkai, Poland, Jugoslavia, and other countries.
It was indeed Goering who headed the activity of the nazi con1157-PS A conference in connection with the elaboration of economic measures USA-141 treacherous attack against the USSR.
As a result of this conference, there was created the economic staff of special purpose "Olderbourg" which was subordinated to Goering.
The creation of special economci inspectorates and units in the largest centers of the USSR was planned; they were to USSR-89 The file of the district agricultural fuehrer contained instructions methods is for the fulfillment of their criminal aims.
The demand for ruthUSSR-2 The report of the USSR Extraordinary State Commission on the crimes USSR-9 L-79 The utilization of forced labour had been planned by the Nazis even USA-27 before the war.
It is sufficient to remind you of the conference at Hitler's USSR-10 At the conferences of 7 November 1941 and in his order issued on USSR-386 USSR- 10 January 1942, Goering demanded of all the departments subordinated to On 6.8.42 Goering held a conference with the Reichskommissars for the USSR- occupied territories and the representatives of military command.
said:
"You are being sent there not to work for the welfare of the I intend to plunder and to do it efficiently."
These intentions were carried out. Goering plundered; the Reichs plundered; the representatives of military command plundered, beginning Such was the activity of the defendant.
Goering.
Trans. It was Hess who had been the leader of the Fascist organization, of the even.
s.
7-2-46. University of Munich, It was he who had participated in the Munich Puts p. 37-38 "Mein Kampf", carrying out the duties of Hitler's private secretary.
It policy of the Fascist cutthroats as "Deputy-Fuehrer" after the seizure PS-3196, It was indeed Hess to whom, according to Hitler's decree of 21 trans.
even. s. April 1933,"the full right was given to take decisions on behalf of 7-2-46 p. 38-39 Hitler on all questions concerning the leadership of the party." Transc. After this, Hess continued to take over one new post after the other even. s. 7-2-46 in Hitler's government. After 1 December 1933 he was Reichsminister withp. 42 37-38 out portfolio "to secure close collaboration of the party and shock 1395-PS GB-252 troops with the civil authorities; on 4 February 1938 he was appointed 1389-PS GB-249 member of the secret council; on 30 August 1939, member of the Cabinet 2018-PS GB-250 for the defense of the Reich, and on 1 September 1939 Hitler declared Hess as successor of Goering.
Hess was also appointed Obergruppenfuehrer D-138 By the Decree of 27 July 1934 Hitler obliged all leaders of all the USA-403 D-139 departments and ministries of Germany to present projects of laws to Hess USA-404 PS-3180 Hess had to select and nominate leadership corps of the Fascist trans. even. s. cadres. This is testified to by Hitler's decree of 24 September 1935 7-2-46 p. 49-50 and by other documents submitted to the Tribunal by the Prosecution.
planning and carrying out aggressive wars. All the aggressive actions of Hitler's Germany had been planned and prepared with the direct assisM-102 GB-260 Already on 12th October 1936 in his speeches made in Bavaria, Hess appealed to the German "to use a little less fat, a little less perk, fewer eggs.
..."."We know", said Hess, "that the foreign currency that is saved in this way, goes for armament.
And the slogan of the day is 'Cannons instead of butter.
'" M-105 Hess spoke about this on the eve of his flight to England on 1st GB-261 transc. May 1941, speaking at the Messerschmitt factory when he made an appeal even s. 7/11/46 for the continuation of an aggressive war. page 56 Trans. Together with Hitler, Goering and other leaders of the Nazi coneven. s. 7/11/46 spiracy, Hess signed the decrees concerning the annexation of other page 65 PS-3179 The misanthropic Nurnberg laws, for the publishing of which the USA-200 Transc.
defendant is also responsible, contain a special provision authorizing even. s. 7/11/16 Frick and Hess to issue the necessary decrees to carry these laws into p. 53-54 effect.
Hess signed the law on the "protection of race and honour", extending the Nurnberg laws to Austria.
The question of the part played, in creating SD (Security Service) and recruitment of SS units has been Transc.
The very position occupied by Hess in the Fascist party and Hitler's 7/11/46 Government shows the active leading participation of the defendant p. 56-61 M-102 Your Honours, in order to evaluate more correctly the importance GB-254 leaders of the Nazi Party and Hitler's Government, I shall remind you of the article in the newspaper "National Zeitung" of 24 April 1941, dedicated to Hess:
"Many years ago, it was before the beginning of the war Rudolf Hess was called "the conscience of the Party". If we inquire why this honorable name was given to Fuehrer's deputy, it is not difficult to answer this question:
There the name of the deputy Fuehrer.
He is so versatile and cannot be described in a few words.
... Many measures carried and in the party were realized entirely by the deputy Fuehrer.
' Transc. Hess refused to give explanations to the Tribunal. His Counsel even. s. 22 March Seidl declared with false pathos that Hess considered the present Tribunal 1946 incompetent to judge the German war criminals.
... and immediately after.
Transc. Hess even tried to declare himself insane to avoid the merited 1945 punishment.
But when Hess convinced himself that such a maneuvre p. 57-58 of Hitler's regime.
He was one of these who committed the most outrageous effect and resulted in the annihilation of Jews.
By this activity of his, he won the confidence of Hitler, he was "authorized to represent the party in the field of government activity" (regulations and orders of the party chancellory v. II p. 228) and he did represent it.
Bormann not only knew of all the aggressive plans of Hitler's the aggressive plans of Hitler's Government, and appointed the party Gauleiters as Plenipotentiaries for the Reich defense in the regions of their activity.
part in all treasures of the German military and civil authorities for the inhuman exploitation of war prisoners.
This is proved by the murderous instructions and (directions issued by Bormann.
part in the measures of Hitler's government connected with the de Germanization, was carried out with Bormann's approval.
By Hitler's order of 18th October 1944, Bormann and Himmler were en trusted with the leadership of the "Volkssturm" consisting of all men PS-3018 from 16-60 years of age, capable of wearing, weapons.
On the eve of the sollapse of Hitler's Germany, Bormann headed the under-ground organization "Wehrwolf" for divertionist and subversive USA-690 Bormann took a direct part in plundering historical treasures and 1690-PS USA-692 occupied territories.
061-PS Such are the crimes of the defendant Bormann, Hitler's closest colla Hitler's government and of the Nazi party.
2829-PS USA-5 this actually occurred, and he became shortly the official advisor of the Party, inasmuch as he was the "collaborator of the Fuehrer Ribbentrop's promotion is indissolubly connected, with the development of the Nazi conspirators' activity which was directed against the In his testimony, Ribbentrop declared:
"He (Hitler) knew that I was Session of his loyal collaborator". That is why on 4 February 1938, Hitler made 2.4.46, transcript the convinced and faithful nazi-Ribbentrop, the official leader of page 19 (evening) foreign policy, a post which was one of the most important levers foreign policy.
As member of the Hitlerite Government, the Reich tion of aggressive wars.
That is why he, Ribbentrop, although he was Transcript ev.session utilization of manpower in wratime, the organization of the concentra2.4.46, pp 6-8 tion camps, and so forth, In this connection, it should be noted that USSR-120 submission of Europe to Germany.
This coincidence is no accident, out some reason.
And Hitler was not mistaken in his choice, for to the Austrian Chancellor Schussnigg and the latter's Foreign Minister 1938, during which a decision was made for the execution of plan "Gruen Doc.
On 26 January 1939, in Warsaw, the Foreign Minister of fascist 2530-PS GB-36. Germany, Ribbentrop declared: "that the consolidation of friendly reTranscript Morn.sess- lations between Germany and Poland on the basis of existing agreements, ion.6.12.45 Pages 6-7 constituted the most important factor of German's foreign policy".
Jugoslavia in April, 1938, that after the Anschluss Germany's frontiers Transcrips) carried out with the assistance of the defendant Ribbentrop.
on 12 and *.12.4-5 afternoon 13 August 1939 at the conference of Hitler and Ribbentrop with Ciano session . 6. at Salzburg an agreement was reached concerning the liquidation of the SA-135, PS-447 The defendant Ribbentrop himself admitted here, in the Court room SA-31, PS-446SSR-263 that at the end fo August and the beginning of September 1940, i.e. at SSR-149 SSR-156 the time when the elaborate plans of the plan "Barbarossa" was being 2896-PS Already after the beginning of the aggression of Germany against USA-155 to attract new accomplices to Germany's side.
Thus in a telegram to the German Ambassador in Tokio of 10th July 1941 he waid:
I beg you to try Japan start war against Russia as soon as possible.
The sooner -
the better. The final aim should be that Japan and we shake hands on the Siberian railway before winter comes on."
temporarily occupied territories of Soviet Union. The defendant, 1039-PS In his "Report about preparatory work on the EasternUS-146 European question" he wrote:
"As a result of the negoTranscript tiations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the 10.12.45 latter appointed General Consul Mr. Brotigham as their morn.sess. representative to Rosenberg. Defendant Rosenberg's p.38 Office. Transcript The defendant was compelled to admit that he had known 2.4.46. the notes of the Public Commissar of Foreign Affaris W.M. afternoon Molotiv concerning the atrocities of the Hitlerites in the sess. temporarily occupied territories of the Soviet Union. He, p.13 as well as the other conspirators, had also known the other declarations of the Chief's of the Allied Governments Tr.27.
3.46 von Ribbentrop, as the witness for the defense the former morn.sess. Secretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs conpp.53-54. firmed, had been one of the initiators and was intended to Tr.2.4.46 Ribbentrop himself admitted at the Trial that he had negomorn.sess tiated with the Governments of European countries about the p.6 banishment of the Jews. (3688-PS According the record of Ribbentrop's conversation with Horty RF-502) "The Minister of Foreign Affairs declared to Horty that the camps.
There could be no other decision".
of the existence of the concentration camps through he In order to carry out this task, and on Ribbentrop's instructions, a "Battalion of Special Service" had been created at the Ministry of aggressive plundering wars; together with the other conspirators, he Trial may be said to form a military group.
If we do not include Goe and Taedar.
In the course of these proceedings not only have all the including those applied for by the Defense, could not but tip the scales in favor of the Prosecution.
clients had become involved in this sinister tragedy by a whim of fate in spite of themselves. court, try to appear in the role of noble simpletons. We must do the defense justice: it did its best to aid them in this attempt. We have heard a great deal about the soldier's honot, military discipline, fidelity to duty and oath of allegiance - all making obligatory, therefore, the fulfillment of Hitler's orders, including those which aroused their doubts and direct protest. Such a view of their position completely distorts the actual state of affairs. Before passing to the question of the guilt of Keitel, Jodl, Doenitz and Raeder, I deem it necessary to put the following 4 questions, and to answer them:
1) Did these defendants know that Hitlerite sive and predatory wars?
2) Did they take an active part in planning, wars?
3) Are they guilty of cynically trampling down the laws and customs of warfare?
4) Are they responsible for the atrocities and Hitlerite Reich military machine?
gone into all the details of this case, unless one remains blind to the facts, it is impossible to give other than an affirmative answer to these questions.