his throat cut; again the usual spurt of blood falling into a basin on the floor, and the caption to that picture is as follows: "The ritual murder of the boy Heinrich, in the year 1345; the Jews in Munich slaughtered a non-Jewish boy. The martyr was declared holy by the church."
On page 7 appears another photo-picture "The Holy Gabriel. This boy was crucified and tortured to death by the Jews in the year 1690. The blood was drawn off him."
I am sorry! The caption that I read then was in respect of the photograph on page 8 and not on page 7. The picture on page 7 is said to represent three ritual murders. Wallfahrts Chapel, and it represents the ritual murder of a boy Werner. It is a somewhat disgusting picture of the boy strung up by his feet and being murdered by two Jews.
Page 12 reproduces; another picture taken from the same place. The caption is:
"The embalmed body of Trient who was tortured to death by the Jews."
Page 13 has another picture; somebody else having a knife stuck into him, more blood coming out into a basin.
On page 14 are two pictures. The one at the top is said to be the ritual murder of the boy Andreas and the one at the bottom is the picture of a tombstone, the caption of which reads as follows;
"The tombstone of Hilsner." This is the memorial to a Jewish ritual murderer Leopold Hilsner. He was found guilty of two ritual murders and was condemned to death by hanging in two trials. The emporer was bribed and pardoned him. Masaryk, the friend of the Jews, liberated him from penal servitude in 1918. On his tombstone lying Jewry calls this twofold murderer an innocent victim." having her throat cut in the same way; and perhaps I might refer to page 17, which produces a picture of the Archbishop of Canterbury and a picture of him of an old Jewish man, and the caption says:
"Dr. Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the highest dignitary of the English Church and his allies, a typical example of the Jewish Race." The last page, page 18 produces a picture called "Holy Simon who was tortured to death." incitement to the people of Germany who read it, an incitement to murder. It is filled with pictures of murder, murder alleged to be against the German people and is an encouragement to all who read if, and to avenge themselves in the same way. That document becomes GB-173.
DR. MARX: (Counsel for Defendant Streicher): The Defendant, Julius Streicher, called my attention this very moment to the fact that he has not been given the opportunity to prove from where these pictures, which have been referred to just now, have been taken from. It is, in the opinion of the Defense, necessary that the origin of these pictures should be clarified before the Tribunal, otherwise one could think that these pictures had been especially prepared for the "Die Sturmer" without any source. Streicher, however, points out that these pictures originate from recognized sources of history, I would therefore like to suggest that the Prosecution should submit all its material as to sources from the articles of the "Die Sturmer" which have been referred to. I think that these articles should prove the sources from which Streicher got these pictures.
THE PRESIDENT: Do the articles show the sources? Do the articles themselves indicate the sources?
DR. MARX: Yes
THE PRESIDENT: According to Streicher?
DR. MARX: Yes.
SIR GRIFFITH-JONES: I should have said so. There wasn't any intention to misrepresent the matter, that these pictures are taken from original pictures. These were not invented by the newspaper and in some cases the sources are shown in the caption. This is a collection of medieval pictures and frescoes dealing with this matter. In actual fact the papers show in almost all cases where they come from.
DR. MARX: Thank you.
SIR GRIFFITH-JONES: I beg the Court's pardon. I have the actual facts, although they do show on the face of them the origin.
THE PRESIDENT: You already stated the alleged date of the pictures and, therefore, they are sketched with the origin. SIR GRIFFITH-JONES: Yes, sir, I have.
THE PRESIDENT: What I said was, that you have already given us the dates of them which stated they were medieval.
SIR GRIFFITH-JONES. That is so. My Lord, in January 1938 -- and it will be remembered that in 1938 the persecution of the Jews became more and more severe -- in January 1938, for some reason or another, another special issue of the "Der Sturmer" was published. If the Tribunal would look at page 34 of their Document Book I will quote a short passage from the leading article in that part, an article written by the Defendant.
"The supreme aim and highest task of the state is therefore to conserve people, blood and race. But if this is the supreme task, any crime against this law must he punished with the supreme penalty. The Sturmer takes therefore the view that there are only two punishments for the crime of polluting the race:
"1. Penal servitude for life for attempted race pollution.
"2. Death for committing race pollution." this was, if the Tribunal will turn over to the next page you will see the headlines set out for some of the articles that are contained in that edition:
"Jewish race polluters at work." The next one:
"Fifteen years old non-Jewess ravaged." The next one:
"A dangerous race polluter. He regards German women as fair game for himself." The next one:
"The Jewish sanatorium. A Jewish institution for the cultivation of race pollution." The next one:
"Rape of a feeble-minded girl." And lastly:
"The Jewish butler. He steals from his Jewish masters and commits race pollution." lines. It is an article appearing in "Der Sturmer," and it is trye that it is not an article actually written by the Defendant Streicher but by his editor, Karl Holz:
"The revenge will break loose one day and will exterminate Jewry from the surface of the earth."
And again on page 37, in September 1938, the "Der Sturmer" has written an article in which the last two lines read as follows: This is a reference to the Jews:
"A parasite, an enemy, an evil-dooer, a disseminator of diseases who must be destroyed in the interest of mankind." anda for the persecution of the Jews, this is propaganda for the extermination of Jews, for the murder not of one man but of millions.
The next document in Document Book, on page 38, has already" been put in evidence and read to the Tribunal. It is US 260. It appears in the Document Book and was read into the transcript at page 1438. This is a short article appearing in December 1938, No. 50 of the "Der Sturmer."
I would draw the Tribunal's attention again to the next document which is a picture taken from that same copy. It shows the upper part of a girl's body being strangled by the arms of a man with his hands around her neck and the shadow of the man's face is shown against the background, quite obviously with Jewish features. The caption under that picture is as follows:
"Castration for Race Polluters.
"Only heavy penalties will preserve our womenfolk from a tighter grip from ghastly Jewish claws.
"The Jews are cur misfortune."
I pause for the moment from, the "Der Sturmer" to a particular incident that occurred, in which the Defendant Streicher took a leading part. It will be remembered that the organized demonstrations against the Jews took place the 9th and 10th of November 1938. All this propaganda, as I say, was becoming fiercer and more ferocious. In the autumn of that year the Defendant Streicher organized the breaking up of the Nurenberg synogogues on the occasion of a meeting of press representatives in Nurnberg. That incident has in fact been referred to previously in this case and the documents in connection with it are PS-1724, which was put in as US 266 and was referred to and read in the transcript at page 1443.
crane in motion with which the Jewish symbols will be torn down from the synagogue; and another document which was also put in, PS-2711, which became US 267, and was read in the transcript on page 1443 also. I quote two lines from it:
"***the Synagogue is being demolished: Julius Streicher himself inaugurates the work by a speech lasting more than an hour and a half. By his order. By his order then - so to speak as a prelude of the demolition - the tremendous Star of David came off the cupola." stration of that year. I do not suggest that he was responsible for the idea of them. The evidence against him is confined only to the part that he took in his Gau in Franconia. demonstrations as they were reported in the Fraenkische Tageszeitung which, of course, was his paper, on the 11th of November. I quote:
"In Nurnberg and Furth it resulted in demonstrations by the crowd against the Jewish murders. These lasted until the early hours of the morning. Far too long had one watched the activities of the Jews in Germany.
And then I go to the last three lines of that paragraph:
"After midnight the excitement of the populace reached its peak and a large crowd marched to the synagogues in Nurenberg and Furth and burned these two Jewish buildings, where the murder of Germans had been preached.
"The fire-brigades, which had been notified immediately, saw to it that the fire was continued to the original outbreak. The windows of the Jewish shopkeepers, who still had not given up hope of selling their junk to the stupid Goims, were smashed. Thanks to the disciplined behaviour of the SA men and the police, who had rushed to the scene, there was no plundering."
Streicher's speech on the 10th of November, the day of the demonstration. I will quote two paragraphs from that page, or rather, starting in the middle of the first paragraph:
"From the cradle, the Jew is not being taught, like we are, such texts as, 'Though shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, or 'If you are smitten on the left cheek, offer then your right one'. No, he is told: With the non-Jew you can do whatever you like.' He is even taught that the slaughtering of a non-Jew is an act pleasing to God. For 20 years we have been writing about this in the 'Steurmer', for 20 years we have been preaching it throughout the world and we have made millions recognize the truth."
I go to the last paragraph:
"The Jew slaughtered in one night 75,000 people; when he emigrated to Egypt he killed all the first-born, i.e. a whole future generation of Egyptians. What would have happened if the Jew had succeeded in driving the nations into war against us, and if we had lost the war? The Jew protected by foreign bayonets, would have fallen on us and would have slaughtered and murdered us. Never forget what history has taught us." in the Gau of Franconia in connection with the organized Aryanization of Jewish property. Aryanization of Jewish property was, of course, regulated by the State, and under a decree it had been laid down that the proceeds or any proceeds that there might be from taking over Jewish properties and giving them to Aryans, all such proceeds were to go to the State. What apparently happened in Franconia was that a good deal of the proceeds never found their way as far as the State, and as a result Goering set up a commission to investigate what had taken place.
We have the report of that commission, and I would refer the Tribunal to certain short passages in it. On page 45, we see from that report exactly what had been taking place in this Defendant Streicher's Gau. I quote from under the words "the 9th and 10th November, 1938", or perhaps from the paragraph before that, opposite of where it says "page 13": -
DR. HANS MARK (Counsel for Defendant Streicher): I am Dr. Marx, Counsel for Julius Streicher. The prosecutor intends to refer as proof of irregularities which -- well, as far as Aryanization of shops in Nurnberg is concerned -- he wants to refer for that purpose to a book which the Deputy Gauleiter Holz, in his examination, has given to the prosecution. I would like to protest against the use of this report. Between Streicher and his Deputy Gauleiter Holz there existed a considerable difference of opinion, if not enmity. His Deputy Gauleiter Holz was exactly the person because of whom these measures were taken. It is not at all proof that Streicher had anything to do with these measures. It is rather to be assumed that Holz, in order to cover himself, has made statements here which he himself couldn't stand for if he would appear as a witness here today. Therefore, it is here with this report a question of statements of a man who was involved in this matter, a man who participated in these deeds, and of a man who was an enemy of Streicher, the defendant. Holz incriminated Streicher on account of the fact that Streicher didn't cover him up as against the commission which had been instituted by Goering at the time. Therefore I do not think that this report should and could be used.
THE PRESIDENT: Have you said what you wished to say?
DR. MARX: Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal considers that this document, being an official document, is admissible under Article 21, and that the objections which you have made to it are not objections which go to its admissibility as evidence, but go to its weight; and as to that, you will have an opportunity to develop your objections at a later stage when you come to speak. The Tribunal rules that the document is admissible.
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, I read from the center of that page 45 of the document book:
"Following upon the November demonstrations, the Deputy Gauleader Holz, took up the Jewish questions. His reasons can be given here in detail an the basis of his statement of the 25th of March, 1939:
"The 9th and 10th of November, 1938.
"In the night of the 9th and 10th November and on the 10th of November, 1938, events took place throughout Germany which I" -- and I emphasize that that is Holz speaking -- "considered to be the signal for a completely different treatment of the Jewish question in Germany. Synagogues and Jewish schools were burnt down and Jewish property was smashed both in shops and in private houses. Besides this, a large number of particular Jews were taken to concentration camps by the police. Towards midday we discussed these events in the Gauleiter's house. All of us were of the opinion that we now faced a completely new state of affairs on the Jewish question. By the great action against the Jews, carried out in the night and morning of the 10th of November, all guiding principles and all laws on the subject had been made illusory. We were of the opinion (particularly myself) that we should now act on our own initiative in this respect. I proposed to the Gauleiter that in view of the great existing lack of housing, the best thing would be to put the Jews into a kind of internment camp. Then the houses would become free in a twinkling, and the housing shortage would be relieved, at least if part. Besides that, we would have the Jews under control and supervision. I added 'The same thing happened to our prisoners of war and war internees.' The Gauleiter said that this suggestion was for the time being impossible to carry out. Thereupon I made a new proposal to him. I said to him that I considered it unthinkable that, after the Jews had had their property smashed, they should continue to be able to own houses and land. I proposed that these houses and this land ought to be taken away from them, and declared myself ready to carry through such an action. I declared that by the Aryanization of Jewish land and houses a large sum could accrue to the Gau out of the proceeds. I named some million of marks. I stated that, in my opinion, this Aryanization could be carried out as legally as the Aryanization of shops.
The Gauleiter's answer was something to this effect: 'If you think you can carry this out, do so. The sum gained will then be used to build a Gau school.'" I go down now to opposite whereit says "Page 18":"The Aryanization was accomplished by the alienation of properties, the surrender of claims, especially mortgage claims, and reductions in buying price.
"The payment allowed the Jews was basically 10% of the nominal value or nominal sum of the claim. As a justification for these low prices, Holz claimed, at the Berlin meeting of the 6th of February, 1939, that the Jews had mostly bought their property during the inflation period for a tenth of its value. As has been shown by investigating a large number of individual cases selected at random, this claim is not true." part of this report, and that part of the report is really the part containing the findings of the commission. I quote from the top of the page, page 48 of the document book.
THE PRESIDENT: Is this still part of the report?
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: This is still part of the report. It is, in fact, the findings of the commission.
"Gauleiter Streicher likes to beat people with a riding whip but only if he is in the company of several persons assisting him. Usually the beatings are carried out with sadistic brutality.
"The best known case is that of Steinruck whom he beat bloodily in the prison cell, together with Deputy Gauleiter Holz and SA Brigadier General Koenig. After returning from this scene to the 'Deutscher Hof' he said: 'Now I am relieved. I needed that again!' Later he also stated several times that he needed, another Steinruck case in order to 'relieve' himself.
"In August 1938, he beat Editor Burker at the District House together with District Office Leader Schoeller and his Adjutant, Koenig.
"On the 2nd of December 1938 he asked to have three youthful criminals (15 to 17 years old) who had been arrested for robbery brought to the room of the director of the Criminal Police Office in Nurnberg-Furth.
Streicher, who was accompanied by his son, Lothar, had the youths brought in singly and question them about their sex life and in particular, through clear and detailed questioning, he laid stress on determining whether and since when they masturbated."
THE PRESIDENT: Is it necessary to go into it?
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: I quote the last two lines of that "The last one of these three boys he beat with his riding whip, with blows on the head and on the rest of the body."
"According to reports of reliable witnesses, Gauleiter he said that nobody could remove him from office.
In a meeting at "For, this also must be stated here, in Franconia the to approve."
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal isn't altogether satisfied that
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, it is the object of that ruled; and secondly to show the absolute authority with which this Defendant acted in his district.
That is the purpose of that control of his newspaper.
I would only quote one further short extract from the "Steurmer," an article written by him on the 4th "It is really the truth that the Jews, so to speak, have Europe, has ceased to exist.
However, the Fuehrer of the German pass."
on in the East, of which this Court has had such evidence. That was written November, 1913.
In April '43, the Tribunal will remember, the Warsaw ghetto was destroyed.
Between April 191.2 and I leave the "Der Stuermer" and I would draw the attention of the other aspect of this man's activity, and that is the particular or the perversion of the children and the youth of Germany.
He was not content with inciting the German population.
He seized the poison their minds at the earliest possible date.
In some of the teaching them anti-Semitism.
I refer now to page 54 of the document starting in the middle of the last paragraph.
It is a report of a speech by Streicher as early as June, 1925, when he says:
"I repeat, we demand the transformation of the school into a national German institution of education. If we let German children be taught by German teachers, then we shall have laid the foundations for the national German school. This national German school must teach racial doctrine." following page.
"We demand, therefore, the introduction of racial doctrine into the school."
That is in a copy of "Der Stuermer", which has already been put in.
It is GB 165.
The following document is an extract from the "Fraenkische Tageszeitung" of the 19th of March 1934, when he addressed a girl's school at Preisslerstrasse after their finishing their vocational course. He was continually holding children's meetings and attending children's schools. I quote the third paragraph:
"Then Julius Streicher spoke about his life and told them about a girl who at one time went to his school and who fell for a Jew and was finished for the rest of her life".
"I needn't read the rest. It is all in the same tone. I read the last paragraph only. I think I can omit the whole of the rest of that. That becomes GB 177. celebration, some pagan rite where the youth of Nuernberg were rallied, organized, or at least encouraged by the defendant Streicher. On Page 58 of the document book is a report taken from his paper, "Fraenkische Tageszeitung", of his speech to the Hitler Youth on what they called the "Holy Mountain" near Nuernberg, on the 22nd of June 1935.
"Boys and girls, look back to a little more than ten years ago. A great war---the World War---had whirled over the peoples of the earth and had left in the end a heap of ruins. Only one people remained victorious in this dreadful war, a people of whom Christ said its father is the devil. That people had ruined the German nation in body and soul. Then Adolf Hitler, unknown to anybody, arose from among the people and became the voice which called to a holy war and battle. He cried to the people for everybody to take courage again and to rise and get a helping hand to take the devil from the German people, so that the human race night be free again from these people that have wandered about the world for centuries and millenia, marked with the sign of Cain.
"Boys and girls, even if they say that the Jews were once the chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we say that the Jews are not a chosen people. Because it cannot be that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the Jews do today".And so on, with similar kind of propaganda.
That document will be GB-178. see that it was a report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at Nuernberg at Christmas-time, 1936. Underlined it says "Do you know who the Devil is", he asked his breathlessly listening audience. "The Jew, the Jew", resounded from a thousand children's voices."
But he wasn't content only with writing and talking. I beg your pardon, that becomes GB-179. He was not content with talking and meeting them and writing. He actually issued a book for teachers, a book which he published from His "Der Stuermer" offices, called "The Jewish question and school instruction."
I have not had the whole of that book translated. It is addressed to school teachers. It is intended for their benefit, and it emphasizes the necessity of anti-Semitic teaching in schools, and it suggests ways in which the subject can be introduced and handled. which have been taken from that book. The preface part of it is as follows:
"The national socialist state brought fundamental changes into all spheres of life of the German people.
"It has also presented the German teacher with some new tasks. The national socialist state demands that its teachers instruct German children in social questions. As far as the German people is concerned the racial question is a Jewish question. Those who want to teach the child all about the Jew must themselves have a thorough knowledge of the subject."
I will quote from the paragraph opposite Page 5 in the margin. The whole of the rest of the Extracts are really suggestions for teachers as to how to introduce the Jewish subject into their teaching, and at Page 5, the introduction:
"Racial and Jewish questions are the fundamental problems of the national socialist ideology.
The solution of these problems will secure the existence of National Socialism and with this the existence of our nation for all time. The enormous significance of the racial question is recognized almost without exception today by all the German people. In order to attain this recognition, our people had to travel through a long road of suffering."
DR. MARX: (Counsel for Streicher): I would like to point out the following: The prosecutor omitted in his presentation that the book he just referred to, that this book was not written by Streicher, the defendant, but by Mr. Fink. If the prosecutor would have read the next sentence in that case the Tribunal would have known about this point. My client has called my attention to this point." I myself notice it also because the following sentence reads as follows:
"Schulrat Fritz Fink wants to help the German teachers with his book in giving instruction in schools." It is perfectly clear that Fink is the author of the book. author of this little booklet,
THE PRESIDENT: Have you finished what you wish to say?
DR. MARX: Yes, sir, I have finished what I wanted to say.
THE PRESIDENT: I would point out to you that although the book does appear to have written by Fritz Fink, which is stated in the paragraph at the top, it has a preface by Streicher, so we may presume that Streicher authorized it; and it was published and printed by "Der Stuermer."
DR. MARX: That is correct. May I add something? I just wanted to call the attention of the Tribunal to the fact that it is not understandable that just that particular sentence was not read. One could be of the opinion that this was an original work of Streicher, which case the question of whether Streicher agreed with that work would appear of minor importance.
THE PRESIDENT: But you see, Dr. Marx, that counsel was reading actually from the preface by Streicher. That is the last passage that he read, or almost the last, was the preface by Streicher.
The last passage I have got marked is the passage on page 60, which is headed "Preface", and is signed by Julius Streicher, which says in terms that the book was written by School Inspector Fritz Fink, Let's not take any further time about it.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: I think I have reached -
THE PRESIDENT: Will you read the last words of that preface on page 60 there "Those who take to heart"? SIR GRIFFITH JONES: Your Lordship, if you please, I read towards the end of the paragraph, the first paragraph of the preface: "Those who take to heart all that has been written with such feeling by Fritz Fink, who for many years has been greatly concerned about the German people, will be grateful fo the creator of this outwardly insignificant publication." Then it is signed by Julius Streicher, City of the Reich Party Rallies, Nuernberg, in the year 1937.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: That book is GB-180. I would just read the last two lines, which I wasn't able to read before Dr. Marx interposed. The last three lines of the paragraph under "Introduction:" "No one should be allowed to grow up in the midst of our people without this knowledge of the monstrous character and dangerousness of the Jew." that book. The nature of the book I hope is clear. I would only refer to the last three lines on the next page in the document book, taking another extract from it:
"One who has reached this stage of understanding will inevitably remain an enemy of the Jews all his life and will instil this hatred into his own children."
The "Stuermer" did publish also some children's books, although I make it quite clear that I am not alleging that the defendant himself wrote the books.
But they were published from his publishing business, and they are of course on the same line of everything else that was published and issued from that business. English, or the English translation, is as follows: "Don't trust the fox in the green meadow nor the Jew on his oath." It is a picture book for children. There are pictures, all of them offensive pictures depicting Jews, of which a variety of selections appears in the Tribunal's book which follows. And opposite each picture there is a little story. thing which appears opposite each picture. On Page 6 of the book we find, opposite the first picture in the Tribunal's document book, a very unpleasant-looking Jew butcher cutting up some meat:
"Jesus Christ says, 'The Jew is a murderer through and through.' And when Christ had to die the Lord didn't know any other people who would have tortured him to death, so he chose the Jews. That is why the Jews pride themselves on being the chosen people." I beg your pardon. I was wrong in saying it occurred opposite the first picture. That is another extract from the book. The writing opposite the first picture is as follows:
"The Jewish butcher: He sells half refuse instead of meat. A piece of meat lies on the floor, the cat claws another. This doesn't worry the Jewish butcher since the meat increases in weight. Besides, one mustn't forget, he won't have to eat it himself."
Well, again in the interest of time, it isn't perhaps worth quoting the contents of that book any further. The Tribunal can see the type of book it is, the type of teaching it was instilling into the minds of the children. The pictures speak for themselves. led away by a Jew. On the next page we see the defendant smiling benignly at a children's party, greeting the little children. The next picture depicts copies of "Der Stuermer" posted on a wall with children looking at them.
The next picture perhaps requires a little explanation. It is a picture of Jewish children being taken away from an Aryan school, led away by a very unpleasant looking father, presumably, and all the Aryan children shouting and dancing and enjoying the fun very much.
THE PRESIDENT: You won't be able, will you, to finish in a short time? Perhaps we'd better adjourne now.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: I have about another 20 minutes.
THE PRESIDENT: Oh, yes, we will adjourn now.
(A recess was taken from 1520 to 1530 hours)