Dr. Frank continues, "Beyond the present figure of 140,000 you can, however, next year reckon upon a higher number of workers from the General Government. For we shall employ the police to conscript them." End of quote.
How this recruitment was carried out--by wild and ruthless manhunts ---
is clearly shown in US Exhibit 178, which is in evidence before the Tribunal. program of the conspirators, was thus faithfully reflected in the administration of the defendant Frank. which the defendant Frank did not mention in his report to Hitler. He does not mention the concentration camps, perhaps because, as a representative jurist of National Socialism, the defendant Frank had himself defended the system in Germany. As Governor General, the defendant Frank must be held responsible for all concentration camps within the boundaries of the Government General. These include, among others, the notorious camp at Maidenek and the one at Lublin. As indicated previously, the defendant Frank knew and approved that Poles were taken to concentration camps in connection with resettlement projects. He had certain jurisdiction as well in relation to the extermination camp Auschwitz, to which Poles from the General Government were committed by his administration. In February 1944, Ambassador Counsellor Dr. Schumberg suggested a possible amnesty of Poles who had been taken to Auschwitz for trivial offenses and kept there for several months. This conference, if the Court please, is reported in the Frank diary and is contained in our document 2233-PS-BB, at page 60 of the document book. It is the third quote on that page. I offer the original in evidence as USA Exhibit 295,
THE PRESIDENT: Did you say Page 70?
LT. COL. BALDWIN: Page 60, Sir. The German text appears in the looseleaf volume covering the period 1 January 1944 to 28 February 1944 at the conference on 8 February 1944 on Page 7. I quote:
"The Governor General will take under consideration an amnesty probably for 1 May of this year. Nevertheless, one must not lose sight of the fact that the German leadership of the General Government must now now show any sign of weakness".
This, then, was, and is, the conspirator Frank. The evidence is by no means exhausted, but it is our belief that sufficient proof has been given to this Tribunal to establish his liability under Count I of the Indictment.
As legal adviser of Hitler and the Leadership Corps of the NSDAP, defendant Frank promoted the conspirators' rise to power.
In his various juridical capacities, both in the NSDAP and in the German government, defendant Frank advocated and promoted the political monopoly of the NSDAP, the racial program of the conspirators, and the terror system of the concentration camps and of arrest without warrant. His role early in the common plan was to realize "the National Socialist Program in the realm of law", and to give the outward form of legality to this program of terror, persecution and oppression which had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for aggressive war. Governor General in 1939 of that area of Poland known as the General Government. Defendant Frank had defined justice as that which benefitted the German nation. His five year administration of the General Government illustrates the most extreme extension of that principle. under a program that constituted in itself a criminal plan or conspiracy, as defendant Frank well knew, to exploit the territory, ruthlessly, for the benefit of Nazi Germany, to conscript its nationals for labor in Germany, to close its schools and colleges, to prevent the rise of a Polish intelligentsia, and to disregard of the duties of an occupying poorer towards the inhabitants of occupied territory.
Under defendant Frank's administration, this criminal plan was consummated, but the execution went even beyond the plan. Food contributions to Germany increased to the point where the bare subsistence reserved for the General Government under the plan was reduced to a level of mass starvation. The savage program of exterminating Jews was relentlessly executed. Resettlement projects were carried out with reckless disregard of the rights of the local population. The terror of the concentration camp followed in the wake of the Nazi invaders. by the defendant Frank himself, from the admission found in his diary, official reports, reports of conferences with his colleagues and subordinates, and his speeches.
It is, therefore, appropriate that a passage from his diary should be quoted in conclusion.
It is our document 2233-PS-AA. It appears at Page 59 of the document book. I offer the original in evidence as USA Exhibit 613, The German text appears in the 1943 Volume of Labor Conference Meetings at the 25 January 1943 entry on Page 53.
In this address, defendant Frank, prophetically enough, told his colleagues in the General Government that their task would grow more difficult. Hitler, he said, could only help them as a kind of administrative pillbox". They must depend on themselves, "We are now duty bound to bold together" -- and I quote Frank, "We must remember that we who are gathered together here figure on Mr. Roosevelt's list of war criminals.
I have the honor of being Number One. We have, so to speak, become accomplices in the world historic sense," of the British delegation will now deal with the individual responsibility of the defendant Streicher.
LIEUTENANT COLONEL GRIFFITH JONES: If the Tribunal please, it is my duty to present the case against the defendant Julius Streicher. relating to Streicher, sets out the positions which he held, and which I shall prove, and it then goes on to allege that he used thos positions and his personal influence and his close connection with the Fuehrer in such a manner that he promoted the acquisition to power of the Nazi conspirators and the consolidation of their control over Germany, as set forth in Count I of the Indictment; that he authorized, directed and participated in the crimes against humanity set forth in Count IV of the Indictment, including particularly the incitement of the persecution of the Jews, set forth in Count I and Count IV of the Indictment. by the unofficial title that he assumed for himself as "Jew-baiter Number One," It is the Prosecution's case that for the course of some twentyfive years, this man educate the whole of the German people in hatred and that he incited them to the persecution and to the extermination of the Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, perhaps on a scale never attained before.
With the Tribunal's permission, I propose to prove quite shortly the positions and influence that he held and then to refer the Tribunal to several short extracts from his newspapers, from his speeches, and to outline the part that he played in the particular persecutions that occurred against the Jews between the years 1933 and 1945. before the members of the Tribunal is arranged in the order in which I intend to refer to the documents. They are paged, and there is an index at the beginning of the book, and if the Tribunal have got what is called the Trial Brief, it is in effect a note of the evidence to which I shall refer, and again in the order in which I shall refer to it, which may be of some assistance.
Milord, this defendant was born in 1885. He became a school teacher in Nurnberg and formed a party of his own, which he called the German Socialist Party. The chief policy of that party, again, was anti-Semitism. In 1922 he handed over his party to Hitler, and there is a glowing account of his generosity which appears in Hitler's Mein Kampf, which I don't think it worth occupying the time of the Tribunal in reading. It appears as M-3, and is the first document in the Tribunal document book. The copy of Mein Kampf is already before the Tribunal as GB 128. From 1921 until 1945, he was a member of the Nazi Party, In 1925 he was appointed Gauleiter of Franconia, and he remained as such until about February of 1940, and from the time that the Nazi government came into power in 1933 until 1945 he was a member of the Reichstag, In addition to that, he held the title of Obergruppenfuehrer in the SA. All that information appears in PS 2975, which is already exhibited as US-9, and is the affidavit that he made himself. ly done through the medium of his newspapers. He was the editor and publisher of that journal from 1922 until 1933, and thereafter, the publisher and owner of the paper.
certainly was responsible for - the daily newspaper called the Fraenkische Tageszeitung. others, mostly local journals, that he published from Nurnberg.
briefly trace the course of his incitement and propaganda more or less in chronological order by referring the Tribunal to the short extracts. I would say this: These extracts are really selected at random. They are selected with a view to showing the Tribunal the various methods that he employed to incite the people against the Jewish race, but his newspapers are crowded with them, week after week, day after day. It is impossible to pick up any copy without finding the same kind of stuff in the headlines and in the articles. activities from 1922 to 1933 -- at Page 3 of the Tribunal's document book, M-11 -- that is an extract from a speech that he made in 1922 in Nurnberg, and, after abusing the Jews in the first paragraph -- I only refer to the last two lines:
"We know that Germany will be free when the Jew has been excluded from the life of the German people."
I pass to the next document, which is M-12, on Page 4. I ought to have given that up. The first document was GB-165. That is the book, I understand, that is being given that number, so that the next document, which is taken from the same book, will be the same. Perhaps I might be allowed to read that brief extract. It is an extract from a speech:
"I beg you and particularly those of you who carry the cross throughout the land to become somewhat more serious when I speak of the enemy of the German people, namely, the Jew. Not out of irresponsibility or for fun do I fight against the Jewish enemy, but because I bear within me the knowledge that the whole misfortune was brought to Germany by the Jews alone.
"I ask you once more, what is at stake today? The Jew seeks domination not only among the German people but among all peoples. The communists pave the way for him. Do you not know that the God of the Old Testament orders the Jews to consume and enslave the peoples of the earth?
"The government allows the Jew to to as he pleases. The people expects action to be taken.
You may think about Adolf Hitler as you please, but one thing you must admit. He possessed the courage to attempt to free the German people from the Jew by a national revolution. That was action indeed." in April of 1925:
"You must realise that the Jew wants our people to perish. That is why you must join us and leave those who have brought you nothing but war, inflation and discord. For thousands of years the Jew has been destroying the nations."
I ask the Tribunal to note now these last few words:
"Let us make a new beginning today so that we can annihilate the Jews." expression of annihilation of the Jewish race. Perhaps it gave birth to what was, fourteen years later, to become the official policy of the Nazi Government.
One further passage from this period. This is April 1932, M-14, taken from the same book. He starts by saying:
"For 13 years I have fought against Jewry."
I quote the last paragraph only:
"We know that the Jew whether he is baptized as a Protestant or as a Catholic, remains a Jew. Why cannot you realize, you Protestant clergymen, you Catholic priests, you who have scales before your eyes and serve the god of the Jews who is not the God of Love but the God of Hate. Why do you not listen to Christ, who said to the Jews. 'You are children of the devil'." early years. When the Nazi Party came to power, they officially started their campaign against the Jews by the boycott of 1 April 1933. Now, of that boycott the Tribunal have already had evidence, and I would do no more now than to remind the Tribunal in a word what happened. was shown in a document which is already before you, PS-2409, US 262, which was Goebbel's diary.
organization of that boycott, which appears in document PS-2056, US 263. It was then said that he started his work on Wednesday, the 29th. it was said that the boycott would start at Saturday at 10:00 A.M. sharp. "Jewry will realize whom it has challenged." That short quotation appears in Document PS-3387, which is US 566, which is a volume. In actual fact, it is one of Der Sturmers which is already before the Court.
that the Defendant Streicher made on 30 March, the day before the boycott was due to start. I beg your pardon; it is an article in the Nationalsocialistische Partei Korrespondenz. It is PS-2153, and it appears on page 12 of the Tribunal's book, which becomes GB-166. There he writes, under the title, "Defeat the Enemy of the World!--by Julius Streicher, official leader of the central committee to combat the Jewish atrocity and boycott campaign."
"Jewry wanted this battle. It shall have it until it realizes that the Germany of the brown battalions is not a country of cowardice and surrender. Jewry will have to fight until we have won victory.
"National Socialists! Defeat the enemy of the world. Even if the world is full of devils, we shall succeed in the end." outlined in detail the organization of the boycott in orders which the committee published on the 31st of March 1933, which is the next document in the book, PS-2154, GB-167. I can summarize those. against the Jews on the occasion of that boycott, but not perhaps for humanitarian reasons; it is because, if there is no violence employed, then Jewish employers will have no grounds for discharging their employees without notice, and they will have no ground for refusing to pay them any wages. businesses to German figureheads, in order to alleviate the results of this persecution, and the committee laid it down that any property so transferred was to be considered as Jewish for the purpose of the boycott.
I don't think I need go into that any further. It does show to show the form that this propaganda developed as the years went on.
At page eighteen of the document book we have an article in the New Year's issue of a new paper that he had just founded. It was a semimedical paper called "The People's Health Through Blood and Soil", edited by himself, and it is an example of the really remarkable lengths to which he went in putting over this propaganda against the Jews. I quote:
"It is established for all eternity: alien to albumen is the sperm of a man of alien race. The male sperm in cohabitation is partially or completely absorbed by the female, and thus enters her bloodstream. One single cohabitation of a Jew with an Aryan woman is sufficient to poison her blood forever. Together with the alien albumen she has absorbed the alien soul. Never again will she be able to bear purely Aryan children, even when married to an Aryan. They will all be bastards, with a dual soul and a body of a mixed breed. Their children will also be crossbreeds; that means, ugly people of unsteady character and with a tendency to illnesses. Now we know why the Jew uses every artifice of seduction in order to ravish German girls at as early an age as possible; whythe Jewish doctor rapes his patients while they were under anaesthetic. He wants the German girl and the German woman to absorb the alien sperm of the Jew. She is never again to bear German children. But the blood products of all animals right down to the bacteria like the serum, lymph, extracts from internal organs etc. are all alien albumen. They have a poisonous effect if directly introduced into the blood stream either by vaccination or by injection. By these products of sick animals the blood is ravished, the Aryan is impregnated with an alien species. The author and abettor of such action is the Jew. He has been aware of the secrets of the race question for centuries, and therefore plans systematically the annihilation of the nations which are superior to him. Science and authorities are his instruments for the enforcing of pseudoscience and the concealment of truth."
That becomes, my Lord, G.B. 168.
his own paper "Der Sturmer", entitled "The Chosen People of the Criminals" -"and all the same, or, let us say, just because of this, the history book of the Jews, which is usually called the Holy Scriptures, impresses us as a horrible criminal romance, which makes the 150 penny-dreadfuls of the British Jew, Edgar Wallace, go green with envy. This 'holy' book abounds in murder, incest, fraud, theft and indecency." remember that that was the month after the Nurnberg Decrees had been made -- he made a speech which is reported in the Voelkischer Beobachter and is entitled in that newspaper "Safeguard of German Blood and German Honor." I read the report in that article:
"Gauleiter Streicher speaks at a German Labor Front mass demonstration for the Nurnberg laws." Then the first line of the actual article says that he spoke for the second time within a few weeks. I quote only the last two lines of that first large paragraph.
"We have therefore to unmask the Jew, and that is what I have been doing for the past fifteen years." That remark apparently was met with tempestuous applause. That becomes GB 169. document in the Tribunal's book. It is very much the same type of thing. On page twenty-two of the document book, M-7, there is a leading article by Streicher in his "Der Sturmer" of which I would refer only to the last half of the last paragraph where again he emphasizes the part that he himself has taken in this campaign.
"The Sturmer's fifteen years of work of enlightenment has already led an army of those who know -- millions strong -- to national socialism. The continued work of "The Sturmer" will help to ensure that every German down to the last man will, with heart and hand, join the ranks of those whose aim it is to crush the head of the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their heels. He who helps to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil, and this devil is the Jew."
to show the extraordinary length to which he went in his propaganda, and it consists of a photograph of the burning hull of the air-ship "Hindenburg" as it went on fire in June 1937 in America. Underneath it the caption includes the comment "The first radio picture from the United States of America shows quite clearly that a Jew stands behind the explosion of our airship Hindenburg. Nature has depicted clearly and quite correctly that devil in human guise."
Although it isn't at all clear from that photograph, I think the meaning of that comment is that the cloud of smoke in the air is in the shape of a Jewish face.
On the next page, a speech he made in September 1937 at the opening *---* of the bridge in Nurnberg.
I would quote only the last paragraph on page twenty-four. The bridge in question is called the Wilhelm Gustloff bridge, and he says, "The man who murdered Wilhelm Gustloff had to come from the Jewish people, because the Jewish text books teach that every Jew has the right to kill a non-Jew, and, indeed, that it is pleasing to the Jewish God to kill as many non-Jews as possible.
"Look at the way the Jewish people have been following for thousands of years past; everywhere murder, everywhere mass murder. Neither must we forget that behind present-day wars there stands the Jewish financier who pursues his aims and interests. The Jew always lives on the blood of other nations; he needs such murder and such victims. For us who know, the murder of Wilhelm Gustloff is the same as ritual murder."
And then on the next page, "It is our duty to tell the children at school and the bigger ones what this memorial means."
I go to the next paragraph: "The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he used to. But it would be wrong to say that victory is ours. Full and final victory will have been achieved only when the whole world has been rid of Jews." from the correspondence columns of "Der Sturmer", showing again one of the methods he employed in this propaganda. I don't need to read them. The correspondence columns of all his issues are full of letters coming in from Germans saying that some German has been buying her shoes from a Jewish shop, and so on, and in that way assisting in the general boycott of the Jews. In other words, they really are a weekly column of libels against the Jews all over Germany. employed, and which he called, "Ritual Murder". The Tribunal may well remember that some years ago, I think it started in 1934, this "Der Sturmer" began publishing accounts of Jewish ritual murder which horrified the whole world to such an extent that even the Archbishop of Canterbury eventually wrote to the Times protesting, as indeed did people from every country in the world, protesting that any government should allow matter like this to be published in their national newspapers.
during their Eastertide celebrations the Jews were in the habit of murdering Christian children, and he lodges upon this and misrepresents this belief, this medieval belief, to show that not only did they do it in the Middle Ages, but that they are still doing it and still want to do it. And if I might just quote one or two passages from his newspaper and show one or two pictures which he published in connection with his campaign of ritual murder, it will illustrate to the Court the type of teaching and propaganda that he was putting up. On page twenty-nine of the Tribunal's document book, I will quote from the third but last paragraph.
"This the French front-line soldier should take with him to France: The German people have taken a new lease of life. They want peace, but if anyone tries to attack them, if anyone tries to torture them again, if anyone tries to push them back into the past, then the world would see another heroic epic; then heaven will decide where righteousness lies -- hero, or where the Jew has the whiphand and where he instigates massacres, one could almost say the biggest ritual murders of all times. If the German people are to be slaughtered according to the Jewish rites, the whole world will be thus slaughtered at the same time."
And the last paragraph, "As you have drummed morning and evening prayers into your children's heads, so now drum this into their heads, so that the German people may gain the spiritual power to convince the rest of the world which the Jews desire to lead against us." of a photograph taken from the "Der Sturmer" of April 1937, which illustrates three Jews ritually murdering a girl by cutting her throat and shows the blood pouring out into a bucket on the ground. The caption underneath that photograph is as follows: "Ritual murder at Polna. Ritual murder of Agnes Hruza by the Jews Hilsner, Erdmann, and Wassermann," taken from a contemporary postcard. That was GB -- I am afraid I have rather run away from --M-2, which appeared on page twenty-nine of the document book was GB 172, and the illustration on page thirty is U.S. 258. It is already in a copy of the "Der Sturmer", which has been put in.
same "Der Sturmer", April 1937. I "will not read it now, because it has been put in, and that has all been read to the Court.
It describes what happens when ritual murder takes place, and the blood is mixed with the bread and drunk by the Jews having their feast. The Tribunal will remember that during the feast the head of the family explains, "May all gentiles perish as the child whose blood is contained in the bread and wine."
That is already U.S. 258, and it appears -- it has been read in the transcript at page 1437.
THE PRESIDENT: Would that be a good time to take off?
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: If my Lordship pleases.
(Whereupon at 1245 hours the hearing of the Tribunal adjourned to reconvene at 1400 hours.)
Military Tribunal, in the matter of: The
SIR GRIFFITH-JONES: May it please the Tribunal, if I might just refer to further copies of Der Sturmer on the subject of "ritual murder," the first of which appears on page 32 of the Document Book PS 2700. It is the copy in 260-US. It is an article in the "Der Sturmer" for July 1938.
"Whoever had the occasion to be an eye-witness during the slaughtering of animals or to see at least a truthful film on the slaughtering will never forget this horrible experience. It is atrocious. And unwillingly, he is reminded of the crimes which the Jews have committed for centuries on men. He will be reminded of the ritual murder. History points out hundreds of cases in which non-Jewish children were tortured to death. They also were given the same incision through the throat as is found on slaughtered animals. They also were slowly bled to death while fully conscious." matter to put before the world, he was in the habit of issuing special editions of his newspaper "Der Sturmer." Ritual murder was such a special subject that he issued one of these special editions dealing solely with it. The Tribunal will have a photostatic copy of the complete issue for May 1939. articles which appear in that edition. It is perhaps sufficient to look at the pictures, the illustrations, and for me to read the captions which appear underneath the photo; and I regret the translations of the captions have not been attached to the Tribunal's copy but perhaps I may be permitted to refer to the pictures and read the captions for the Tribunal.
The pages are marked in red pencil on the righthand corner. On one I see a picture of a child having knives stuck into its side, blood spurting from it, and below the pedestal on which it stands, are five presumably dead children bleeding on the ground.
The caption to that picture is as follows:
"In the year 1476 the Jews in Regensburg murdered six boys. They drew their blood and tortured them to death in an underground vault which belongs to the Jew Josfel. The judges found the body of the murdered boys; and blood stains are on an altar." The one at the top lefthand corner:
"For the Jewish Now Year celebrations in 1913, World Jewry published this picture. On the Jewish New Year and on the Day of Atonement the Jews slaughtered a so-called 'kapores' cock; that is to say, dead cock, whose blood and death is intended to purify the Jews. In 1913 the 'kapores' cock had the head of the Russian Czar Nicholas II. By publishing this postcard the Jews intended to say that Nicholas II Would be their next purifying sacrifice. On the 6th of July 1918, the Czar was "murdered by the Jew Jurowsky and Goloschtschekin." similar bird, "the 'kapores' cock which has the head of the Fuehrer. The Hebrew script says that one day Jews will kill all Hitlerites. Then they the Jews will be delivered from all misfortunes, but in due course the Jews will realize that they have reckoned without an Adolf Hitler." lot of previous articles on ritual murder with a picture of the Defendant Julius Streicher at the top. the caption:
"At the Passover Meal. The wine and Matzoh, unleavened bread contains non-Jewish blood. The Jew prays before the meal. He prays for death to all non-Jews." American newspaper articles and letters which had been received by those newspapers during the course of the last years, in protest to this propaganda on the subject of ritual murder; and in the center of it you will see the letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury, written to the editor of the Times in protest.