In connection with Arabia, he says:
"The Arab question, too, became part of the work of the Bureau.
In spite of England's tutelage of Iraq, the Bureau established a series of connections to a number of leading personalities of the Arab world, smoothing the way for strong bonds to Germany, In this connection, the growing influence of the Reich in Iran and Afghanistan did not fail to have repercussions in Arabia." outbreak of war, he was entitled to consider his task as terminated, and then he says, "The exploitation of the many personal connections in many lands can be resumed under a different guise." of the translation. This Annex deals with activities in Roumania. Here the APA's intrigue was more insidious, its interference in the internal affairs of a foreign nation more pronounced. After describing the failure of what Rosenberg terms a "basically sound anti-Semitic tendency", due to dynastic squabbles and party fights, Rosenberg describes the APA's influence in the unification of conflicting elements. I quote, beginning with the ninth line of the translation:
"What was lacking was the guiding leadership of a political personality. After manifold groping trials the Bureau believed to have found such a personality - the former Minister and poet, Octavian Goga. It was not difficult to convince this poet, pervaded by instinctive inspiration, that a Greater Roumania, though it had to be created in opposition to Vienna, could be maintained only together with Berlin. Nor was it difficult to create in him the desire to link the fate of Roumania with the future of the National-Socialist German Reich in good time. By bringing continuing influence to bear, the Bureau succeeded in inducing Octavian Goga as well as Professor Cuza to amalgamat the parties under their leadership on an Anti-Semitic basis. Thus they could carry on with united strength the struggle for Roumania's renascence internally and her Anschluss with Germany externally. Through the Bureau's initiative both parties, which had heretofore been known by distinct names were merged as the National Christian Party, under Goga's leadership and with Cuza as Honorary President."
Rosenberg's man, Goga, was supported by two splinter parties, which had not joined the anti-Semitic trend, and Rosenberg states:
"Through intermediaries, the Bureau maintained constant contact with both tendencies."
the King in December, 1937. The pernicious influence of Rosenberg's ideology had achieved a major triumph, for he states:
"Thus a second government on racial and anti-Semitic foundations had completely impossible."
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Brudno, I think the Tribunal are satisfied that and we don't require any further detailed proof of that, and we are also
BR. BRUDNO: Certainly, Your Honor. We feel that if the Tribunal is
THE PRESIDENT: Subject, as I said, to anything that Rosenberg may
MR. BRUDNO: Surely, I'd merely like to conclude with the statement primarily responsible for Roumania's joining the Axis.
It was a vital link in Germany's chain of military strategy.
I would further like to call to Your Honor's attention the evidence Rosenberg.
We have seen how he aided the Nazi rise to power and directed I'll now offer proof of his responsibility for the planning and execution the occupied East, which he administered for over three years.
These areas I'll not endeavor here to chronicle again the tale of mass murder, spoliation and brutality.
We feel that that has already been sufficiently these crimes on other agencies and on other defendants.
The evidence will cution of which crimes were committed; that the crimes were committed for the most part by persons and agencies within his jurisdiction and control;knowledge; and, finally, his Ministry lent full cooperation to their acti Soviet Union.
On that date he was designated by Hitler as Commissioner for military plans for aggression.
They also show that he understood his 146.
This document indicated the cooperation of the following agencies.
and solicited by Rosenberg. The agencies are as follows:
Rosenberg in his capacity as Commissioner on Eastern Question, before the attack on the Soviet Union, before he was appointed as Reich Minister for the Occupied Easter, in fact, before there was any Occupied East for Germany to administer.
I would like to refer briefly to some of Rosenberg's basic attitudes regarding his new task and the directives which he knew he would be expected to follow. PS, previously introduced as USA Exhibit 278, Rosenberg stated that: "A general treatment is required for the Jewish problem for which a temporary solution will have to be determined (forced labor for the Jews, creation of Ghettos, et cetera.)" in the Occupied Eastern Territories. These instructions are found in Document 1030-PS, previously introduced as USA Exhibit 144. The last paragraph, which has not been called to your Honors' attention, reads as follows:
"From the point of viewof cultural policy, the German Reich is in a position to promote and direct national culture and science in many fields. It will be necessary that in some territories an uprooting and resettlement of various racial stocks will have to be effected." Rosenberg directs that the Ostland be transformed into a part of the Greater German Reich by Germanizing racially possible elements, colonizing Germanic races aid banishing undesirable elements. will recall he stated the job of feeding Germans was the top of Germany's claim on the East; that there was no obligation to feed the Russian peoples; that this was a harsh necessity bare of any feelings; that a very extensive evacuation will be necessary; and that the future will hold many hard years in store for the Russians. This speech, your Honours, is in the record as Document 1058-PS, USA Exhibit 147.
On July 4, 1941, still prior to Rosenberg's appointment as Reich Minister for the Occupied East, a representative of Rosenberg's bureau attended a conference on the subject of utilization of labor, and especially of the labor of Soviet prisoners of war. Document 1199-PS is a memorandum of this conference, and I offer it into evidence as USA Exhibit 604. Itstates that the participants were, among others, representatives of the Commissioner for the Four Year Plan, of the Reich Labor Ministry, of the Reich Food Ministry, and of the Rosenberg Bureau. The first sentence states, and I quote:
"After an introduction by Lt. Col. Dr. Krull, Lt. Col. Breyer of the P.W. Department explained that actually there was in effect a prohibition by the Fuehrer against bringing Russian P.W.'s into the Reich for mobilization of labor, but that one might count on this prohibition being relaxed a little."
The last paragraph records that, and I quote:
"The Chairman summarized the results of the discussion as indicating that all the interested bureaus unqualifiedly advocated and supported the demand for utilization of P.W.'s because of manpower needs in the Reich."
On July 16, 1941, the day before Rosenberg's appointment as Minister of the Occupied East, he attended a conference at the Fuehrer's headquarters, the minutes of which have been introduced as Document L-221, USA Exhibit 317, At that time Hitler stated "The Crimea has to be evacuated by all foreigners and to be settled by Germans alone."
He further stated that Germany's objectives in the East were three-fold, first, to dominate it; second, to administer it; third, to exploit it. Occupied East was well established before Rosenberg took office as Minister. He knew of these plans and was in accord with them. Persecution of the Jews, forced labor of prisoners of war, Germanization and exploitation, were al basic points of policy which Rosenberg knew of at the time he assumed office. Eastern Territories. The decree by which he was appointed is in evidence as Document 1997-PS, USA Exhibit 319.
of responsibility which existed within the Ministry for the Occupied East.
show that Rosenberg was not merely straw man. He was the supreme authority with full control.
Document 1056-PS is a mimeographed treatise, entitled, "The Organization of the Administration of the Occupied Eastern Territories." It is undated and unsigned, but we can obtain further information regarding it by reference to EC-347, which is Goering's "Green Folder," already introduced in evidence as USA Exhibit 320. and I quote: "Excerpts from the Directives of the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories for the Civilian Administration," and then in parenthesis, "Brown Folder, Part I, Pages 25 to 30." at the top of Page 9 of the translation of Document 1056-PS. Thus Document 1056-PS is identified as being a mimeograph of Part I of the Brown Folder which was mentioned in the Green Folder, and was issued by the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.
I now offer Document 1056-PS as USA Exhibit 605. I offer this document for the purpose of proving from the directives issued by the Rosenberg Ministry itself the extent of Rosenberg's authority; that he was the supreme civilian authority in the Eastern Territories. The document will show that there was a continuous chain of command from Rosenberg down to the regional administrative officials, a chain of command which extended even to the local prison warden. Rosenberg Ministry and other German agencies, a relationship which varied from full control by Rosenberg to frull cooperation with them, made mandatory by his directives and by Hitler's orders. Ministry were required to submit periodic reports of the situation within their jurisdiction, so that the numerous reports of unspeakable brutality which Rosenberg received, and which are already in the record, were submitted to him pursuant to his orders.
The first paragraph of this significant document states as follows:
"The newly occupied Eastern Territories are subordinated to the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories. By directions of the Fuehrer he establishes a civil administration there upon withdrawal of the military administration. He heads and supervises the entire administration of this area and represents the sovereignty of the Reich in the occupied Eastern Territories."
At the top of Page 2 of the translation is stated, and I quote:
"To the Reich Ministry is assigned a deputy of the Reich Leader SS and Chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior." sibility of the Reich Commissars as, and I quote:
"In the Reich Commissariats, Reich Commissars are responsible for the entire civil administration under the supreme authority of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories. According to the instructions of the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, the Reich Commissar, as a functionary of the Reich, heads and supervises, within his precincts, the entire civil administration, Within the scope of these instructions he acts on his own responsibility."
And then the chain of command is outlined: Subordinate offices, General Commissariats, Main Commissariats, District Commissariats, etc. again:
"The Higher SS-and Police Leader is directly subordinated to the Reich Commissar. However, the Chief of Staff has the general right to secure information from him also.
"Great stress is to be placed on close cooperation between him, the Chief of Staff, and the other main department heads of the Office of the Reich Commissar, particularly with the one for policies."
THE PRESIDENT: I am told that the French translation is not coming through.
MR. BRUDNO: To disgress from this document a moment, I ask that the Court take judicial notice of the decree signed by Rosenberg, dated July 17, 1941, and found in the Verordnungsblatt of the Reich Minister for the Occupied East, 1942, number 2, pages 7 and 8. on crimes committed by non-Germans in the East.
The courts are to be presided over by a police officer or an SS Leader, who have authority to order the death sentence or confiscation of property, and those decisions are not subject to appeal.
THE PRESIDENT: Just one moment, please. It is coming through to the French now?
(The answer was "Yes".)
MR. BRUDNO: Thus, the determination of the SS, of these summary courts, is made subordinate to the authority of a representative of the Rosenberg Ministry. General Commissar is defined. It is stated here that:
"The General Commissar forms the administrative office of intermediate appeal."
Three paragraphs down it is stated, and I quote:
"The SS-and Police Leader assigned to the General Commissar is directly subordinated to him. However, the Chief of Staff has the general right of requiring information from him." subdivisions of the Ministry, concluding with Regional Commissars who preside over the local administrative districts. They too have police units assigned to them and directly subordinated to them.
THE PRESIDENT: Well. Mr. Brudno, surely that could have been stated in a sentence without referring us to all these passages in this document. I mean, Rosenberg was the Minister for the Eastern territories. He had under him Reich Commissars and SS units, who had the full administration--civil administration--of the Eastern territories.
MR. BRUDNO: Very well, your Honor. the economic exploitation of the territory was undertaken in the fullest cooperation with the Commissioner of the Four Year Plan, as shown by paragraph 2 of page 7 of the translation. It is stated there that the economic inspectorates of the Commissioner of the Four Year Plan will be substantially absorbed in the agencies of the civil administration after the establishment of the civil administration.
I also wish to call your Honors' attention to the first paragraph on page 6, which reads as follows.
"The various commissars," it says, "are, aside from the military agencies, the only Reich authorities in the Occupied Eastern territories. Other Reich authorities may not be established alongside them. They handle all questions of administration of the area which is subordinate to their sovereignty and all affairs which concern the organization and activity of the administration. including those of the police, in the supervision of the native agencies and organizations and of the population."
is entitled, "Working Directives for the Civil Administration."
as part of document EC-347, USA Exhibit 320. I call particular attention to the statement that the "Hague Rules of Land Warfare, armed power, are not valid."
"The handling of cases of sabotage is a concern of the Senior Leaders of the lower echelon.
Insofar as collective measures against "The assessment of fines of money or goods, as well as the not intervene."
"The District Commissar is responsible for the supervision of all prisons, insofar as the Reich Commissar does not intervene."
with a detailed account of the manner in which Rosenberg's plenary authority and power were wielded.
There is evidence in the record, R-135, which was previously introduced as USA Exhibit 289.
In this document the prison warden of Minsk reports that 516 German and Russian Jews had been killed, and called attention to the fact that valuable gold had been lost due to the failure to knock out the fillings of the victims before they were done away with. Your Honors will recall, from Document 1056, was directly under the supervision of the Ministry for the Occupied East.
For my next illustration I wish to offer Document 018-PS. This document has already been introduced as USA Exhibit 186, but the first paragraph -
THE PRESIDENT (interposing): What was that last document you referred us to, R-135?
MR. BRUDNO:R-135, I believe you will find it the last in the document book, Your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Oh yes, I see; thank you.
MR. BRUDNO: I would like to read to the Tribunal the first paragraph of Document 018-PS, which has not yet been read into the record. The document reveals that Rosenberg wrote Sauckel on 21 November 1942, in the following terms:
"I thank you very much for your report on the execution of the great task given to you, and I am glad to hear that in carrying out your mission you have always found the necessary support, even on the part of the civilian authorities in the occupied Eastern territories. For myself and the officials under my command, this collaboration was and is self-evident, especially since both you and I have, with regard to the solution of the labor problem in the East, represented the same points of view from the beginning." with the continuation of the forced labor program, in spite of the retreat from the East.
THE TRIBUNAL (Mr. Biddle): After making this generality, Rosenberg goes on to object, at the last here, to the methods used. You haven't mentioned that.
MR. BRUDNO: Quite right, Your Honor. Those objections are already in Rosenberg favored recruitment from the East, that his civilian administrators the record, sir, and I was merely referring to this document to show that cooperated with the recruitment in spite of the methods used, the methods which were known to Rosenberg as he reports in the letter himself.
DR. ALFRED THOMA (Counsel for the Defendant Rosenberg) -- (interposing): High Tribunal. I must, in this connection protest that the Prosecution, as to paragraph 1, which he just read, did not finish reading it. In the following paragraph it is declared that an agreement of Sauckel and Rosenberg on this point existed.
THE PRESIDENT: I don't think you can have heard that the United States Member of the Tribunal has just made this very point which you are now making to counsel for the United States, and has pointed out to him that he ought to have read there, or drawn attention, at any rate, to the other paragraphs in this document which showed that Rosenberg was objecting to the methods used.
DR. THOMA: High Tribunal. I would like to point to the fact that the Prosecution quoted just the first two sentences from a paragraph -- the same paragraph -- to the effect that it declares that there was an agreement between him and Sauckel that the workers were to be treated well in Germany, and for this purpose welfare organizations were to be created. The way it was presented by the prosecution, the appearance is created as though Sauckel and Rosenberg were, concerned only with the deportation of these workers, whereas it was concerned with these phases.
THE PRESIDENT: As counsel for the United States has pointed out, the other passages in the document have already been read. And, naturally, the whole document will be treated as being in evidence. Did you hear that
DR. THOMA: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal fully realizes the point you are making, that it is not fair be read one passage of a document when there are other passages in the document which show that the passage read is not a full or proper statement of the document.
MR. BRUDNO: If Your Honor please, I was not attempting to delude the balance.
The rest is in the record.
Tribunal; it was merely in the interests of time that I did not read the
THE PRESIDENT: I realize that.
(Whereupon at 1700 hours the hearing of the Tribunal adjourned, to reconvene on 10 January 1945, at 1000 hours.)
Official transcript of the Inter-
1 0 Jan-M-MB-4
MR. BRUDNO: May it please the Tribunal when the Tribunal rose yesterday I finished the submission of proof as to Rosenberg's responsibility and authority in the occupied Eastern territories, and was about to conclude my presentation with four brief examples as to the manner in which his authority was exercised. I was in the middle of the third example, which your Honors will recall dealt with Rosenberg's participation in the forced labor program. I wish to conclude that illustration with reference to Document 199-PS, which we offer as U.S. Exhibit 606. This document is a letter from Alfred Meier, Rosenberg's deputy, addressed to Sauckel, dated July 11, 1944. This time, your Honors will note, it is Rosenberg's ministry that is urging action. I wish to quote item number 1 of this letter, which reads as follows "The war employment command formerly stationed in Minsk must continue under all circumstances the call in of your white Ruthenian and Russian manpower for military employment in the Reich.
In addition, the command has the mission to bring your boys of 10-14 years of 10-14 years of age to the Reich."
My third illustration deals with Rosenberg's exercise of his legislative power, and I ask the Court to take judicial notice of the decree signed by Lohse, who was Reich Commissar for the Ausland. This decree is published in the Verordnungs Blatt for the Ausland, 1942, No. 38, pages 158 and 159. It provides for the seizure of the entire property of the Jewish population in the Ausland, including the claims of Jews against third parties. The seizure is made retroactive to the day of occupation of the territory by German troops. This sweeping decree was issued and published by Rosenberg's immediate subordinate and it must be assumed that Rosenberg knew of it and acquiesced in it.
I now come to my final illustration. This illustration is derived from Document 327-PS, which is already in evidence as U.S.A. Exhibit 338.
dated October 17, 1944. It furnishes a graphic account of Rosenberg's activities in the economic exploitation of the Occupied East. I quote from the first paragraph on page 1, which has not been read into the record:
"In order not to delay the liquidation of companies under to the highest authorities of the Reich.
I supervise the following companies:"
agricultural development company, a supply company, a pharmaceutical company and five banking concerns. On page three of the translation at item la, the mission of the trading company is stated to be:
"Collection of all agricultural predicts as well as com mercial marketing and transportation thereof.
(Delivery to armed forces and the Reich)." Item five reads as follows:
"During this period, the Z.O. (Central Trading Corporation) together with its subsidiaries has collected:
Meat and meat products 622,000 " Lindseed 950,000 " Butter 208,000 " Sugar 400,000 " Fodder 2,500,000 " Potatoes 3,200,000 " Seeds 141,000 " Other agricultural products 1,200,000 " The following was required for Transportation:
Farbon shipping space."
played a leading role in the Nazi party's rise to power by molding German thought so as to promote the conspirators' ambitions; that he played a leading role in spreading propaganda and intrigue and in instigating treason in foreign countries so as to pave the way for the waging of wars of aggression; and that he bears full responsibility for the war crimes and crimes against humanity which were perpetrated in the Occupied Eastern Territories, which will be farther developed by the Prosecutor for the U.S.S.R. Rosenberg.
The next presentation will be that of the case against the defendant Frank, which will be presented by Lt. Col. Baldwin.
LT. COL. BALDWIN: May it please the Tribunal, we wish now to deal with the individual responsibility of the defendant Frank. In accordance with the expressed desire of the Tribunal, the presentation has been strictly limited, and I welcome any direction from the Tribunal as to method or length as I proceed. of our legal staff, and to Doctor Pietrowski, of the Polish delegation for their invaluable work, Doctor Pietrowski naturally having a special interest in the defendant Frank. Count I of the Indictment have been placed before this Tribunal on several occasions. There remain, however, certain matters for discussion -- either novel in presentation or development -- concerning this Defendant as an individual before the United States portion of the Prosecution's case against him is completed. Needless to state, our Soviet colleagues will carry further and heavy complaint against the Defendant Frank in their treatment of War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the East. We wish here merely to touch upon that evidence which, we believe, irrefutably discloses Frank to have been a tremendously important cog in the machine which conceived, promoted and executed the Nazi Command Plan or Conspiracy. Documents relating to this point have been assembled in a document book bearing the letter "FF". I am informed that these books, as well as explanatory briefs, have been distributed for the use of the members of the Tribunal.
"Frank Diary", portions of which have already been brought to the attention of this Tribunal. It seems appropriate that brief mention be made here of the content and source of this Diary. It is a set of 42 volumes detailing the activities of the Defendant Frank from 1939 to the end of the war in his capacity as General Governor of Occupied Poland. It is a record, in short, of each day's business -- hour by hour, appointment by appointment, conference by conference, speech by speech, and, in truth we believe, crime by crime. Each volume, excepting the last few, is handsomely bound and in those volumes, which deal with the conferences of Frank and his underlings in the General Government, the name of each person attending the meeting is inscribed in his own handwriting on a page preceeding the minutes of the conference itself. It is incredibly shocking to the normal conscience that such a neat history of murder, starvation and extermination should have been maintained by the individual responsible for such deeds but by now the Tribunal is well aware that the Nazi leaders were sentimentally fond of elaborately documenting their exploits, as witness the Rosenberg volumes displaying the looted art treasures and the album reporting on the extermination of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. The complete set of the Frank Diary was found in Bavaria, near Neuhaus, on 18 May 1945, by the 7th American Army. It was taken to the 7th Army Document Center at Heidelberg and on or about 20 September 1945, the collection was sent to the Office of U. S. Chief of Counsel here at Nurnberg. It is here in Court in its entirety, and now its tones we submit, are those of accusation, rather than boastful narration. Party and in the German Government is undeniable. Even, presumably, it would be unfair to the Defendant Frank to underestimate his importance in the Nazi hierarchy and the Third Reich. Like theother Defendants in this case, he was a man of far-reaching influence and position, and his office holding record is already before this Court.