They were wearing olive grey special uniforms. After effecting the explosions they sank the beats, and attempted to escape into Spain in civilian clothes, and with the assistance of the French civilian population. No special criminal actions during the flight have been discovered. All the arrested, in accordance with orders were shot on 23 March 1943. Keitel initialed that document. That document was read by my learned leader and colleague, Sir David. Maxwell-Fyfe, in Document No. 735-PS, and quoting Keitel as saying, "I am against legal procedure. It does not work out."
THE PRESIDENT: Would you read the page five which follows that?
MR. ROBERTS, KC: If it will please the Tribunal, that is what I shall do. Page five, the Fuehrer's headquarters, 9 January 1944. The Chief of OKW has handed the Deputy Chief, that ought to be OFST, that is Jodl, enclosed letter with the following account. It is, I know, impossible to prove breaches of International Law in a documentary fashion. What is important, however, is connection of material which can be used for the presentation of a short trial from a propaganda point of view. To show the trial as such, it is, therefore, not amiss to take first a merely propaganda presentation of cases with a breach of the International Law by enemy soldiers who will be mentioned by name, and who have already either to be punished with death for their crimes, or awaiting the death penalty. The Chief of OKW asked the Chief of Foreign Department, the Admiral Canaris, to bring with him corresponding document for his next visit to the Fuehrer's headquarters, as the Tribunal heard from my learned friend, Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, when he read Document 735-PS, earlier today, and Keitel said, "I am against legal procedure. It does not work out." my submission is cold blooded murder of brave men, brave soldiers and sailors who were fighting for their country, and although this trial has a record of the death of brave men, of the murder of brave men, which are mere poignant than is shown in the documents to which I have just referred.
against Jodl. So far as Jodl's part in the war crimes and crimes against humanity are concerned, he figures much less than Keitel. Of course, he had no power of giving orders or directives, but we see that he at any rate signed and circulated an infamous order of the Fuehrer saying that Commandos and saying they ought to be shot and are not to be treated as prisoners of war at all. overwhelming and their conviction is demanded by the civilized world.
Your Lord, Mr. Walter W. Brudno of the American Delegation will present the case against Alfred Rosenberg.
MR. WALTER W. BRUDNO: May it please the Tribunal, in connection with the case against the defendant Rosenberg, I wish to offer the document Book designated as US Exhibit EE. This book contains the English translation of, all the documents which I will offer into evidence , as well as the English translation of those documents previously offered to which I will refer at length. The documents are arranged by series in the order of C, L, R, PS and EC, and they are arranged numerically within each series. Book there appears a descriptive list of documents. These lists are a tabulation of all the documents directly implicating Rosenberg, including those previously offered and those which I will offer into evidence. Those previously offered are keyed to the transcript page of the record, and to their exhibit numbers. The list is included in the document books -
THE PRESIDENT: Will you go a little bit slower, just a little bit slower.
MR. BRUDNO: Certainly, your Honor. The list is included in the document books made available to the defense. This list will gather together in one place all references to the defendant Rosenberg, which are in the Record up to this point. In order to avoid repitition, I will not refer to a great many of the documents previously introduced. four counts of the Indictment. In the presentation which follows, I will show that as charged in Count One, that it is charged, in Count One, Main Section, Roman Numeral IV, subparagraph Capital "D", Rosenberg played a particularly prominent role in developing and promoting the doctrinal technique of the conspiracy; in developing and promoting beliefs and practices incompatible with Christian teaching, in subverting the influence of the Churches over the German people, in pursuing the program of relentless persecution of the Jews, and in reshaping the educational system in order to make the German people amenable to the will of the conspirators, and to prepare the people psychologically for waging an aggressive war.
paring Germany for the waging of aggressive war through the direction of foreign trade, as charged in Count One, subparagraph Capital E, page six of the Indictment, and that his activities in the field of foreign policy contributed materially toward the preparation for the aggressions charged in subparagraph Capital "F", page seven to ten in the Indictment, and the Crimes against Peace, as charged in Count Two. and direction of the war crimes, and crimes against humanity, as specified in paragraph "G", page ten of Count One of the Indictment. Particularly, in the planning and directing of the spoliation of art treasures in the Western Countries, and in the numerous crimes committed in that part of the Eastern Countries formerly occupied by the USSR. history of National Socialism, and permeated nearly every phase of the conspiracy with which we are concerned. In order to obtain a full conception of his influence upon and participation in the conspiracy, it is necessary to review his political history, and to consider each of his political activities in their relation to the thread of the conspiracy which stretches from the inception of the party in 1919 to the defeat of Germany in 19475. the 30th of November 1918 marked the "Beginning of political activities with a lecture about the 'Jewish Problem'." That statement is found at line two of the translation of Document 2886-PS, which is an excerpt from a book entitled, "The Work of Alfred Rosenberg", a biography, and I offer this book as USA Exhibit No. 591.
pamphlet entitled, "Dates in the History of the NSDAP" I offer as USA Exhibit 592, we learn that Rosenberg was a member of the German Labor Party, afterwards the National Socialist German Workers Party, in January, 1919, and that Hitler joined forces with Rosenberg and his colleagues in October of the same year. Thus Rosenberg was a member of the National Socialist movement even before Hitler himself.
Now I wish to offer document 3530-PS, which is an extract from "Das Deutsch Fuehrer Lexikon", the year of 1934-35, and I offer it as USA Exhibit 593. In this document we obtained additional biographical data on Rosenberg as follows:
"From 1921 until the present, Editor of the Voelkische Beobachter; Publisher of the N. S. Monatshefte; 1930, member of the Reichstag and spokesman of foreign affairs for the party;NSDAP; then designated as Reichsleiter; January 1934 deputized the NSDAP, the German labor front and all related organizations."
Socialist ideologist. The proof which I will present will show the unification which was an essential part of the conspirators' program virtually every aspect of the National Socialist program.
His first publication was the "Nature, Basic Principles and Aims of the NSDAP."
This publication appeared in 1922. Rosenberg spoke of this picture previously introduced as USA Exhibit No. 167, and on page 2, No. 3054-PS, Rosenberg states as follows.
"During this time, that is, during the early phase of
THE PRESIDENT: Will you go a little bit slower.
MR. BRUDNO: I am sorry, sir.
"During this time, that is, during the early phase of significant in the history of the NSDAP.
It was always being to be interpreted.
Therefore I wrote the principal program and and friends within the Reich."
the party program was the Defendant Rosenberg. Without attempting to and broad scope of the ideological program which he championed.
It Rosenberg wrote the "Myth of the Twentieth Century," published in 1930.
This book has already been offered as USA Exhibit No. 352.
THE PRESIDENT: 3553?
MR. BRUDNO: 3553, your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
MR. BRUDNO: Rosenberg wrote the "Myth of the Twentieth Century," "The essence of the contemporary world revolution but on the whole planet.
This awakening is the organized counter and national consciousness."
motivation, the dynamic impulse behind Germany's waging of aggressive war.
In his journal, the "National Socialist Monatshefte," for May, 1932, which I offer as USA Exhibit No. 594, our document No. 2-777-PS, he wrote at page 199:
"The understanding that the German nation, if it is not the German foreign policy for centuries."
the National Socialist State in the "Myth of the Twentieth Century," additional excerpts from which are cited in document 2891-PS; at page 215 of the "Myth" he wrote as follows.
"We recognize today that the central maximum values of them (these forces), and must let themselves be re-evaluated in the sense of a Germanic Christianity.
That is the thought behind today's religious searching."
THE PRESIDENT: Do you want to drop off here for a recess.
MR. BRUDNO: Yes, your Honor.
(A recess was taken from 15.20 to 15.40.)
THE PRESIDENT: I have an announcement to make to the defendants' counsel. In view of the applications which were made to the Tribunal this morning, I have immediately ordered on behalf of the Tribunal that an investigation should be made of the complaints made by defendants' counsel about the delay in delivery of transcript of the shorthand notes and such delay will be remedied at once. The investigation shows that transcripts of the sessions up to aid including the 20th of December can be completed by this afternoon. The transcripts for the sessions held since the resumption of the trial will be distributed, up to and including the 8th of January, by tomorrow evening. Hereafter, the German transcripts will be regularly distributed to the defense counsel within a period of forty-eight hours after the session.
MR. BRUDNO: If your Honors please, when the Court rose I just read a quotation of Rosenberg, in which he expressed his views on Christianity. the neo-pagan myth of the blood. At page 114 in the "Myth of the Twentieth Century" he stated as follows:
"Today, a new faith is awakening-- the Myth of the Blood, the belief that the divine being of mankind generally is to be defended with the blood. The faith embodied by the fullest realisation, that the Nordic blood consititutes that mystery which has supplanted and overwhelmed the old sacraments."
Rosenberg's attitudes on religion were accepted as the only philosophy compatible with National Socialism. In 1940, the defendant Bormann wrote to Rosenberg in document 098-PS, which has been previously introduced as USA Exhibit 350, and I quote:
"The churches cannot be conquered by a compromise between National Socialism and Christian teachings, but only through a new ideology, whose coming you, yourself, have announced in your writings." church influence. The defendant Bormann frequently wrote Rosenberg in this regard, furnishing him information as to proposed action to be instituted against the churches, and, when necessary, requesting that action be taken by Rosenberg's department. I refer to documents introduced in connection with the case against the Leadership Corps, such documents as 070-PS, USA Exhibit 349, which deals with abolution of religious services in the schools; document 072-PS, USA 357, dealing with confiscation of religious property; 064-PS, USA 359, which deals with the inadequacy of anti-religious material being circulated to the soldiers; document 089-PS, USA Exhibit 360, dealing with curtailment of the publication of Protestant periodicals; and document 122-PS, which is USA Exhibit 362, dealing with the closing of theological faculties.
"Jewish Question". He set the keynote for its activities and indicated the direction which the exploration was to take. I would like to quote from document 2889-PS, which I offer as USA Exhibit 595. This is an excerpt from the Voelkischer Beobachter, 29th of March 1941. This is a statement made by Rosenberg on the occasion of the opening of the institute.
"For Germany the Jewish Question is only then solved when the last Jew has left the Greater German space.
"Since Germany with its blood and its nationalism has now broken for always this Jewish dictatorship for all Europe and has seen to it that Europe as a whole will become free from the Jewish paratism once more, we may, I believe, also say for all Europeans: For Europe the Jewish question is only then solved when the last Jew has left the European continent." to put these anti-Semitic beliefs into practice. Your Honours will recall that in document 001-PS, which was introduced as USA Exhibit 282 in connection with the case on Persecution of the Jews, Rosenberg recommended that instead of executing one hundred Frenchmen as retaliation for attempts on lives of members of the Wehrmacht, there be executed one hundred Jewish bankers, lawyers, etc. The recommendation was made with the avowed purpose of awakening the anti-Jewish sentiment. Maxwell-Fyfe as Exhibit GB-159, discloses that Rosenberg had called an Anti-Semitic Congress in June 1944, although this Congress was cancelled due to military events. Rosenberg called for elimination of the Versailles Treaty and cast aside any thought of revision of that Treaty.
In his book "The Nature, Principles and Aims of the NSDAP", written by Rosenberg in 1922, he expressed his opinions regarding the Treaty of Versailles. Excerpts from this book are translated in document 2433-PS, and I offer the book as USA Exhibit 596. He stated as follows:
"The National Socialists reject the popular phrase of the 'Revision of the Peace of Versailles' as such a revision might perhaps bring a few numerical reductions in the so-called 'obligations'; but the entire German people would still be, just as before, the slave of other nations."
Then he goes on to expound the second point of the Party:
"We demand equality for the German people with other nations, the cancellation of the peace treaties of Versailles and St. Germain." the world and, as will be subsequently shown, took an active part in promoting the infection of other nations with his creed. In the "Nature, Principles and Aims of the NSDAP", he states:
"But National Socialism still believes that its principles and ideology though in individually different suitable ways of fight according to racial-national conditions -- will be directives far beyond the borders of Germany for the inevitable fights for power in other countries of Europe and America. There, too, a decision of ideas must take place, and the racial-nationalistic fight against the ever similar loan-capitalistic and marxist internationalism must be taken up. National Socialism believes that once the great world battle is concluded, after the defeat of the present epoch, there will be a time when the swastika will be woven into the different banners of the Germanic peoples as the Aryan symbol of rejuvenation."
This statement was made in 1922. It is thus seen that the defendant Rosenberg gave authoritative expression to the basic tenets upon which National Socialism was founded, and through the exploitation of which the conspiracy was crystallized in action.
Rosenberg's value to the conspiratorial program found official recognition with his appointment in 1934 as the Fuehrer's delegate for the entire spiritual and philosophical education and supervision of the NSDAP. His activities in this capacity were vast and varied. the year 1938 as USA Exhibit 597. At page 180 of this book, which is our document No. 3531-PS, the functions of Rosenberg's office as the Fuehrer's delegate are described as follows:
"The sphere of activity of the Fuehrer's Commissioner for all spiritual and ideological instruction and education of the movement, its organization, including the 'Strength through Joy', extends to the detailed execution of all the educational work of the party and of the affiliated bodies. The office, set up by Reichsleiter Rosenberg, has the task of preparing the ideological educational material, of carrying out the teaching programme and is responsible for the education of those teachers suited to this educational and instructional work."
As the Fuehrer's delegate, Rosenberg thus supervised all ideological education and training within the party.
It was Rosenberg's personal belief that upon the performance of his new functions as ideological delegate depended the future of National Socialism. I offer document 3532-PS as USA Exhibit 598. This is an excerpt from an article by Rosenberg appearing in the March 1934 issue of "The Educational Letter." At page 9 of this publication Rosenberg states:
"The focus of all our educational work from now on is the service for this ideology, and it depends on the result of these efforts, whether National Socialism will be buried with our fighting ancestors or whether, as we believe, it really represents the beginning of a new era."
In his capacity as the Fuehrer's delegate for the spiritual and ideological training, Rosenberg assisted in the preparation of the curriculum for the Adolf Hitler schools. These schools, it will be read, selected the most suitable candidates from the Hitler Jugend and trained them for leadership within the party. They were the elite schools of National Socialism. I offer into evidence document 3529-PS -- I beg your pardon. This document, entitled "Documents of German Policy" is already in evidence as USA Exhibit 365. Translations of excerpts from this document are found in 3529-PS, page 389, and read as follows:
"As stated by Dr. Ley, Reichsorganisationsleiter, on 23 November 1937 at Ordensburg Sonthofen, these Adolf Hitler Schools, as the first step of the principle of selecting a special elite, form an important branch in the educational system of the national socialist training of future leaders.
"The curriculum has been laid down by Reichsleiter Rosenberg, together with the Reichsorganisationsleiter and the Reich Youth Leader." members in the establishment of community schools for all organizations of the party. Document 3528-PS is a translation of page 297 of the 1934 edition of "Das Dritte Reich", which I offer as USA Exhibit 599. It reads as follows:
"We support the request of the Fuehrer's Commissioner for the supervision of the whole spiritual and ideological training and instruction of the NSDAP, Party member Alfred Rosenberg, to organize community schools of all organizations of the NSDAP twice a year, in order to show by this common effort the ideological and political unity of the NSDAP and the steadfastness of the National Socialist will." Himmler, Ley and others.
THE PRESIDENT: Aren't you dealing with this rather in an accumulative way? Isn't it possible to summarize this evidence against Rosenberg more than you are doing?
MR. BRUDNO: I will try to, your Honor. However, although the indictment charges and there is already substantial proof to show that the defendant conspirators used ideological training as an implement in achieving their rise to power and in consolidating their control, there seems to be little evidence as to Rosenberg's position, and I'm introducing this evidence in order to show that he played a dominant role in this connection. However, I will try to summarize these documents if I can.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I've taken down about twenty documents that you have alluded to use, all of which deal with Rosenberg-ideological theories.
MR. BRUDNO: Yes, your Honor, I was merely trying to show the scope of his activities.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
MR. BRUDNO: Your Honors will recall that it was in his capacity as Fuehrer's delegate that Rosenberg established the Institute for the Exploration of the Jewish Question in Frankfort.
This institute, commonly known as the "Hohe Schule", has been referred to in connection with the exposition of art plunders. Into its library there flowed books, documents and manuscripts which were looted from virtually every country of occupied Europe. Further evidence on this score will be introduced by the prosecutor of the Republic of France.
that it was as Ideological Delegate that Rosenberg conducted the fabulous art looting activities of the Einsatzstab Rosenberg, activities which extended to virtually every country occupied by the Germans. I will not attempt to summarize the extent of the plunder, and merely refer the Tribunal to document 1015 b-PS, which has already been introduced as USA Exhibit 385 and the Document L-188, which has been introduced as USA Exhibit 386. Document 1015 b-PS details of looting of 21,000 objects of art. Document L-188, the looting of the contents of over 71,000 Jewish homes in the West, This subject, too, will be further developed by the French Prosecutor.
The importance of Rosenberg's activities as official ideologist of the Nazi Party was not overlooked. In Document 3559-PS, which I wish to introduce as USA Exhibit 600. This Document, incidentally, is the Hart biography of Rosenberg, entitled "The Man and His Work", states that Rosenberg won the German National, prize in 1937. The creation of this prize, Your Honors will recall, was the Nazis' petulant reply to the award of the Nobel prize to Karl von Ossietzki, an inmate of a German concentration camp. The citation which accompanied the award to Rosenberg read as follows:
"Alfred Rosenberg has helped with his publications to lay the way.
His indefatigable struggle to keep National Socialist philosophy clean was especially meritorious.
Only future National Socialist Reich.
The National Socialist movement, awarding him the German National Prize."
The contribution which Rosenberg's book, "The Myth of the Twentieth Century", which is the foundation of all his ideological Fascist propaganda was praised in the official National Socialist book review publication "Bucher Kunde" in 1942.
This publication is our Document No. 2554-PS, dated November 1942. I offer it as USA Exhibit 601. The first page sets forth an appraisal of the "Myth of the Twentieth Century".
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Brudno, you referred us to the "Myth of the Twentieth Century" on several occasions.
MR. BRUDNO: Yes, your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: We really don't want to hear any more about it.
MR. BRUDNO: I wish to show that this book is regarded as being one of the pillars of the movement and I wish to show also, Sir, that it had a circulation of over a million copies.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I think it is absolutely clear from the evidence which has already been given that Rosenberg was enunciating doctrines of the ideology of the Nazi Party, and I don't think that it is necessary to go any further into details about it.
MR. BRUDNO: Very well. If the Tribunal is satisfied that Rosenberg's ideas formed the foundation for the National Socialist Ideological Movement, I will pass on.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, you have already drawn up the fact that he was appointed the Fuehrer's Deputy for that purpose; wasn't he?
MR. BRUDNO: Yes, your Honor, I shall pass on to that point. I would merely like to make reference, however, to Document 789, which has already been introduced as USA Exhibit 23. This document records a meeting between Hitler and his Supreme Commanders, and on that occasion Hitler said:
"The building up of our armed forces was only possible in connection with the ideological education of the German people by the party." and dissemination of National Socialist Ideology was fundamental to the conspiracy. As the apostle of neo-paganism, the exponent of the drive for Lebensraum, and the glorifier of the Myth of Nordic Superiority and as one of the oldest and most energetic Nazi proponents of anti-Semitism, he contributed materially to unification of the German people behind the swastika. He provided the impetus and the inspiration of National Socialism. His doctrines were responsible for the sublimation of morality and the crystallization of the perverted Nordic dream in the minds of the German people, thereby making them useful tools in the hands of the conspirators and willing collaborators in the prosecution of their criminal plan.
I now pass to the second phase of Rosenberg's criminal activities - his active contribution toward the preparation for aggressive war through the international activities of the APA - The Foreign Policy Office of the Party.
As previously indicated in my quotation from "Das Deutsche Fuehrer Lexikon" which is U.S.A. Exhibit 593, Rosenberg became a "Reichsleiter, the highest level of rank in the Leadership Corps, and was made chief of the Foreign Political Office of the Party in April, 1933. The organization manual of the Party, document 2319-PS, which I offer as U.S.A. exhibit 602, describes the functions of the APA as including the influencing of public opinion abroad so as to convince foreign nations that Germany desires peace. The far-flung activities of the APA are indicated at page 14 of the translation of this document and states as follows:
"1. The APA is divided into three main offices:
A. Office for Foreign Referats with the Main Offices
a) England and Far East
b) Near East
c) South East
d) North
e) Old Orient
f) Controls, personnel questions, etc.
B. Office of the German Academic exchange Service.
C. Office of Foreign Commerce.
"2. Moreover, there is in the APA a main office for the press service and an educational office."
such a manner as to conceal the conspirators' true purposes and thus facilitate the preparation for waging aggressive war, were conducted on an ambitious scale. I offer into evidence document 003-PS, which is entitled " A Short Report on the Activities of the APA of the NSDAP". It is USA Exhibit 603. The last paragraph on page 5 of the translation describes the press activities as follows:
"The Press Division of the APA is comprised of persons who together master all the languages that are in use.
Daily they of the Important trends of the entire world press.
I know that them.
The Press Division furthermore conducts an exact archives on exact archives on the most important journalists of the world.
avoided had one consulted these archives. Further, the Press the various official representatives of Germany". And then, "Hearst then personally asked me to often write about the position of German Foreign Policy in his papers.
This year five continuous articles under my name have appeared in Hearst papers all over the world. Since these articles, as Hearst personally informed me, he presented well-founded argument. He begged me to write further articles for his paper". That is, Rosenberg used his foreign policy office to influence world opinion on behalf of National Socialism. of this document that the Rumanian anti-Semitic leader, Cuza, followed his suggestions as (in Rosenberg's words) "he had recognized in me an unyielding anti-Semite." We will hear more of this affair shortly. in a single document. This is the principal document to which I will refer in this phase of the case against Rosenberg. This document bears our No. 007-PS and is entitled "Report on the Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Party from 1933 to 1943". It is signed by Rosenberg. Portions of Annex one, attached to the report, have already been read into evidence as British Exhibit GB-84. The body of the report and Annex two have not been referred to heretofore. As will be seen the document contains a recital of widespread activities in foreign countries. These activities range from the promotion of economic penetration, to fomentation of anti-Semitism; from cultural and political infiltration to the instigation of treason. Activities were carried on throughout the world and extended to such widely separated points as the Middle East and Brazil.
Much of the APA's achievements were brought about through the subtle explooitation of personal relationships. Reading from the middle of the first paragraph on page two of the translation, which refers to activities in Hungary, we learn that:
"The first foreign state visit after the seizure of power took place through the mediation of the Foreign Affairs Bureau. Julius Gombes, who in former years had himself pursued anti-Semitic and racial tendencies, had reached the Hungarian Premier's chair. The Bureau maintained a personal connection with him." source of food imports to the Balkans, as stated in paragraph 3 on page 2 of the translation: I quote:
"Motivated by reasons of War Economy, the Bureau advocated the transfer of raw material purchases from overseas to the areas accessible by overland traffic routes." the source of food imports, particularly fruit and vegetable imports to the Balkans as a result of the Bureau's activities. ing to the report, to "observation of existing conditions" - a phrase which may have broad connotations - and "to the establishment of relations, especially of a commercial nature." in addition to promoting cultural relations, I quote from the middle of the third paragraph on page 3.
"The Bureau's initiative in developing with the help of commercial circles, entirely new methods for the economic penetration of Iran found expression, in an extraordinarily favorable way, in reciprocal trade relations. Naturally, in Germany, too, this initiative encountered a completely negative attitude and resistance on the part of the competent state authorities, an attitude that at first had to be overcome. In the course of a few years, the volume of trade with Iran was multiplied fivefold and in 1939 Iran's trade turnover with Germany had attained first first place."
THE PRESIDENT: Well, now Mr. Brudno, will you kindly explain to the Tribunal how the paragraph that you just read bears upon the guilt of Rosenberg on this trial?
MR. BRUDNO: If Your Honor please, we submit that the conspirators used as one of the tools of conspiracy, the economic penetration of those countries which they deemed strategically necessary to have within the Axis orbit. The activities of Rosenberg in the field of foreign trade contributed materially, we submit, to the advancement of the conspiracy, as charged in the Indictment.
THE PRESIDENT: Are you suggesting that it is a crime to try and stimulate trade in foreign countries?
MR. BRUDNO: If Your Honor please, the expression of ideological opinions or the advancement of foreign trade do not, in themselves, constitute a crime, we agree.
THE PRESIDENT: There is nothing here about ideological considerations. It is simply a question of trade.
MR. BRUDNO: Further on, Your Honor, he mentions the cultural activities.
THE PRESIDENT: I was confining myself, in order to try to get on, to the particular paragraph that you had just cited.
MR. BRUDNO: I see, Your Honor. We are merely trying to show, Sir, that the Germans used the foreign trade weapon as a material part of the conspiratorial program.
THE PRESIDENT: As I have said before, it is not possible for me or for any member of this Tribunal to conduct the case of the Prosecution for them. We can only tell them when we think they are being irrelevant and cumulative and ask them to try to cut down their presentation. It is for you to cut it down.
MR. BRUDNO: Rosenberg goes on to state, if Your Honor please, at page 3 of the translation, that.
"Afghanistan's neutral position today is largely due to the Bureau's activity."