Since fodder supplies will be cut off, pig and decline in the near future.
If they are not seized by the out of it."
THE PRESIDENT: Don't go too fast..... Yes?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: That is the end of that particular quotation. Our next quotation is from the first paragraph of page 4 of the English text. The German text is at page 7, last 2 words of line 26, down to the beginning of line 31.
Quote: "It has been demanded by the Fuehrer that the reduction in the meat ration should be made good by the fall. This can only be achieved by the most drastic seizures of Russian livestock holdings, particularly in areas which are in a favorable transport situation an relation to Germany." from this last exhibit, which I had originally intended to quote the underscored words "In the future", and quote to line 48.
In the German text it is at page 8, third line from the bottom, continuing to line 17 of page 9.
"In the future, Southern Russia must turn its face toward Europe. Its food supluses, however, will only be paid for if it purchases its industrial consumer goods from Germany, or Europe. Russian competition from the forest zone must, therefore, be abolished.
"It follows from all that has been said that the German administration in these territories may well attempt to mitigate the consequences of the famine which undoubtedly will take place, and to accelerate the return to primitive agricultural conditions. An attempt might be made to intensify cultivation in these areas by expanding the acreage under potatoes or other important food crops giving a high yield. However, these measures will not avert famine. Many tens of millions of people in this area will become redundant and will either die or have to emigrate to Siberia. Any attempt to save the population there from death by starvation by importing surpluses from the black soil zone would be at the expense of supplies to Europe. It would reduce Germany's staying power in the war, and would undermine Germany's and Europe's power to resist tin blockade. This must be clearly and absolutely understood." The German text is at page 12, lines 1 to 11.
"1. Supplies for the Army:
"Germany's food situation in the third year of war demands it imperatively that the Wehrmacht, in all its provisioning, must not live off Greater German territory or that of incorporated or friendly areas from which this territory receives imports. This minimum aim, the previsioning of the Wehrmacht from enemy territory in the third year, and if necessary in later years, must be attained at any price. This means that one-third of the Wehrmacht must be fully provisioned by French deliveries to the army of occupation.
The remaining twothirds (and even slightly more in view of the present size of the Wehrmacht) must without exception be provisioned from the Eastern space." The German text is at page 18, lines 15 to 22.
"Thus it is not important under any circumstances, to preserve what has existed, but what matters is a deliberate turning away from the existing situation and introducing Russian food resources into the European framework. This will inevitably result in an extinction of industry as well as a large part of the people in what so far have been the food-deficit areas.
"It is impossible to state an alternative in sufficiently hard and severe terms." English text. The German text is at page 19, lines 11 to 20.
"Our problem is not to replace intensive food production in Europe through the incorporation of new space in the East, but to replace imports from overseas by imports from the East. The task is two-fold:
"1. We must use the Eastern spaces for overcoming the food shortages during and after the war. This means that we must not be afraid of drawing upon the capital substance of the East. Such an intervention is much more acceptable from the European standpoint than drawing upon the capital substance of Europe's agriculture." penultimate paragraph of the English text. The German text appears at lines 24 to 31 of page 19.
"2. For the future new order, the food-producing areas in the East must be turned into a permanent and substantial complementary source of food for Europe, through intensified cultivation and resulting higher yields.
"The first-named task must be accomplished at any price, even through the most ruthless cutting down of Russian domestic consumption, which will require discrimination between the consuming and producing zones."
its face, a studied plan to murder millions of innocent people through starvation. It reveals a program of premeditated murder of millions of innocent people, through starvation. It reveals a program of premeditated murder on a scale so vast as to stagger the human imagination. Mr. Elwyn Jones, of the British delegation, will subsequently show that this plan was, in effect, the logical culmination of general objectives, clearly announced by Adolf Hitler in "Mein Kampf." Each defendant in the box was fully aware of these general objectives when he committed the acts with which he is charged. one I have just quoted. This document is Document No. L-221, which is U.S.A. Exhibit 317. This is a top secret memorandum, dated 16 July, 1941, of a conference at the Fuehrer's headquarters, concerning the war in the East. It seems to have been prepared by Defendant Bormann, because his initials appear at the top of page 1. It was captured by the United States Counter-Intelligence Branch. attended by Hitler, Lammers, and Defendants Goering, Keitel, Rosenberg and Bormann. upon the conspirators' plan to Germanize conquered areas of the Soviet Union. It is important also for its disclosure of the utterly fraudulent character of the whole Nazi propaganda program. It shows how the conspirators sought to deceive the entire world; how they pretended to pursue one course of "2. To emphasize that we are liberators.
"In particular: The Crimea has to be evacuated by all foreigners and to be settled by Germans only. In the same way the former Austrian part of Galicia will become Reich territory.
"Our present relations with Roumania are good, but nobody knows what they will be at any future time. This we have to consider, and we have to draw our frontiers accordingly. One ought not to be dependent on the good will of other people. We have to plan our relations with Roumania in accordance with this principle.
"On principle, we have now to face the task of cutting up the giant cake according to our needs, in order to be able:
"first, to dominate it;
"second, to administer it, and;
"third, to exploit it.
"The Russians have now ordered partisan warfare behind our front. This partisan war again has some advantage for us; it enables us to eradicate everyone who opposes us.
"Principles: Never again must it be possible to create a military power west of the Urals, even if we have to wage war for a hundred years in order to attain this goal. Every successor of the Fuehrer should know, security for the Reich exists only if there are no foreign military forces west of the Urals: it is Germany who undertakes the protection of this area against all possible danger. Our iron principle is and has to remain: We must never permit anybody but the Germans to carry arms."
I next quote from page 3, lines 19 to 31 of the English text. In the German text this is at the last 13 lines of page 5.
"The Fuehrer emphasizes that the entire Baltic country will have to be incorporated into Germany.
"At the same time the Crimea, including a considerable hinterland, (situated north of the Crimea) should become Reich territory; the hinterland should be as large as possible.
"Rosenberg objects to this because of the Ukrainians living there.
"Incidental question: It occurred to me several times that Rosenberg has a soft spot for the Ukrainians; thus he desires to aggrandize the former Ukraine to a considerable extent."
thetically that his was the only aspect of the Germanization program, outlined by Hitler at this meeting, to which Rosenberg objected in anyway. Resuming the quotation:
"The Fuehrer emphasizes furthermore that the Volga Colony, too, will have to become Reich territory, also the district around Baku; the latter will have to become a German concession (military colony)." 16 July, 1941, called for the unlawful incorporation of a part of Galicia and all of the Baltic countries into Germany; and for the unlawful conversion of the Crimea and areas north of it, the Volga territory and the district around Baku, into German colonies. Honors to Document No. 1029-PS, already introduced in evidence by Mr. Aiderman, as Exhibit No. U.S.A. 145. This document was not included in your Document Book, your Honors, but has been read into the record by Mr. Alderman, pages 1202 and 1203. This document is entitled, "Instruction for a Reich Commissar in the Baltic Countries and White Russia."
THE PRESIDENT: Where are you quoting from?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: Sir, it is not included in the Document Book, but it is in the record, at pages 1202 and 1203. In the German text, the original which we have here, it is at pages number 2 and 3.
THE PRESIDENT: Of 1202-PS?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: No sir, 1202 of the record. The PS Number is 1029. That is U.S.A. Exhibit Number 145.
"The aim of a Reich Commissar for Esthonia, Latvia, Lithuania and White Russia (last two words added in pencil) must be to strive to achieve the form of a German protectorate, and then transform the region into part of the German Reach by Germanizing racially possible elements, colonizing Germanic races and banishing undesirable elements. The Baltic Sea must become a Germanic inland sea, under the guardianship of Greater Germany."
I now offer in evidence Document No. EC-3, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 318. This document was likewise found among the captured OKW files at Fechenheim. This document, your Honors, is offered as direct proof of the fact, to which we have previously referred, that even in the food surplus areas of the occupied regions of the Ukraine, the conspirators planned to allocate food on a basis which left virtually nothing for these persons who were not engaged in the compulsory production of commodities for the German war machine. This document, as well as Document No. EC-126, which was introduced a few moments ago and others we offer, should, it is submitted, be read in the light of the explicit provision in Article 52 of the Hague Regulations of 1907, that requisitions in kind and services shall not be demanded from municipalities or inhabitants except for the needs of the army of occupation. In the German text it appears at page 13, lines 1 to 3. The particular document from which I am about to quote is a top secret memorandum, dated 16 September, 1941, concerning a meeting of German military officials, presided over by Defendant Goering. The memorandum was signed by General NAGL, liaison officer between Defendant Goering's Four Year Plan Office and the OKW. I now quote:
"At this conference which was concerned with the better exploitation of the occupied territories for the German food economy, the Reich Marshal called attention to the following:--" English text. The German text is at page 13, third and fourth paragraphs.
"It is clear that a graduated scale of food allocations is needed.
"First in line are the combat troops, then the remainder of troops in enemy territory, and then these troops stationed at home. The rates are adjusted accordingly. The supply of the German non-military population follows and only then comes the population of the occupied territories." our page 1 of the English text. This is a memorandum, dated 25 November, 1941, relating to the general principles of economic policy in the newly-occupied Eastern territories, as prescribed in a conference held in Berlin on 8 November 1941. This memorandum was written by General Nagl. It is on the stationery of the Supreme Headquarters Armament Procurement Office with the Reich Marshal Goering.
THE PRESIDENT: I'ant this document, the part you are going to read now, merely cumulative to EC-126, which you have just read to us, that economic policy directive?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: It further proves that fact, sir. I can omit it, if you like.
THE PRESIDENT: It doesn't seem to add to it.
CAPTAIN HARRIS: It is a rather obvious point and I will concede to your Honor. I shall pass on to the next point. decree, appointing Defendant Rosenberg as the Reich Minister for the occupied Eastern territories. This was the day following the meeting at the Fuehrer's headquarters, which is reported in Document No. L-221and from which we have already quoted at length.
Eastern territories, is set forth in Document No. 1997-PS, which is U.S.A. Exhibit No. 319 and I offer it in evidence. I quote from articles 2 and 4 on page 1 of this decree. The German text is at pages 27 and 28, articles 2 and 4.
"The Civil Administration in the newly-occupied Eastern territories where these territories are not included in the administration of the territories bordering on the Reich or the General Government, is subject to the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.
"I appoint Reichsleiter Alfred Rosenberg as Reich Minister for the occupied Eastern territories. He will hold office in Berlin."
Defendant Rosenberg's views well fitted him for his task as one of the chief executioners of the conspirators' plans in the Soviet Union. His views were plainly expressed in a speech delivered on 20 June, 1940, and is set forth in Document No. 1058-PS, now USA Exhibit No. 147. I refer Your Honors to the first three sentences of the English text. The German text appears on page 9, last five lines and continuing through to line 2 of page 10. In the speech, Defendant Rosenberg stated, and I quote:
"The job of feeding the German people, stands, this year, without a doubt, at the top of the list of Germany's claims on the East; and here the southern territories and the northern Caucasus will have to serve as a balance for the feeding of the German people. We see absolutely no reason for any obligation on our part to feed also the Russian people with the products of that surplus territory. We know that this is a harsh necessity, bare of any feelings."
Exhibit Number 320. This document was likewise found among the captured files of the OKW. It contains a set of directives issued by Defendant Rosenberg in his capacity as Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories. exhibit. The German text is at page 39, paragraphs 4 and 5. In these directives Defendant Rosenberg stated, and I quot "The principal task of the civilian administration in the occupied Eastern territories is to represent the interest of the Reich.
This basic principle is to be given precedence in all measures and considerations. Therefore, the occupied territories, in the future, may be permitted to have a life of their own in a form not as yet to be determined. However, they remain parts of the Greater German living space and are always to be governed according to this guiding principle.
"The regulations of the Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which concern the administration of a country occupied by a foreign belligerent power, are not applicable, since the USSR is to be considered dissolved, and therefore the Reich has the obligation of exercising all governmental and other sovereign functions in the interests of the country's inhabitants. Therefore, any measures are permitted which the German administration deems necessary and suitable for the execution of this comprehensive task."
THE PRESIDENT: Reacts that been read before?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: Not to my knowledge, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well.
CAPTAIN HARRIS: Implicit in Defendant Rosenberg's statement that the Hague Regulations are not applicable to the Soviet Union is the recognition by him that the conspirators' actions in the Soviet Union flagrantly violated the Hague Regulations. The statement indicates that the conspirators were utterly contemptuous of applicable principles of international law.
Mr. Dodd has already introduced into evidence Document 294-PS, now USA Exhibit 185, in connection with the slave labor presentation. This document is a top secret memorandum, dated 5 October 1942, which was found in Defendant Rosenberg's files. It was written by a Mr. Braeutigam, who was a high official in Defendant Rosenberg's ministry for the occupied Eastern territories. I should like to quote two additional passages from this document. I quote from the English text page 1, the first full paragraph, and lines 17 to 20. The German text is at page 1, the first full paragraph, and lines 22 to 25.
"In the East, Germany is carrying on a three-fold war: a war for the destruction of Bolshevism, a war for the destruction of the greater Russian Empire, and finally a war for the acquisition of colonial territory for colonizing purposes and economic exploitation.
"With the inherent instinct of the Eastern peoples the primitive man soon found out also that for Germany the slogan: 'Liberation from Bolshevism' was only a pretext to enslave the Eastern peoples according to her own methods." to the Soviet Union which we propose to introduce at this time. As I mentioned at the outset of this presentation, these exhibits do no disclose all of the conspirators' plan with respect to the occupied countries, out they do, we submit, show a constant pattern, a pattern of ruthless Germanization and destruction. which disclose that German industrialists and financiers aided and abetted Himmler in his relentless program of Germanization, exploitation, oppression and destruction. Exhibit Number 321. This document was found in the vaults of the Stein Bank in Cologn among the files of the banker, Baron Kurt von Schroeder, by a joint British-American team, headed, by Colonel Kellam on the British side and Captain Roth on the American side.
It is a carbon copy of a letter from von Schroeder to Himmler, dated 27 August 1943, and bears von Schroeder's initials. I quote it in its entirety;
"My very honorable Reichsfuehrer:
"With great joy I learn of your appointment as Reichsminister of the Interior and take the liberty to extend my heartiest congratulations to you on assuming your new post.
"A strong hand is now very necessary in the operation of this Department and it is unversally welcomed but especially by your friends that it was you who were chosen for this by the Fuehrer. Please be assured that we will always do everything in our power at all times to assist you in every possible way.
"I am pleased to inform you at this opportunity that your circle of friends has again placed at your disposal this year a sum slightly in excess of RM 1 million for 'special purposes.' An exact list showing the name of the contributors will be sent to you shortly.
"Again all my best wishes - as well as those of my family I remain yours, in old loyalty and esteem.
"Hell Hitler! Yours truly." your Honors -- Document No. EC-453, which is USA Exhibit 322. This document was likewise found in the Stein Bank in Cologne by the abovementioned joint British-American team. It is a carbon copy of a letter from von Schroeder to Himmler, dated 21 September 1943, bearing von Schroeder's initials, with the enclosed list of contributors -
THE PRESIDENT: Captain Harris, on what principle do you suggest that either of these letters can possibly be evidence in this case?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: Your Honors, at the time the motion to postpone the trial as to Gustav Krupp was argued before this Tribunal, the British chief prosecutor specifically stated that if it should be the decision of the Tribunal that Krupp should be dismissed, the evidence as to the part which he, his firm, and other industrialists played in the preparation and conduct of the war would still be given to this Tribunal as forming part of the general conspiracy to which these defendants were involved, with divers other persons not now before the Court.
of the type indicated by Sir Hartley Shawcross. It is evidence which goes to prove the length and breadth of the general conspiracy which is alleged the indictment. Evidence showing contributions as to one of the leading conspiraters, a conspirator who was in the forefront of the unlawful Program to plunder public and private property and to Germanize a large part of the world is itself submitted relevant to this proceeding.
May I continue?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
CAPTAIN HARRIS: I quote the last letter, EC-453, in its entirety:
"Dear Reichsleader:
"I thank you very much for your kind letter of the 14th of this month with which you made me very happy. At the same time, I am enclosing circle of friends and totalling RM 1,000,000. We are very glad indeed to render some assistance to you in your special tasks and to be able to provide some small relief for you in your still further extended sphere of duties.
"Washing you, dear Reichsleader, the best of Luck, I remain in old loyalty and esteem.
"Heil Hitler! Yours very truly." I shall not.
THE PRESIDENT: I don't think it would add to the expedition of the trial, do you?
CAPTAIN HARRIS: Very well, sir. I am exceedingly grateful to your Honors for your Very kind attention.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, Colonel Storey.
COLONEL STOREY: Do your Honors want to proceed now before the recess?
THE PRESIDENT: Perhaps we had better adjourn now for ten minutes.
(Whereupon, at 11.45, a short recess was taken.)
COLONEL STOREY: If the Tribunal please, the remainder of the presentation during the week will be concerning the criminal organizations. The first to be presented now is the Leadership Corps, including some of the illustrative crimes against the Churches, against the Jews, against the Trade Unions, and the operation of the Einsatzstab Rosenberg concerning the looting of art treasures. criminality of the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, it is in point to restate the Prosecution's theory of this case. It is this. The Nazi Party was the central core of the common plan or conspiracy alleged in Count I of the Indictment, a conspiracy which contemplated and embraced the commission of crimes against the peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity as defined and denounced by the Charter. planning, directing and supervising the criminal measures carried into execution by the Nazi Party in furtherance of the conspiracy. More than this, as will be shown, the members of the Leadership Corps themselves actively participated in the commission of illegal measures in aid of the conspiracy. In the light of the evidence to be offered this Tribunal, the Leadership Corps may be fairly described as the brain, the backbone and the directive arms of the Nazi Party. Its responsibilities are more massive and comprehensive than those of the army of followers it led and directed in the assault against the peace loving peoples of this world.
Accordingly, upon the record made in this case and now to be enlarged upon, the Prosecution requests this Tribunal to declare that the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party is a criminal group or organization in accordance with Article 9 of the Charter. Document Book supporting the brief as USA Exhibit V. the recess there was placed upon your bench the Document Book, which has each document marked by tab and each quoted portion embraced by red pencil marks for the assistance of your Honors. In addition, we have passed two documents that have already been introduced in evidence: an enlarged copy of this chart, more detailed, which your Honors have before you, and another chart, in photostatic form, with reference to the Leadership Corps; and both of those will be identified later. the functions, the responsibilities and powers of the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party. First, what was the Leadership Corps-
DR. ROBERT SERVATIUS (Counsel for the Leadership Corps of the NSDAP)--interposing: After the last meeting I received a statement by Justice Jackson in which were proposals about the taking of evidence and the task of the discussion of certain questions which might arise. I cannot understand the scope of these proposals, and must therefore ask that I may at some time speak about these points again, if it is necessary.
THE PRESIDENT: Of course, Counsel will have the opportunity of making a full argument in answer to the argument presented on behalf of the Prosecution.
What I understood from Mr. Justice Jackson on Friday was that he proposed that the evidence on the question of criminal
COLONEL STOREY: First, what was the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party?
What persons made up its membership? What was its size and scope?
refer to Document No. 2903-PS, which is this exhibit on the wall, and which was introduced by Mr. Albrecht at the opening of the trial.
Document 2833-PS, US Exhibit No. 22, which is a chart of the entitled, "The Face of the Party."
It is this little photostatic copy that you have.
Later on we expect to put the big one on the wall.
Corps constituted the sun total of the officials of the Nazi Party. It included the Fuehrer at the top; the Reichsleiter, on the horizontal line; the Reich office holders, immediately below; the five categories of leaders who were area commanders, called the Hoheitstraeger, or "bearers of sovereignty". They are in the red-lettered or red-lined boxes at the bottom. They range all the way from the 40 odd Gauleiter in charge of large districts, down through the intermediate political leaders, the Ortsgruppenleiter, the Zellenleiter, and finally, to the Blockleiter, who were charged with looking after forty to sixty households, and what may be best described as staff officers, attached to each of the five levels of the Hoheitstraeger. as appears from the chart which Your Honors hold in your hands--the principal political leaders on a scale of descending authority were: office holders. officers.
I now offer in evidence Document 1893-PS. That is USA Exhibit No. 323. And this, if your Honors please, is the organization book of the NSDAP, the National Socialist Party. It was edited by the Defendant, Reich Organization Leader of the NSDAP--or the late Defendant-Dr. Robert Ley; and it is the 1943 edition. A large part of the evidence to be offered relating to the composition of the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party will be drawn from this primer of the Nazi organizations, and I shall later quote from it.
And without so requesting the Tribunal each time to take judicial notice, I shall assume, in the absence of question, that it is sc understood. That is Document 1893, the English translation, that we will refer to. of the Reichsleitung of the Leadership Corps, which consisted of the Reichsleiter or Reich Leaders of the Nazi Party--and they are shown on that long horizontal list at the top of the chart--the Hauptaemter (main offices), and the Aemter, or office holders. highest office-holders in the Party hierarchy. All of the Reichsleiter in the main office and office holders within the Reichsleitung were appointed by Hitler and directly responsible to him. You will find it on the left-hand side tab; the first paragraph of page 4 of that Document. I think you will find it embraced in red-pencil marks:
"The Fuehrer appoints the following political directors:
"Reichsleiter and all political directors, to include the Directors of the Womens Leagues, within the Reich Directorate or Reichsleitung." Reichsleitung perfect coordination of the Party and State machinery was guaranteed.
Has Your Honor found it? It is in Document 1893, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I have got it. Go on.
COLONEL STOREY: The Party manual puts it this way-- and I quote from the fourth sentence of the third paragraph of page 20 of that document. You will find the page-number at the bottom, page 20; it is a very short quotation. different, translation in there than what I read from my script. I quote:
"In the Reichsleitung the arteries of the organization of the German people end of the German State merge." translation in that portion in your book. There is a difference in translators.
THE PRESIDENT (Interposing): Just a moment, please. It begins: "It is in the Reich Directorate where the strings of the organization of the German people and of the German State merge." Is that it?
COLONEL STOREY: Yes, sir, that is it. This translation says "the arteries of the organization of the German people and of the German State merge."
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
COLONEL STOREY: To prove teat the Reichsleiter of the Leadership Corps included the most powerful coalition of political overlords in Nazi Germany, it is necessary only to put in evidence their names. The list of Reichsleiter now to be offered into evidence will include the following Defendants now on trial before this Tribunal: late Defendant Robert Ley.
not shown on this chart, if Your Honor please--which carried out a vast program of looting and plunder of art treasures throughout occupied Europe. for the supervision of Nazi ideology and schooling, Rosenberg participated in an aggressive campaign to undermine the Christian churches and to supersede Christianity by a German National Church founded upon a combination of irrationality, pseudo-scientific theories, mysticism, and the discredited cult of the racial state. It will further be shown that the late Defendant Ley, acting as the agent of Hitler and the Leadership Corps, directed the Nazi assault upon the independent labor unions of Germany and that before destroying himself he first destroyed the bastion of republican society, a free and independent labor movement, replacing it by a Nazi organization, the German Labor Front, or the DAF, and employed this organization as a means of exploiting the German labor force in the interests of the conspiracy and to instil Nazi ideology among the ranks of the German workers. of many laws which were designed to promote the conspiracy in its several phases. the officials of the Leadership Corps to the concept of the rule of law by virtue of his efforts to give the color of Law and formal legality to a large volume of Nazi legislation, which was violative of the rights of humanity, such as the Nazi discriminatory legislation designed to degrade, stigmatize, and eliminate the Jewish people of Germany and German occupied Europe. evidence as to his responsibility in directing and furthering the course of the Nazi conspiracy is here and expands with the record in this case. As Chief of the Party Chancellory, right under Hitler, the Defendant Bormann was an extremely important force in directing the activities of the Leadership Corps. As will be shown, a decree of January 16, 1942, provided that the participation of the Party in all important legislation, governmental appointments, and promotions, had to be undertaken exclusively by Bormann.