The Krysiak case I treated here in Supplement No. 3. This is Supplement No. 3 which contains excerpts from the preceeding, and I believe that the Tribunal's already has that. This was confirmed to me by the translation department that it was translated. I shall not introduce anything further from this Supplement No. 3, because I have already given a detailed description. I simply want to point the Tribunal's attention to page 3 of Supplement No. 3.
JUDGE PHILLIPS: Supplement 1 and 2.
DR. FORESCHMANN: Supplement No. 1 has already been introduced.
JUDGE PHILLIPS: That has been introduced.
DR. FORESCHMANN: From document book No. 4 I would like to introduce now as Exhibit No. 50 Document No. 50. This is the affidavit of Rudolf Dippe, dated 12 August 1947. It refers to the conditions in the porcelaine department or plant at Allach. From the contents under paragraphs 6 to 12 here again I would like to refer to paragraph 12 where Dippe's description of Mummenthey so far as his activities in the DEST were concerned is described therein.
As Exhibit No. 51 I would like to introduce Document No. 51, which is an affidavit of Erich Ruppercht, dated 27 August 1947, and describes in detail the conditions in Auschwity. It clarifies all those matter which were dealt with here in the Trial concerning Treplinka and Auschwitz, and which has not been cleared up in the trial, and it also point out that no inmates whatsoever were employed in the illfamed police prison of Treplinka. In paragraph 11 the witness states that he learned to appreciate Mummenthey very much because of his social attitude towards his comrades, and he states verbatim what I can say is if any one dealt with social matters of the employees, and particularly that of the inmates, it was Mummenthey; that the charge made against him concerning the abuse of inmates is not correct.
As Exhibit No. 52 I would like to introduce document No. 52, which is an affidavit of Otto Walter, dated 15 August 1947, and it is contain ed on pages 21 to 24, which rebuts the document introduced by the prosecution by Sauer where the conditions at Mauthausen were described, a description which His Honor corrected right here on the witness dock, where Walter corrects all the mistakes contained in that affidavit by Sauer's document.
As the following exhibit I would like to introduce Document No. 53, which will become Exhibit No. 53, by one Freiderich Kessler, dated 13 August 1947. It also described the conditions at Mauthausen in detail. It stresses the point of Mummenthey that although the plant was under "B", Mummenthey tried to interfere for and help the inmates, and that on hearing of complaints, about the hygienic conditions and the epidemic, he sent Schwartz, and Zater Brauner ther immediately, and he investigated and corrected matters immediately.
As Exhibit No. 54 I would like to introduce now Document No. 54, which is an affidavit of Gerhard Maurer, who was mentioned here several times. I would like to refer to that in order to simplify matters. However, he refers to document NO-2162, Exhibit 298, which is an affidavit or statement given by Phillip Gremm, wherein Grimm has described the death rate in detail.
As Exhibit No. 55 I would like to introduce Document No. 55, which is an affidavit of one Rudolf Poelter, dates 21 August 1947. Poelter is dealing with the financial position of the DEST, and in paragraph 7 points out that the DEST had nothing to do with the OSTI, and he also points out the enormous social accomplishments of the DEST for the inmates, which is shown in the balances of the DEST. He also shos that Mummenthey did have all those characteristics trait as they were mentioned sofar, namely, that he helped the inmates. How on the same level we have here Exhibit No. 56 which will become Document 56, which is an affidavit of noe Henrich Otto Paul Caspritz, dates 20 August 1947, and which refers to Neuengamme, and I would like to point the Tribunal's attention in particular to paragraph 9, where he also states that Mummen they did bring in his power in order to increase the working power of the inmates by giving them additional food, many privileges, and tobacco.
As Exhibit No. 57 I have Document No. 57, an affidavit by one Walter Haenle, dates 21 August 1947. This affidavit explains how the DEST installed the latest models of machines in the DEST plants.
As Exhibit No. 58 I would like to introduce now Document No 58. This is a certificate of Tiede, of Saint Ulrich, Ecangelical Rectory, dated 20 November 1946. I say this is an additional one because I used another one prior to that, and I would like to refer to this, as the certificate shows that Mummenthey did not agree to withdraw from the church and other certain things which were against his idealogy.
Now you have a series of affidavits given by prisoners and inmates. Those are documents Nos. 59 to 64. As Exhibit No. 59 I would like to introduce first document No. 59 which is an additional affidavit of Herbert Engler, who was examined here on the witness stand. Here he has pointed out that He, Engler, owes his life to him, Mummenthey. At the time I could not ask all of those questions, Your Honor, because, Your Honor, Engler was examined during the period of time during which the defendant was in no position to discuss the witness testimony with him, or with the client.
As Exhibit No. 60, I would like to introduce now an affidavit of one Otto Roeske, dates 17 July 1947, this containa pages 51 to 53. Otto Roeske was one of Jehovah's Witnesses, and he has stated quite clearly and touchingly how Mummenthey took care of inmates and of him personally.
As Exhibit No. 61 I would like to introduce Document No. 61, which is an affidavit of one Josef Juskowiak, dates 22 November 1946, and he was one of Jehovah's Witnesses, also agrees with Volk's testimony, and he confirms it.
As Exhibit No. 62 I would like to introduce Document No. 62, which is an affidavit of one Josef Giesen, dates 1 November 1946, on page 65.
He is also one of Jehovah's Witness, and he is confirmed whatever was said by the man before.
As Exhibit No. 63 I would like to introduce document No. 63, which is another of Jehovah's Witnesses. It is Willy Harlass, and he also confirms the testimony submitted by the witnesses sofar.
Q. Now as No. 64, I would like to introduce document No. 64, which is an affidavit by one Emil Heinz, dated 13 January 1947, and I would appreciate if the Tribunal would take judicial notice of it. I would not like to introduce No. 65 because it was introduced by my other colleague, and the last few documents of mine, being Exhibit No. 65 of Supplement No. 2, and Document No. 66 which is Exhibit No. 65, by one Freidrich Wilhelm Seiler-Vierling, dated the 29 August 1947, and he is dealing with the camp of Mauthausen, and he also confirms how Mummenthey helped him along when he also had trouble as an inmate, and he also saved his life.
Exhibit No.66 I would like to introduce which is Document No.67, an affidavit by one of the inmates, F.K. Setina, dated 26 August 1947, which in the first place deals with conditions which prevailed in Neuengamme during the construction of the Oder-Elbe Canal. He again stresses the knowledge as to Mummenthey supplying inmates with food and everything else.
As the last exhibit, which is Exhibit No. 68, we have document No.69 which is a decree of the State Secretary of Interior, dated 1 April 1943-excuse me, it is just pointed out to me that I am mistaken on the exhibit which is Exhibit No. 67, which I would like to introduce as Document No. 68 - - pardon me a minute. This other affidavit is one Josef Steunz dated 29 August 1947, and the last document we have, Exhibit No. 68, Document No. 69, which I just stated is a decree of the Secretary of the Interior, dated 1 April, 1943, and now in Supplement No. 2 -- correction, Supplement No. 3. I have excerpts from the procedure, Your Honor -"our Honor - - I would appreciate if you will take judicial notice of it. I would like to point out that on page 4 is an interesting passage, and I am quite sure, pages 4, 11 and 21, wherein page 4 describes the testimony, and page 11 concerns the Krysiak case, where in 1944 the the doctor who treated him gave a prognosis, namely, that Krysiak would go back to came, because he was a professional criminal, and page 43 contains the sentence which the Tribunal will admit shows quite clearly the conditions there in such a way that it will be nothing but a good sign of those special courts which are illfamed.
That will conclude my introduction of exhibits or evidence.
THE PRESIDENT: What about Supplement No. 1, Dr. Foreschmann, the two affidavits? The affidavit of one Otto Geotius and Alfred Gross. Have they been given exhibit numbers?
DR. FROESCHMANN: They have already been introduced, yes, Your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Documents Nos. 48 and 49?
DR. FORESCHMANN: Nos. 48 and 49 are the exhibit numbers for the trial proceedings of Krysiak. Documents Nos. 48 and 49 were already introduced as Exhibits Nos. 15 and 16.
THE PRESIDENT: Nos. 15 and 16.
DR FROESCHMANN: Yes, Your Honor, Nos. 15 and 16. That is quite correct.
THE PRESIDENT: All right. Is that all?
DR FROESCHMANN: I have finished my introduction of evidence now.
(Discussion ensued about Tschentscher's Book II) Any one else ready to present document books? Have you anything for Tschentscher? Tschentscher is completed.
DR SEIDL: Your Honor, as far as I can see everything except I think my colleague who has only a few documents to introduce which have not been translated as yet, is completed, but at the present time he has inquired about the translation of those documents. Sofar as I know the other defense counsel have no further documents to introduce.
THE PRESIDENT: I see. The Tribunal will recess until quarter to two.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal will recess until 1345.
(Recess until 1345, 16 September 1947)
AFTERNOON SESSION.
(The hearing reconvened at 1350 hours, September 16, 1947.)
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is again in session.
DR. GAWLIK: If the Tribunal please, I saw Captain Rice in the noon recess, and I was informed that my supplementary document book for Dr. Volk and the supplements will be ready only in the course of this afternoon. I have found out that these documents were submitted to the Translation Department on 27 August.
THE. PRESIDENT: We have one document book, Dr. Gawlik, Documents 1 to 29.
DR. GAWLIK: Yes, that is the first document book.
THE PRESIDENT: You haven't introduced that, have you? You haven't introduced that.
DR. GAWLIK: I am about to introduce that, yes.
THE PRESIDENT: All right. How many documents are in the next book, the one that isn't ready yet?
DR. GAWLIK: Them will be nine documents in the next document book, and then there is a further supplement, a document by Gerhardt Hoffmann, which has not yet been translated. It is a single document, the supplement, and it will be completed by this afternoon.
THE PRESIDENT: That means there are ten more documents which we have not received yet.
DR. GAWLIK: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: You go ahead and give us just the substance, just a short resume of those ten documents after you finish this book, and then you can give us the translation any time before the end of the week.
DR. GAWLIK: Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: And that will complete your documents. All right, start there with this one then.
DR. GAWLIK: Yes. Volk Exhibit No. 2 I submit Document Volk No. 5.
I beg your pardon, Exhibit No. 5 will be Document No. 2. 1 to 4 have already offered. This is an affidavit by Josef Opperbeck of 20 June 1947 On Page 3 of the document Book Opperbeck first makes statements about what Volk did in the Main Department III-A/4, namely that there he was merely in charge of the internal office. He also says that he never worked for DEST, but Volk as the man in charge of the legal department with Staff W and as the prokurist of the DWB did not include settling of legal matters for DEST or DAW. They had their own legal departments. Further, Opperbeck makes statements about what Volk did as the personal assistant of Pohl, namely that in that position he merely looked after the purely personal matters of Pohl and his family, and that what he did was really the work of a private secretary. He also makes statements about what Volk did as the business manager of the dwelling establishments, G.m.b.H. and that in particular that in 1943 and he had to be in charge of the evacuation of bombed-out members of these enterprises which claimed much of his time and energies. He did not have to purchase any estates. The company had a civilian employee for that purpose.
I then offer Document No. 7 which will be Exhibit Volk No. 7
THE PRESIDENT: No. 6.
DR. GAWLIK: I beg your pardon, Exhibit No. 6. This is an affidavit by Hermann Pister of 27 June 1947. It is on Page 15 and 16. This has reference to the affidavit submitted by the Prosecution of Pister's namely, Document NO-2327, Exhibit 75. That affidavit, in other words, is a supplement and addition to the affidavit submitted by the Prosecution. Here he states that the commandant's meeting consisted of two parts, the social evening and the actual conference, and that Dr. Volk did not take part in the actual meeting of the commandants. His statements only refer to the social occasions which were hold on the occasion of the commandant's meeting.
He also corrected his statement made in his affidavit submitted by the prosecution in as much as he contends that Dr. Volk never set foot in the area of his concentration camp. By that he means in his affidavit, submitted to the prosecution, only that he met Volk outside the Protective Custody Camp, because he needed to take care for a trip to Erfurt. He emphasizes that as soon as he was commandant at Buchenwald until the end, "I don't recall that Volk ever entered the Protective Custody Camp."
I then submit Document Volk's No. 5, which will be exhibit No. 7. This is an affidavit by Will Burger, of 3 July 1947, on pages 11 and 12 of the Document Book. This affidavit also refers to the prosecution's document to which I referred. He states that Volk did not take part in a commandant's meeting, or of a conversation so held. That only the commandants of the concentration camps were present, of office group chiefs, office chiefs of D, and the Pain Office chiefs. Burger also mentioned that apart from the actual conferences, there was this dinner. There other people took part as well.
I then offer Document No. 3, which will be Exhibit No. 8. This is an affidavit by Gerhard Maurer, dated 3 July 1947, on page 6 of the document book. Maurer was since the establishment of the WVHA, Chief of D-II. His statement also refers to the prosecution's document which I have had reference to before, Maurer also states that the conferences of the commandants consisted of two parts: The actual official conversations, and the social parts. He also said that Dr. Volk did not take part in conferences of camp commandants. Then he makes statements about the fact that Dr. Volk had nothing to do with the DEST. It was not part of his task to purchase real estate for the concentration camps. When I had orders to buy land for the concentration camp of Stuffhoff, that land came only by purchase by the Reich. He never made any request of Maurer to receive inmates as workers.
Then I offer Volk's Document No. 4, which will be Exhibit No. 9.
This is an affidavit by Hellmut Kiener, 3 July 1947, on page 9 of the document book. This affidavit has reference to purchase of land for the concentration camp. It is attempting to prove that Volk had nothing to do with this. Kiener states that for the purchase of the land for the concentration camps, the Reich was solely competent.
I then offer Document No. 6, which will be Exhibit No. 10. An affidavit by Bottfried Buchartz of 8 July 1947, on pages 13 and 14 of the Document Book. That affidavit refers to Dr. Volk's trip to Litzmannstadt, and it makes it clear that Dr. Volk protested against the change of the ghetto at Litzmannstadt into a concentration camp, and that he voiced his protest towards Baier.
I then offer Document 23 as my Exhibit No. 11. Document 24 will become Exhibit No. 12. Document No. 25 will be Exhibit No. 13; Document No. 26 will be Exhibit No. 14; Document No. 27 will be Exhibit No. 15; Document No. 28 will be Exhibit No. 16; Document No. 29 will be exhibit No. 17. These documents are extracts from the Reich Legal Gazette. In the case of No. 23, is the second executive ordinance concerning the assignment of Jewish property. Document No. 24 refers to the activity of Dr. Volk with the dwelling establishments, GmbH, Otherwise I shall take reference to these exhibits in my final plea.
I now offer Document No. 8, which will be Exhibit No. 18, and, Document No. 9, which will be Exhibit No. 19. Document No.8 is an affidavit by Dr. Hans Heinrich Lammers, and Document No. 9 an affidavit by Herbert Klemm. Klemm was at the end the Secretary of State in the Reich Ministry of Justice. By the last two documents I wish to prove that Dr. Volk in 1933 did not join the Party or SS while in Berlin, but by compulsion coming from higher agency, particularly from the Justice Administration, which was exercised on young legal experts, and I wish to say, at that time Dr. Volk had not as yet completed his training as a lawyer.
The next document will be Document No. 12, which will become Ex hibit No. 20.
This is an affidavit by Friedrich Henrich Schwalm, of 11 July 1947. Schwalm testified as to Volk's activity as an expert in Housing and Evacuations, and he refers to the period of time between the Summer of 1943 until March 1944. He states in particular that by this activity Volk's time was claimed to such an extent as to make it impossible for Dr. Volk to do anything else, particularly, those things which the Prosecution has charged him.
Then I submit Document No. 10, which will be Exhibit No. 21 Document No. 11, which will be Exhibit No. 22 Document No. 13, which will be exhibit No. 23 Document No. 14, which will be Exhibit No. 24 Document No. 15, which will be Exhibit No. 25 Document No. 16, which will be Exhibit No. 26 Document No. 17, which will be Exhibit No. 27 Document No. 18, which will be Exhibit No. 28 Document No. 19, which will be Exhibit No. 29 Document No. 20, which will be Exhibit No. 30 Document No. 21, which will be Exhibit No. 31 Document No. 22, which will be Exhibit No. 32 All these documents have reference to that part of my evidence which concerns the high reputation and good character which distinguished Dr. Volk.
I wish to prove with these documents that Dr. Volk could never have committed acts, such as those charged by the Prosecution.
For instance, Document No. 10 shows that Dr. Volk disapproved of Gestapo methods.
Document No. 13, which is Exhibit 23, shows that Volk's membership in the Waffen SS was not a political one. Statements are made about his conduct in life generally. He says that he was not a typical SS man; he was a devout catholic.
Document No. 14, which is Exhibit 24, shows that Dr. Volk disapproved of measures taken by the Gestapo and, as much as he could, he tried to prevent them. He took people's side when people were persecuted by the Gestapo, as much as it was possible for him to achieve anything.
Document Volk No. 15 shows that Volk always disapproved of Party measures.
Document Volk No. 16 shows that Volk was formerly a member of the Zentrum Party.
Document Volk No. 17 shows that Dr. Volk did by no means approve of the Party Program and that particularly as far as the Jewish program was concerned he always took a negative attitude. In particular, he always acted humanely and kindly towards Jews. The affiant quotes an incident here on which he bases his knowledge.
Document No. 19, Exhibit No, 29, shows that the SS was not the dominent factor in Volk's conduct of life and that me merely joined these organizations through compulsion, whereas phychologically he was opposed to the Party measures.
The same applies to the next document, Volk No. 20, Exhibit 30.
Volk 21, Exhibit 31, says the same.
Volk Document 22, Exhibit No, 32 gives statements made by a lady who lived in Volk's neighborhood for years and therefore is in a position to form an impression of Volk's mental attitude.
Volk never indulged in propaganda in the Party sense and disapproved of all violent measures of the SS, particularly inasmuch as they were directed against Jews or political opponents of National Socialism.
This brings me to the conclusion of submitting such documents as have been translated. If Your Honors please, I shall now come to the documents which have not been translated.
I offer Document 40 as Exhibit 33. This is an affidavit by Frau Haufe of 21 August 1947. Frau Haufe was Volk's secretary for many years and in her affidavit she gives very detailed statements about what Volk really did. She says, at first, that it was the task of Dr. Volk as the prokurist of DWB and head of the Legal Department of Staff W simply to work on legal problems, notary problems, draw up drafts, and so forth, and one particularly important point is that Dr. Volk did not deal with any legal matters concerning DEST or DAW. Dr. Volk was not responsible for the legal matters of such companies that employed concentration camp inmates. Furthermore, Frau Haufe testifies that Dr. Volk did not have the authority to issue orders to Office Chiefs or the managers of the companies; also that at no time was Dr. Volk Chief of Staff W; also that Dr. Volk never worked on any documents concerning concentration camp matters; also that the office of DWB never employed inmates; moreover, that it was not in Volk's sphere of tasks to purchase land for the concentration camps, appraise, or buy it. She also makes statements about the fact that Dr. Volk did not know what was really going on in concentration camps and she gives detailed reasons about that. She also speaks about what Volk did as Pohl's personal assistant and that in that capacity he merely looked after the personal matters of Herr Pohl and his family. She knows that because she had to record anything that Volk did. She also says that the term "referent" as used in German was not correct. She speaks also about what Volk did in 1943 and 1944 when he was an expert in housing and evacuation matters when he evacuated the bombed out families of members of the WVHA whom he had to accommodate and that that claimed his time and energies to the fullest.
Also she says that the Reinhardt Action, or the Reinhardt Fund was not knowing in its true meaning by Volk's agency or by Volk himself. She speaks also about the fact that Volk never worked on any problems connected with prisoners of war or foreigners.
The next document will be Document Volk No. 43, Exhibit 34. This is a draft, if Your Honors please, a sketch, rather, of the camp of Stutthof and this sketch makes it clear that the negotiations which were held did not concern the concentration camp, but only the site of the school which was outside the concentration camp. I might perhaps remind the court that my evidence in this respect was based on the fact that Dr. Volk was not in charge of these negotiations; that he merely participated because the money came from the sale of the site of the school and was to be used for an SS settlement near Dantzig.
I then submit Document Volk No. 36, which will be Exhibit 35. This is an affidavit by Reinhold Stechemesser of 14 August 1947. Stechemesser testifies about what Dr. Volk did with the Main Department 3-A-4; that there Dr. Volk was only in charge of the internal office; that he worked on legal problems, but that in that position he did not have the right to arrive at independent decisions or to work independently altogether.
Then I submit Document Volk No. 32 which will become Exhibit 36. This is an affidavit given by Hermann Klauss-Henrich concerning Volk's activity with the DWB. This affiant testifies that Dr. Volk preponderantly worked on the legal problems of the holding company and that he did not have the right to issue orders to the affiliated companies or the legal departments of such companies as employed concentration camp inmates. He also testifies about Volk's activity as Pohl's personal assistant and that he merely coped with Pohl's personal problems and those of his family; also that Dr. Volk between 1943 and 1944 was busy as the expert for housing and evacuation. He also testifies in another para graph that he was not a full time SS officer and that in the beginning of 1940 he was drafted into the Waffen-SS by the Wehrmacht local command on the basis of an order with which he had to comply.
He also speaks about Volk's general political attitude and that the SS was not the dominent factor in Volk's private life, and as far as the measures of the then government were concerned his attitude was a highly critical one.
I then offer Document Volk No. 42, which will become Exhibit 37. This is an affidavit given by Richard Hildebrandt of 25 August 1947. I believe the Tribunal has this affidavit before it. He has information concerning the negotiations in Stutthof; that is to say, he says that Dr. Volk participated in these negotiations, not because he wanted to purchase a site for concentrationcamps, but because Pohl had ordered him to inspect the land for a planned settlement in Adlershorst near Danzig. Hildebrandt says with emphasis that Dr. Volk had nothing to do with the establishment of the former labor camp, which later on became a prison camp. I beg to draw the court's attention to the fact that Hildebrandt was the leader of the Vistula Sector, which was in charge of the concentration camp Stutthof. He is a man, in other words, who has expert knowledge about the state of affairs at the time. In paragraph 8 he emphasizes that Dr. Volk was merely interested in having the financial problems disentangled, not in the purchase of the site for the concentration camp.
I am offering Document Volk No. 44, which will become Exhibit 38. This is an affidavit by Dr. Karl Krauch. This affidavit refers to the problem of the Slate Oil Company and the Slate Oil Research Company, G.m.b.H. Krauch testifies that the production in ErzingenOehringen mentioned in prosecution documents was carried out by the Slate Oil Research Company, which was a Reich Company not under the WVHA. The WVHA was incharge of the German Slate Oil, G.m.b.H., but they had not started operating. All that was submitted by the prosecution in this connection refers not to a company under the WVHA, but to a Reich company namely the Slate Oil Research Company, G.m.b.H.
Then I have Documents Volk 37 and 38. They are Exhibit 39 and 40. These documents are official documents by the president of the Hanseatic Court of Appeals of 22 January 1947 and a letter by the President of the Court of Appeals of Hamm of 7 February 1947. From those two documents it may be seen what pressure and compulsion were applied to young lawyers.
Those two documents -- for instance, Document Volk 38 says, "In accordance with the provisions at the time" -- this means provisions between 1933 and 1935 -- "young recruits for civil servants were impressed with the fact that they must take an active part in the Party and its formations. For instance, this was the final sentence about the record of examination of the higher legal officials. The presidents of district courts were asked to see to it that the young lawyers would be actively cooperating with the Party and formations and show their close link with the National Socialist State. This is a copy of the decree issued by the President of the Court of Appeal of 1937, but the same applies to the earlier period of time and I wish to prove thereby that Volk did not by genuine conviction join the Party and the SS but as a young lawyer in training yielded to the pressure which was applied to the young attorneys by higher authorities against his inner conviction.
I then submit Document Volk No. 39, which will be Exhibit 41. This document is the contract of Dr. Volk with the German Municipal organization. This contract was drawn up in 1942 and from paragraph 1 of the contract it becomes clear that it applied as of 1 May 1942 for a period of twelve years. Paragraph 1 says the German Municipal Organization asked Dr. Volk as of 1 May 1942 to work for it for twelve years. The German Municipal Organization was not an organization of the NSDAP. I want to show thereby that Dr. Volk was not a full time SS officer, as he had a private contract with a corporation of public law.
I then submit Document Volk No. 33 which will become Exhibit 42. That document refers to Volk's political attitude and that Dr. Volk's mode of life was not inaccordance with the SS, but that he took an extremely pessimistic view of certain Party decisions; also that what he did was purely the work of a legal consultant.
Then I must submit Document Volk No. 34, as Exhibit 43, and Document Volk No. 35 will become Exhibit 44. These two affidavits also refer to Volk's political attitude, his reputation, and his general personality.
Document Volk No. 34 shows that Dr. Volk came from an anti-Fascist family. His father in 1933 was dismissed from service because of his AntiFascist convictions.
The next document, Volk No. 35, which is Exhibit No. 44, shows Volk's attitude towards Jews and that he helped a half Jewish woman. called Frau Helene Hoffmann and protected her against measures by the RSHA and he helped Frau Helene Hoffmann to keep her property. This is described in detail in this affidavit.
This brings me to the conclusion of the presentation of documents on behalf of Defendant Volk.
THE PRESIDENT: No more documents If there are any more documents which haven't been translated, Counsel can submit them without reading them into the record. Then can hand them in to the tribunal any time, --well, within the next week or so. There may be some documents which you haven't received yet.
The prosecution will start their argument tomorrow morning. In some way we will finish the argument by midnight Saturday. You should be prepared to spend some evening with us, one or two possibly, but we are going to finish the arguments by the end of this week, we will be here on Saturday, possibly tomorrow evening, possibly Saturday evening. Don't make too many dinner engagements. You may have to break them. Very well, we will recess until tomorrow morning at nine o'clock Prosecution will open. Dr. Seidl will follow and then you haven't arranged the order in which you will come one after the other. Dr. Hoffmann.
DR. HOFFMANN: If the Tribunal please, all I don't know is whether all final pleas have been translated. It might happen that the interpreter will have to translate.
THE PRESIDENT: I can tell that he is overjoyed. Well, you might have to change the order in which your arguments are presented; those that are ready go ahead. We'll see. We'll do it somehow. Tomorrow morning at 9:00 o'clock.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal will recess until 0900 tomorrow morning.
(The Tribunal adjourned until 17 September 1947, at 0900 hours.)
Official Transcript of the American Military Tribunal, in the matter of the United States of America, against Oswald Pohl, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany, on September 1947, Justice Toms presiding.
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the Courtroom will please be seated.
The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal II.
Military Tribunal II is now in session. God save the United States and this honorable Tribunal.
There will be order in the Court.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal is ready to hear the closing arguments of the prosecution. Mr. Robbins, before you begin, will you indicate the point at which you'd like to recess? We'll suit it to you voice and convenience.
MR. ROBBINS: Thank you, sir.
The United States charges these defendants with responsibility for the atrocities committed in the administration of the concentration camp system of the Third Reich.
The history of thesevile institutions is the biography of these men. Himmler brought the defendant Pohl to his Verwaltungsamt-SS in 1934, and from that date Pohl's jurisdiction over concentration camp affairs increase steadily until he became chief of the entire system. Pohl took over construction matters and the SS enterprises in the first concentration camp in Germany at Dachau, and so distinguished himself that by 1936 he was handling the clothing, finance, auditing, and construction for all concentration camps and for the Death Head units which were used for guarding them. In 1938 he added the stone quarried at Mauthausen and Flossenburg. In 1939 a labor allocation office was added, and in February 1942 he assumed complete jurisdiction for the administration of all concentration camps and continued as their supreme chief until the collapse.
Every minute, every aspect of the inmates' lives was regulated by Pohl and his associates. Such food, clothing, medical care, and and billets as the inmates had these men furnished.