He certainly does and if he hasn't seen them, the reason they were not passed out before is because of the fact that your Honors excluded the exhibit at the time of the first offer and it was felt unnecessary to take up the time of the court in distributing the photographs.
Perhaps, if Dr. Laternser could look at the photographs overnight then in the morning he would be in a position to make any objections, if any - what objections, if any, he has to their offer.
JUDGE BURKE: It is the ruling of the Tribunal that he should be given the opportunity to examine them within the period indicated -- namely, 24 hours.
MR. DENNEY: Excuse me, your Honors.
I am now handing Dr. Laternser the original exhibits which we propose to offer, the pictures with the Jugoslav text and the seal of the National Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes on the back of each picture, save two or three where it has been necessary to photostat the front side and the back side to bring them to Nurnberg, also an English translation of what there appears.
I am delivering the duplicate original set of photostate with the Jugoslave photostated and a German translation of the matter which appears in the Jugoslav language on the back, on the reverse side of each picture.
JUDGE BURKE: Then it is mutually agreed that the period of 24 hours shall be allowed for such examination as Dr. Laternser desires to make in the photographs?
MR. DENNEY: Dr. Laternser has informed me he can examine them this evening, your Honors, and will have no objections to my again making the offer in the morning at the opening of court.
DR. LATERNSER: Your Honors, that speaks for myself. I cannot make this statement for my colleagues. Maybe my colleagues want to have 24 hours. I personally am agreed that this can be offered tomorrow morning.
MR. DENNEY: Well, there are two sets of the pictures and I see five other counsel for defendants here. Perhaps, they would be willing to look at the original or the copy between now an tomorrow morning so that we can again make the offer at that time. I submit that there is -
JUDGE BURKE: In any event, if there is not complete agreement with respect to the period of time between now and the morning, it may be considered that the full 24 hours will be allowed. There is no such great speed involved.
MR. DENNEY: Yes, your Honor. I am perfectly willing.
DR. HINDEMITH (Assistant of Dr. Rauschenbach, counsel for defendant Foertsch): At this time, your Honors, I would like to point out to the Tribunal that this rule, to allow 24 hours before presentation of a document before the Court has never been abided by. Document Book No. IX which has been offered this morning -- or, rather, this afternoon -- was only given to the defense yesterday afternoon. That makes it very difficult for the defense because there is no possibility -- it makes it very difficult for the defense to talk with the defendant.
JUDGE BURKE: To which subject is the counsel addressing the Tribunal and what objection?
DR. HINDEMITH: I would like to ask the Tribunal to tell the prosecution quite generally that it should abide by this rule of procedure.
Document Book IX has only been given to us yesterday afternoon. It is already being presented not in the afternoon session. The 24 hours term has not been kept in this case.
JUDGE BURKE: No objection has been raided by counsel up to this time.
MR. DENNEY: If your Honor please, we have furnished the defense counsel with many more documents than we have already used and I believe that everything that has been in Document Book IX has been in the Defense Information Center for quite some time and, while the actual book itself was not furnished until yesterday, I dare say that almost all -- by that I mean more the 95% of the material -- was available to them long before yesterday.
JUDGE BURKE: We will proceed.
MR. DENNEY: At this time we would appreciate it if we could serve to the counsel for the defense, and also give copies to your Honors some additional parts of this report so your Honors perhaps may have an opportunity to glance at it in case there are objections made. There are some several pages here, 20 or 30 -- if that's agreeable with the Court.
JUDGE BURKE: That may be considered as agreed on by the Tribunal.
MR. DENNEY: We will also hand to counsel for the defense eight more sets of the pictures. Now they have a complete set of the pictures for every one of defense counsel in addition to the original set, and all of the nine sets have the text in German and in Jugoslavian -- and we also deliver three sets for the court.
JUDGE BURKE: We will reserve the examination until after the conclusion of such objections as may be made.
MR. DENNEY: The only reason I handed them to your Honors is because if objections are made you will certainly have to look at them then, it would seem and I am just -I am not trying to show the Court something indirectly that I may be prohibited from doing directly, but it is submitted that -
JUDGE BURKE: Well, subject to the ruling that the Tribunal made with respect to the whole document, I think it is perfectly safe.
You may proceed.
MR. DENNEY: Thank you, your Honors.
MR. DENNEY: I now hand the defense counsel nine copies in German of an interrogation conducted in the Military Prison, Belgrade, on 24 March, 1947, of one George Kiessel, and one copy in German and English for each of the reporters and the interpreters, and again, three copies for the Court. This is still part of Exhibit 100B.
The Court has now to received some additional pages starting out, "To the Population of Valjevo and Neighborhood". This is again part of Exhibit 100B, and I hand to the counsel for the defense 9 copies in German, and an English and a German copy for the reporters and interpreters, and three copies for the court, of the further sections of the report. This part is headed. "Novi list (Neues Blatt), 5 August 1941.
There are 9 copies for defense counsel, in German, copies in English and German for the interpreters and translators, and for Major Hatfield, of the exhibits, with an English translation of each.
These are not for the record. We are giving Major Hatfield a copy of the photographs, which he is now receiving.
Now may the record show that the defense counsel have received all of the material which comprises the official report which has been submitted here of the National Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes of Yugoslavia.
THE PRESIDENT: Do you so concede Dr. Laternser? For the record it is so conceded.
MR. DENNEY: This is all that we offer at this time.
There are additional excerpts which may be offered later.
THE PRESIDENT: Subject to the same ruling.
MR. DENNEY: Oh, yes, your Honor.
Turning again to Document Book 9, page 51 of the English and 65 of the German, we come to NOKW-1722 which is offered as Prosecution's Exhibit 228, in evidence: These are reports, orders, and memoranda concerning a conference with the Commanding General Serbia, dated 2 October 1942, and is taken from the War Diary of the Commanding General and Commander in Serbia.
"Conference of Chief's of Staff Salonika General for Special Missions von Unruh/OKW will call on garrisons and offices to check on garrison installations, table of organizations etc."
And then the note:
"(a person of a highly suspicious nature)."
"Chief of OKW has issued an order that certain punishable deeds of the non-German population particularly in the southeast area are not punished severely enough. In order to achieve an effective deterrent effect, these punishable deeds in particular which are directed against the Wehrmacht are to be punished more severely, the punishment to be executed ruthlessly. Aiding and abetting the enemy and unauthorized possession of arms is to be paid for with death.
A reasonable composition of the Courts must be attended to. The ideas of the judges are much to clement for the fourth year of the war. In cases of suspected espionage most severe measures must be employed."
"Our Divisions frequently seem to have a too pro-Serbian attitude. The SS will offer example." And then enclosure 29 of the War Diary for 10 October 1942.
Subject: Precautionary measures against enemy attacks.
The treacherous attack on an officer with lethal effect compels greatest precaution toward the cunning enemy. The carelessness observed in different places is out of place even in times of complete quiet! The movement of individual soldiers outside of the billets and at night offers to the insurgents an easy opportunity for attacks.
Because the insurgents fear German reprisal measures one must count on the possibility that - contrary to previous custom - the German soldiers who have become victims of the attack will be hidden away.
For the protection of the German Wehrmacht I order therefore that the established reprisal measures for dead and wounded may also be entended in the future in accordance with the situation to missing German soldiers pursuant to an application.
This, if Your Honors please, is from Baden, the Lt. General of Artillery, Commanding General and Plenipotentiary, in Serbia, and it is signed by him.
Then on 10 October 1942, again the distribution of this next order appears on the following page, and went through the information of the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, who at that time, of course, was Loehr, who had just moved in. This is:
"Treatment of captured insurgents in Serbia and States:
1.) A person encountered carrying aims or assisting insurgents during combat actions is to be hanged or to be shot dead as a matter of principle. Leaders, political commissars and couriers are to be interrogated first of all if possible in collusion with SD.
2.) Insurgents taken outside of combat actions, insurgents who have surrendered giving up their arms, persons arrested under suspicion of belonging to the insurgent movement, of having aided and abetted the insurgents or in any other manner coop erated with the insurgents are in general to be turned over to the Commander of the Security Police.
This does not infringe upon the authority of the Commander of Administrative Sub Area Headquarters to instigate and execute court-martial procedures."
Then dropping down to 4, on page 67 of the German text, "4.) Persons arrested who do not come within the province of a court martial trial will be treated as follows:
Persons whose guilt has not been proved will be released or sent to a prisoner of war camp Convicted persons will be made available for the Plenipotentiary General for Economics to procure voluntary work for him or they will be deported for compulsory labor by the Commander of the Security Police in either case in accordance with the degree of their guilt.
And there again there is an illegible initial, but one order is signed by Bader.
Then again on the 10 October 1942 he makes a report to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast with reference to an early communication which is cited there of 3085, 7 October 1942, Point "A", which was referred to in the earlier communication. Bader states:
"Has been settled by agreement with the Senior SS and Police leader in accordance with the enclosed order. Even in accordance with the ruling up to now only those persons can be sent to prisoner of war camp who have not been convicted but whose evacuation from Serbia seems to be required as a precautionary measure."
Again referring to the basic communication.
PRESIDING JUDGE BURKE: We will pause at this point and adjourn the Tribunal's hearing until 9:30 tomorrow morning.
MR. DENNEY: If your Honor please.
(Tribunal recessed until 0930 hours 25 July, 1947)
Official Transcript of Military Tribunal V, Case VII in the matter of the United States of America against Wilhelm List, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany, on 25 July 1947, 0930, Justice Wennerstrum, presiding.
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the courtroom will please find their seats.
The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal V.
Military Tribunal V is now in session. God save the United States of America and this Honorable Tribunal.
There will be order in the courtroom.
THE PRESIDENT: Marshal, you will ascertain if all the defendants are present in the courtroom.
THE MARSHAL: May it please your Honors, all the Defendants are present in the Courtroom.
THE PRESIDENT: You may proceed on behalf of the prosecution.
MR. DENNEY: May it please your Honors, yesterday the court gave permission for the withdrawal of Exhibit No. 100B, so much of it as had been received in evidence, and that the photostatic copies be made, and I now hand the photostatic copies of the original Yugoslav reports back to the Secretary General.
I have discussed, informally, with some of the defense counsel, the question of proceeding with the balance of Exhibit 100B at this time, and it appears that one of the counsel who objected is not here at this time, so perhaps it would be best to pass it for the time, in view of the fact that he is not here to indicate whether or not he has had an opportunity to examine them.
At the close of Court yesterday, we were on Exhibit 228, which is NOKW 1722, and I should again like to direct the Court's attention to the fact that this is the period August '42 to August '43, during which time the defendant Geither was chief of staff to the Plenipotentiary Commanding General in Serbia, and the defendant Foertsch was chief of staff to the Armed Forces Commander Southeast, who at the time, as the Court will recall, starting with 9 August 1942, was General Loehr.
Then there is one part of the present exhibit which has already been read to which I should like to direct the Court's attention. It was the last page, 53 of the English, and 66 of the German, on the treatment of captured insurgents in Serbia, dated 10 October 1942.
It refers at paragraph 1 to "political commissars," on the 3rd line of that paragraph. I neglected to point that out in passing, yesterday.
Turning to page 68 of the German, and 54 of the English, still on Exhibit 228, the report for 10 October 1942, to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, Point (A), this is in reply, - we were in the middle of this yesterday, -- this is in reply to a communication from the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, to the Commanding General and Commander in Serbia:
"Point A) has been settled by agreement with the Senior SS and Police leader in accordance with the enclosed letter. Even in accordance with the ruling up to now only those persons can be sent to prisoner of war camp who have not been convicted but whose evacuation from Serbia seems to be required as a precautionary measure."
DR. LATERNSER: I dislike to interrupt here, but I have just been told that the transmission is not in order, in the case of the defendants.
MR. DENNEY: The defendants cannot hear, nothing is coming through on their earphones, your Honors.
THE PRESIDENT: Let the record indicate that the defendants can now all hear, and we will proceed.
MR. DENNEY: Thank you, your Honors.
"Point A) has been settled by agreement with the Senior SS and police leader in accordance with the enclosed order. Even in accordance with the ruling up to now, only those persons can be sent to prisoner of war camp who have not been convicted but whose evacuation from Serbia seems to be required as a precautionary measure."
Point B of the original communication is being referred to.
"Point B) has been clarified so that a limited number of Security Police vehicles will receive special identification papers 'Secret Service Trip' which will free them from the control of Wehrmacht patrols."
"For the Commanding General and Commander in Serbia", signed "von Geitner". The signature is typed and is signed.
Then the date 12 October 1942 with reference to a teletype of the previous day, a communication to the district headquarters from the Commander in Serbia, Military Commander Serbia:
"As reprisal measure for the racial German policeman shot in Samosch on 10 October 42 the hanging of 50 Communists is hereby approved."
On page 69 of the German and 56 of the English, report for 15 October 1942, with reference to activities of the SS Division Prinz-Eugen to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, from the Commanding General and Commander in Serbia;
"After the destruction of Xriva Reka the armed and resisting male population were killed.
Mayor and municipal civil servants near Trstenik convicted as insurgents. Houses burned down in reprisal.
Then for the 22nd of October, -- it says "27" on the mimeographed copy, it should be the "22", at the bottom of page 69 in the German, to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, again from the Commanding General Plenipotentiary in Serbia, 717th Division, 1st Company of the 700, -Could I see the original again please?
MR. DENNEY: "The 1st Company of the 737th Infantry Battalion encountered enemy group in Mhaljevci, 5 enemy dead, 18 prisoners shot to death, own losses: 8 wounded." And the Daily Report of the 23rd to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, "In reprisal for the racial German policemen murdered on 10 October, 50 Communist executed in public." And this is a reference back to the report of the 12th of October for the 10th of October, which is contained in Exhibit No. 228. That is Page 69 of the German and Page 55 of the English. And then, "1st Royall Bulgarian Occupation Corps: 6 Communists shot to death." Page 71 of the German and Page 58 of the English, report for the 24th October, to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, Croatia: 714th Infantry Division: During mopping up operations, 4 enemy dead, 7 suspects captured, 16 rifles, 2 machine guns and equipment captured. Shelters for insurgents burned down. During reconnaissance of II Battalion , 741st Infantry Regiment contact with the enemy, 2 dead, 2 prisoners shot, 1 Ustascha dead, 1 wounded." And then for the 25th, still to the Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, and still from the Commanding General Commander in Serbia, on Page 71 of the German and Page 59 of the English, "Own patrol fired on by band northwest of Cacak, 13 inhabitants arrested, farm burned down. Influential Serb murdered near Cacak. Of 64 arrested (Daily Report 22 October) 4 convicted persons shot to death." And for the 26th--I believe in the German copy that is an error; it should be for the 26th of October, the next one. "Croatia: 714th Infantry Division: Kozara operation concluded. Additional 19 enemy dead, 6 prisoners (will be shot after interrogation)" Report on the same date for the "Prinz Eugen" Division, "Leading unreliable Cetnik shot dead for unauthorized possession of arms." And then, the last page of the document, Page 72 in the German and Page 60 in the English, the report for the 29 of October, "SS Division "Prinz Eugen": During operation Eizer Voda, 3 insurgents shot in public by the 2nd Mountain Jaeger Regiment." Turning then to Page 73 of the German and Page 61 of the English is Document No. NOKW-1156. This is offered as Prosecution's Exhibit No.
229 in evidence. This is a report for the Commanding General and Commander in Serbia, for whom the Defendant Geitner was Chief of Staff, for 30 October 1942, with reference to the title, "The Communist Insurrection Movement in the area of former Yugoslavia." Paragraph 3, "Leadership:" "The supreme leader of the Communists of Yugoslavia is "Tito". His origin is probably Croatian of Slovanian. He is alleged to have participated in the Spanish Civil War. Up to now, no details could be ascertained regarding his person. Headquarters are situated in Mliniste in the Klekovac Mountains (23 Southwest of Kljuc). "Tito" considers economic co-operation of the partisans as equal partners with Germany as absolutely possible even in the Yugoslav ares."
Strength: Reports available estimate the total number of Communist insurgents to be 28,000 to 30,000 men, 60% of which are armed. Only a minor part can be considered convinced Communists. The masses composed of farmers and workers who were mislead by propaganda and /or fled into the woods for fear of reprisal and elimination measures.
Active participation of women and girls as nurses and as couriers is common practice in all units.
Organization: The basic unit of the armed Communist groups is the peoples' liberation partisan unit which corresponds approximately to a Battalion (frequently also to a regiment) and which is organized in companies, platoons and groups.
When the movement grew, it became necessary to organize brigades which were assembled according to ancestral origin as Serbian, Bosnian and Herzegowinian brigades. A further step was the organization of the Proletarian Brigades which were to accentuate symbolically the part played by the workers in combat. The assault brigades represented a specialization which was due to the acceptance of selected fighters and choice equipment.
In the 1st unit of the staff for the Bosnian Krajina even a Youth Battalion has been found to exist.
"A political commissar --"
MR. DENNEY: And again the reference is called to the Court's attention "-----is assigned the leader in all of the units as far as the company.
Rank insigna: All are worn on the upper part of the left sleeve. Commandant of the zone of operation: like his staff officers an open chevron with the point on top and the red star below. Battalion Commander: 1 red star; 1 vertical stripe below. Company Commander: 3 red stars. Platoon Leader: 2 red stars. Group Leader: 1 red star. Unit Political Commissar: 1 red star, hammer and sickle in gold superimposed 2 vertical stripes below. Battalion Political Commissar: 1 red star, hammer and sickle in gold superimposed, 1 vertical stripe below. Company Political Commisar: 1 red star, hammer and sickle in gold superimposed.
All wear the Soviet star in their hat.
Method of Combat: In Combat, the insurgents apply the principles of guerrila warfare as they were made available to the troops as early as Fall 1941.
MR. DENNEY: And then there's a reference to a Command Staff Section communication of that day.
However, as can logically be expected, the developments of the movement has brought along a change in combat method. One can differentiate three variations.
a. The ambush of small bands with the purpose of acquiring weapons ammunitions and equipment to equip new members.
b. The open attack of medium size bands with the purpose of annihilating the legal armed forces having for a secondary aim, the acquisition of loot.
c. The conquest of strategically important villages in such numbers as to make possible a total occupation of the territory desires.
If a large size hand is scattered, the sub-leaders return to the methods of guerrilla warfare.
The attack on morally or materially infeior enemies is considered customary. The bands evade superior forces because signal communications supply them in time with the information necessary for an estimate of the situation. If a band is surrounded, it scatters according to orders and attempts individually under the protection of the night to leave the encircled area. During the day, all means of camouflage are used like digging in, covering with foliage, climbing up trees, etc. The treatment of prisoners differs. Frequently it is based on propaganda reasons and is carried out in such a manner that the prisoners are not shot to death but are released after having been robbed of everything. If the leadership considers it practical, exchange is also suggested. Officers were shot to death in almost every case.
And the attention of the Court is called to the part of rank insignia of Battalion Company political Commissars and the similar but not identical language in the Commissar order which appears at page 51 of Document Book 1 at -and that is NOKW-1076.
Then turning to page 75 of the German and 65 of the English, NOKW-1394 is offered as 230 in evidence, This is again a report with reference to insignia and it is an enclosure to the 718th Infantry Division report from the staff of the Division Commander and there are also annexed to the original, which I should like to hand up for the Court to examine, some small diagrams of the distinguishing insignia of the units which were fighting with the partisans under the direction of Tito. It is dated 1 November 1942.
"Information about the enemy No. 9. At the beginning of October 1942 a group of Communists 500 to 600 men in strength was reported south of Travnik in the area BistroRastovo, and on the Vranica Plain. Another group moved on 8 October 1942 from Kupros towards the east to the Vranica Plain, These two groups form a brigade under the leadership of Steva Kovacevic, a former farmer from Montenegro whose staff is at a point 2107 Locike in the Vranica Plain."
Up to now the 3 battalions were determined. The III Battalion, it gives its area, strength 200 men, armament unknown.
The IV Battalion with a staff, gives its area, strength 180 men, armament 2 heavy machine guns, 3 light machine guns of Italian origin; leader: Milovan Saranovic; Political Commissar: Vrbica, alias "Migo".
The V Battalion, gives its area, consisting of indigenous peasants, men only, strength 200 men; armament; 5 light machine guns and rifles (of Yugoslave origin).
"The whole Brigade is not uniformly clothed. In addition to civilian clothes German, Croatian, Italian and Serbian uniforms are worn. All however wear a rod star on the cap. The medical service is very bad. The food supplies are good, but there is no salt and no tobacco. Ammunition is very scarce.
The IV and V Battalions were alerted on 51 October 1942 as they presumed an operation of the German Wehrmacht and retreated allegedly in direction Bugojno on 1 November 1942.
The V Battalion has with it as a prisoner Corporal Buerger of the 3rd Company of the 668th Regiment. The negotiations of exchange offered by the Communists on 31 October 1942 remained without success on account of the alerting of the Brigade."
For the Commander of the Division The 1st Officer of the General Staff" And the Geitner who is mentioned here is the one we have referred to before and not the defendant Geitner.
Page 76 of the German and 67 of the English, Document NOKW-1412, is offered as prosecution's exhibit 231. These are some extracts from the War Diary of the Commanding General in Serbia with reference to the exchange of hostages with the SD, together with an order for shooting mayors who. show a passive disposition.
Page 77 of the German and 68 of the English under date of 26 November, the Army Chief of Staff -
THE PRESIDENT: Pardon me, you now refer to page 68?
MR. DENNEY: Page 68 of the English and 77 of the German.
THE PRESIDENT: Pardon me, will you repeat what it is, please.
MR. DENNEY: 68 of the English.
THE PRESIDENT: And what document number?
MR. DENNEY: 77 of the German, Document NOKW-1412. The first page is just the cover page of the War Diary.
THE PRESIDENT: My document book -
MR. DENNEY: Sir, we can get your pages for your Honor. Are some pages omitted?
THE PRESIDENT: Apparently so. I am using the Secretary General's book this time.
MR. DENNEY: I am sorry it has happened, your Honor. We will certainly endeavor to correct it at the recess.
Under date of 26 November 1942, the Army Chief of Staff -- that is a reference to the defendant Foertsch -- requests by telephone the shooting to death of all mayors remaining passive.
"Teletype order to 610th Administrative Sub-area Headquarters to exchange in agreement with the SD the 60 hostages (for kidnapping of a German police sergeant) which have been seized unauthorized by the Commanding Officer of the II. Battalion of the 5th Police Regiment primarily for persons those who are suspected of Communism.
The Commanding General agrees to the successive shooting to death of a certain number of these hostages if the kidnapped police sergeant does not return within a definite time limit. The population is to be informed.
And the Commanding General who is here referred to is -this is an extract from the War Diary of the Military Commander and Commander in Serbia.
Teletype order to 704th Infantry Division and to Administrative Sub-area Headquarters 599 to shoot to death 25 hostages in reprisal for Organization Todt man who was found murdered near Zagubica and to proclaim it publicly."
These again are typewritten excerpts, andon page 69 of the English and 78 of the German, NOKW -
JUDGE CARTER: In this previous document you say that the Army Chief of Staff refers to Foertsch?
MR. DENNEY: Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Commander Southeast, yes, your Honor.
JUDGE CARTER: I thought this was the diary of the Commanding General in Serbia.
MR. DENNEY: It is the diary, sir, but it says the Army Chief of Staff and the only army that is down in that area at that time was the 12th Army, if Your Honor will recall, which at this time was the commanded by the not present General Loehr to whom the defendant Foertsch was Chief of Staff? It had been carried over from first List, then Kuntze, and now Loehr.
NOKW-1250, which is at page 69 of the English and page 78 of the German is an order of the Armed Forces Commander Southeast for increased partisan combat during the winter of 1942--1943. This is offered as prosecution's Exhibit 252 and on this we would pass it up to your Honors and direct your attention to the initial of the defendant Foertsch which appears to the right of the signed copy of the order. It is dated 7 December 1942, top secret, 20 copies of which this is the 20th copy, under Wehrmacht Commander Southeast, and the distribution appears on the third page, page 71 of your Honors' book.
Intensified Combatting of Bands during the Winter 1942 / 1943
1). In the expansion of the overall position in the Mediterranean area the enemy powers will attempt more than they have done so far, to create the prerequisites for establishing a new front in Europe through inciting and supporting the insurgent movements in the Balkans. All the more we must do everything to prevent this. Every band formation which proclaims itself must be nipped in the bud, every enemy group which appears must be destroyed and exterminated immediately ...
2). This knowledge, as well as the fact that additional units from Germany cannot be expected, forces us to an intensified conduct of warfare. This must adjust itself to an increased extent to the fighting methods of our enemies and must surpass them. Surprise, speed, stratagem and ambushes, raids, espionage, effective reprisal measures (hostages), pursuit detachments, and shock troops led by hold commanders, etc., are the means for this. The concept "Winter Quarters" does not exist. But above all we must also become mobile with regard to the concentration of larger formations. The mission can only be accomplished if the largest possible concentration of fighting strength, in keeping with the appropriate traffic and terrain situation, can be attained within the shortest time possible, and relentlessly overcoming all terrain and weather difficulties. Any formation of the enemy that shows itself can be effectively destroyed and it must be accomplished under any circumstances. A shifting of units to combat enemy forces that have landed within the entire coastal area of the Southeast can also be considered.