"He was given quinine. In about 17 days he left to hospital. After being released from the hospital he had to report back every Saturday. Eight months later he had an attack of malaria, which recurred, precisely every three weeks for six months. The symptoms he felt were high fever, chills and pains in the joints. Koch did not volunteer for the experiments, mor did the other prisoners who were mostly Poles and Russians, who underwent the treatment with him.
"The prisoners were infected with malaria by the injections of mosquitoes themselves or the injections of extracts of the mucous glands of the mosquitoes. After having contracted malaria, the prisoners were treated in different ways. Some, as Father Koch, were given quinine. Others were given neo-salvarsan, pyrami antipyrin, a drug numbered 92516, and several combinations of these. Some people died as a result of these experiments. Schilling was present when autopsies were performed on some of these persons. Whenever anyone died who had been injected with malaria, a report of that death as made to the accused Schilling and the chief doctor. Some of the victims died from the intoxication of neo-salvarsan and pyramidon, for many individuals could not withstand large doses of these drugs. From the autopsy it could be determined that a patient died of neo-salvarsan since the reactions were similar to arsenic. In the beginning of 1944 three deaths resulted from the use of pyramidon. These people were brought directly from the malaria ward to the autopsy room. Two young Russian boys who were trans ferred from the Malaria ward to the general medical ward died within a day after their arrival because of overdoses of pyramidon. They had been sent to the gener ward so that the official cause of death which would be stated would not be malar Pyramidon has toxis influence on the blood corpuscles which causes them to disintegrate. Malaria was the direct cause of thirty deaths and, as a result of complications, 300 to 400 more died. People who had died directly from malaria, had some straight from the malaria ward, while the 300 to 400 others had undergone the malaria experiment. These people who had been subjected to malaria may later have died of tuberculosis, pneumonia, or dysentery. Some of the patients whom Dr. Schilling used had tuberculosis before undergoing the experiments. Fever type diseases have adverse effects on tuberculosis. An index of the malaria diseased people was kept in the hospital office.
"Schilling received various visitors such as Dr. Rabbit, who was a Reich SS physican at Oranienburg.
"A pre-trial affidavit of the accused Schilling executed in his own handwriting on 30 October 1945 before 2nd Lieutenant Werner Conn was admitted into evidence. This statement reads in pertinent part and in translation as follows:
"My name is Professor Dr. Klaus Schilling. I have already worked on tropical diseases for 45 years. I came to the experimental station in Dachau in February 1942. I judge that I innoculated between 900 and 1,000 prisoners. Those were mostly innoculated for protection. These people, howrever, were not volunteers. The inmates whom I gave protective innoculations were not examined by me but by the present camp doctor. Before the innoculations there was usually an observation of several days. Tho last camp doctor was Dr. Hintermair. As well as I can remember, in three years there were 49 patients who died outside the malaria station. The patients were always released by me as cured only after one year.
"As remedy I used quinine, atabrine, and neo-salvarsan. I know for sure of six cases where I used pyramidon tablets to hold down the fever".
We turn now to Section V of the Review of Trial, which is "Evidence for the Defense", paragraph 15, in reference to Dr. Kurt Klaus Schilling.
"The accused Doctor Schilling elected to testify and made the following unsworn statement: He was 74 years old, married, had one son, and was a physician. He had specialized in tropical diseases, particularly malaria, since 1898. Dr. Schilling studied under Professor Koch of Berlin, and graduated from Munich as a physician in 1894. He did research work in Africa on malaria, sleeping sickness, and tsetse fly diseases. Dr. Schilling worked for the Rockeafeller Foundation in Berlin, receiving a grant in 1911 for the study of various diseases and for a trip to Rome. In 1941, in Italy, Dy. Schilling met Dr. Conti, the Reich physician leader, who invited him to see Himmler. Schilling went to Himmler who gave him the order for him to continue his studies at Dachau. Schilling had selected Dachau because it was near his birthplace. The question of using prisoners for experiments was not discussed. In January 1942 Schilling went to Dachau. Schilling only accepted this commission at Dachau because the League of Nations, of which he was a member, told him of the importance of curing the seventeen million known cases of malaria. He believed it was his duty to humanity. He never became a member of tho SS or the Nazi Party. He was a 'free independent, research man'."Dr. Schilling infected thousands of prisoners with malaria 'Benign Tertia which is not fatal.
The purpose for this was to find a vaccination against mala ria, and today there is no vaccination against malaria except the one discovered by Schilling. Dr. Schilling used mosquitoes and blood transfusions to infect the patients aid received patients already infected. The patients were divided into groups and were constantly watched, one group for the purpose of keeping up the strain and another for immunization purposes. The latter were injected repeated to stop up their immunity. Schilling reinfected about 400 to 500 patients and used quinine, atabrine, and neo-salvarsan, and a dye number 2516, which made the patients immune. To prove this, he had to test by infecting them again.
"Dr. Schilling could not work with animals because they are not receptive to malaria, and men are used throughout the world. He assumed that Admiral Stipp and Mark Boyd, two malaria authorities, used humans in their experiments. Infect malaria has been used to cure paralysis.
"Only about four or five of the patients refused to be immunized, but they consented after Schilling explained the importance of the work. The selections of the patients were made as follows: Berlin allowed him thirty patients a month and he would request them through the camp physician from the commandant who * contacted the labor leader. The latter selected healthy prisoners and Schilling' assistants chose the final names and sent them to Berlin, where the selection was approved. These patients were carefully inspected and could not be refused by Schilling be order of Himmler.
"The doses of neo-salvarsan were 1,54 grams and at no time failed. He used pyramidon to lower the boy temperature although the drug has a bad effect on the blood corpuscles. He used this drug only in fifteen cases and found that two grams were not harmful. This was important so the body could react without fever. Nobody died from pyramidon. Malaria has been used to cure syphillis, and neosalvarsan can destroy parasites in a fever.
"Dr. Schilling never dealt with Dr. Blaha on any autopsies involving neosalvarsan poisoning. Discharged patients were told to report back if they felt sick. Periodic checks were made of them and any patient was received back if there were signs of relapse. If Schilling were asked to resume his work, he would do so only volunteers. 398 "Dr. Schilling was withdrawn as a witness at this point, but resumed the stand later and testified as follows:
In death though neo-salvarson all organs are affected. Blood cells may die, but nothing like this happened in his cases. It is impossible to determine death by malaria by a mere autopsy with out a microscope, especially where there may be other complications. Pyramidon is rarely the cause of death.
"Out of the 100 people infected by Dr. Schilling with malaria, not a single one of them died of uncomplicated malaria.
"Weight of the patients during experiments increased. Additional food was given and people suffering from contagious disease would ba isolated. Dr. Schilling never stated the wrong cause of death.
Dr. Schilling stated he couldn't experiment on himself because he had malaria an 1933 and men like aim cannot be reinfected in most cases, although malaria is a recurring disease. If there is chronic malaria, the heart muscles will suffer as in all chronic diseases. Malaria will increase the watery substance in the blood and the brain will suffer under chronic malaria. Chronic malaria will weaken the body to make in susceptible to other diseases and one may die of another disease while having malaria.
Schilling had SS doctors helping him and examined all patients personally and supervised the records. Schilling recognized Prosecution's Exhibit No. 131, which started that nineteen cases were treated with pyramidon, three of whom died. He declared these patients were suffering from typhus and were removed from the ward.
"Although there was a typhus epidemic in November 1944 and he know that people were dying, he continued his experiments. Everyone who was innoculated remained at the station. One patient was injected three times and later died of typhus. He was given neo-salvarsan, atabrine, and quinine.
"Pyramidon doses of three grams per day for five successive days were given. Dr. Blaha did not inform Schilling of the deaths due to pyramidon poisoning. If Schilling had been notified he would have stopped the experiment, An Italian named Calveroni was infected with blood and might have gotten typhus.
"If a man is suffering from malnutrition, a big dose of neosalvarsan is not advisable. If it would save his life, Schilling would give it to him. It depended on the physical condition of the man and of what he was suffering; yet, Schilling gave the drug to Father Wicki who only weighed 50 kilos, but Schilling says that Wicki was not a sever case." -- A kilo is approximately two pounds--Schilling gave three grams of neo-salvarsan in five days, which was the largest dose he ever gave over that period of time. He does net remember giving drugs to sufferers of dysentery.
"Schilling did not remember specific cases where he did not use caution. He recalled the priest Stachowski who died, but doesn't remember that he died from neo-salvarsan.
"Dr. Schilling was not under the control of the SS. He heard rumors about beatings, but did not concern himself with 'things that were not my business'. All his records had been burned. Schilling denied all accusations against him other than what he admitted as a part of his duty. He declared that his work was unfinished and that the court should do what it could to help him finish his experiments for the benefit of science and to rehabilitate himself.
"Mrs. Hubner, who know Professor Schilling for thirty years, stated that she often saw him in Italy and in Germany and has known him to be of good reputation and of good veracity. He told her his only aim was to cure malaria. She believed his intentions at Dachau were good.
"Frau Durck, the wife of a university professor of the anatomical pathology who was interested in malaria research, knew Professor Schilling since 1924. Schilling was always regarded in his field as a serious scientist.
She knew what he was doing at Dachau, but her husband would not have done it.
"Dr. Eisenberger, a lawyer for 52 years, knew Dr. Schilling for 30 years. He considered Schilling highly respectable and reliable, and said Schilling was seeking to benefit science and would never do anything wrong.
"Heinrich Storr, a male nurse at Dachau, testified it was known that Schilling worked on orders from Himmler. The camp's physician and Schilling's assistants examined the patients prior to the experimentation Dr. Brachtel, an SS doctor and assistant to Schilling also performed atabrine experiments. If a patient had a relapse from malaria, he was treated by Dr. Schilling. Others were given quinine by some of the hospital staff.
"Max Kronenfelder worked in the malaria station under Schilling from February 1941 to June 1943. He knew about a Dr. Brachtel who also made private experiments on malaria without the knowledge of Dr. Schillin Kronenfelder took blood smears and performed minor details such as cleaning up. Brachtel experimented with patients who had tuberculosis, being helped by a man named Adam. Adam was often in the morgue with Dr. Blaha.
"Father Rupieper had been subjected to the malaria experiment in August 1942. Other priests who were also subjected were Peter Bower, Gustav Spitzick, Amon Burkhardt, Fritz Keller and Kasinemer Gasimer Rikofsky."
We now turn to Section VI, which is Prosecution Rebuttal Evidence Paragraph 15, referring to Klaus Karl Schilling.
"When one of Dr. Schilling's patients died, there were orders to report that fact to the malaria station, even though the man had died in another section of the hospital. Toward the end of 1942, Professor Schilling was personally present at the autopsy of a man who died of neosalvarsan and he requested the brain, liver, kidneys, spleen and a piece of stomach. In that case, Dr. Schilling dictated part of the findings with respect to the cause of death.
When the first three patients died from pyramidon in February 1945, a member from the malaria station and Dr. Hintermayer were present. Dr. Blaha stated that in his experience as a physician, the average patient could receive 3.3 phramidon a day, and that the largest dose would be 2 grams per day, but that of course assume that the individual was healthy and strong. In Dr. Blaha's judgment, the prison inmates could not be given more than one and a half to two grams for a few days. If those people were to receive three grams per day for three successive days, signs of poisoning would be revealed.
"Dr. Blaha stated that an autopsy revealed that death from pyramidon was the result of sudden suffocation, which was not true in the case of typhus. Death from typhus could be determined by certain indicia without a microscope.
"Dr. Blaha explained that the ordinary Midol tablet contained .3 phramidon and that it is sold over the open counter. If taken in moderate doses, it will not have any ill effects.
"A leaflet of I. G. Farben, Indiana, which held the neo-salvarsan contained the following instructions: 'In between the individual infections, spaces of time should be permitted to elapse, from three to several days'. These were instructions for syphillis. In paragraph five in the leaflet it read in part, 'Such caution in the use of neo-salvarian is recommended for under nourished and severe anemic patients, tuberculosi diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and intestines'."
We turn now to Section X of the review: Merits and Defense, Paragraph 15, Dr. Klaus Karl Schilling.
"Dr. Schilling, at the call of Himmler, began conducting his malaria experiments at Dachau in February 1942. He continued these experiments until liberation of the camp. It was undisputed that the inmates upon whom Dr. Schilling used in his work were not volunteers. Dr. Schilling's research was performed for the purpose of determining immunization for and treatment of malaria. His requests for inmates were made about every month. These lists were prepared in the camp physician's office and then sent to the camp commander and labor office.
About 1200 selectees were thus chosen for subjection. Many of them were priests. The number of people who died from the malaria or from drugs such as pyramidon or neo-salvarsan is not known. Certainly some died. It is reasonable to infer that the deaths of many of the inmates from tuberculosis, dysentery, typhus, and other diseases were caused in part by the fact that these people had been subject to malaria. Although Dr. Schilling's motive may have been simply and purely a scientific one, his activities exemplified the Nazi scheme which existed at Dachau. The part he played in that scheme is clear."
Section XIV, Sentences.
"In many respects, the accused Schilling was the most reprehensible. He voluntarily came to Dachau fully cognizant of the nature of the work he intended to perform. Being educated and learned person that he was, Schilling undoubtedly must have realized the manner in which his work suited the needs of the Nazis. Although his personal motives may have stemmed from his desire to aid humanity, he permitted himself to utilize Nazi method s in contrast to other eminent German artists and scientists who either fled or refused to make themselves a part of the Nazi system. It is believed that the sentence of the court, who was aware of Schilling's position in the scientific world, should be approved."
Section SVI, Actions.
"A form of action designed to carry the foregoing recommendations into effect, should they meet with your approval, is submitted herewith. Charles E. Cheever, Colonel, Staff Judge Advocate."
And the last page, which I will not read, is a confirmation of the sentences by Lieutenant General L. K. Truscott, Jr., U. S. Army, Commanding.
I call to the attention of the Tribunal that the Dachau Board found as a fact that Dr. Schilling received his commission to carry out his criminal experiments from the Reichsfuehrer-SS, Heinrich Himmler. As is shown in all fields of this fiendish experimental program in Nazi Germany, the defendants charged with malaria experiments likewise had full knowledge of Schilling's work, as he reported to them, conferred with them, received vital materials from them, and in some instances, they actively collaborated with the deceased Dr. Schilling.
At this time, I present to the Court, Document No. NO-721 which is offered as Prosecution Exhibit No. 126. This is a memorandum signed by the defendant Sievers. It reads as follows:
"Memorandum.
"Re: Consultation with Dr. May at Munich on 1 April 1942.
"1. A doctor and zoologist, Dr. Hilt, is at disposal.
"2. An entomologist, Dr. Braun.
"Both, however, are not presently employed in their specialities with the Wehrmacht, and would have to be assigned or released.
"3. Of the objects offered, the most favorable to date is a farmhouse at Holzkirchen. It is situated in the immediate vicinity of the railroad station near the Autobahn. The price is 73,000 Reichmark. It would have to be rebuilt for our purposes. To date, it has been used for the housing of soldiers. The Wehrmacht is interested in buying it in order, possibly, to use it as a food-staffs factory. The fact that there are a sufficient number of living quarters seaks well for Holzkirchen.
"4. In this connection, I am wondering whether the experiments could not be started most quickly if the required space were provided at the Camp Dachau. The excellent medical arrangements there could be used for the examinations and furthermore the experiments would be considerable easier if observations could be made on prisoners.
"Another matter in favor of Dachau is the fact that Professor Schlink is carrying out his anopheles examinations there with regard to tropical malaria."--Professor Schlink is a name similar to that of Schilling.
"5. At present, an extensive program is being prepared in Greece for the combatting of anopheles larvae. The luftwaffe is participating with the Air Defense Unit which is providing airplanes. The combatting is being carried out with arsenic preparations.
The program is in the hands of Special Leader Dr. Dauberschmidt. The last Ministry has manifested its interest. It would be necessary that we join in by sending Dr. May. Service Pass and Travel Permit are requested.
"Signature. Sievers., SS Obersturmbannfuehrer."
It is obvious from this document, Wolfram Sievers at this point or 1 April 1942 or thereabouts was familiar with the work of Dr. Schilling at Dachau. This letter is a proposal for further experiments which are to be planned, which obviously shows that the distinguished Wolfram Sievers, in his capacity as Reich Manager of the Ahnenerbe, had his finger in all these pies.
In order to substantiate the position of the defendant Sievers and his cultural society, the Ahnenerbe, I will now ask the Tribunal to turn to Document No. *.
THE PRESIDENT: At this time, the Tribunal will have a recess until 1:30 o'clock.
(A recess was taken until 1330 hours.)
AFTERNOON SESSION (The hearing reconvened at 1330 hours, 13 December 1946.)
MR. HARDY: May it please the Tribunal, in order to substantiate the position of the defendant Sievers and his concern with the Ahnenerbe, I now ask the Tribunal to turn to page 12 in the Document Book, which is Doc. 3546-PS which has been previously introduced by Mr. McHaney as exhibit 123. I have put this document in the Document Book for the convenience of the Tribunal, the translation into English.
We will turn to page 11 of the Document Book under "22 February, 1330 hours to 1500 hours. Article ** Conference with Dr. Habil. Ed. May, (b) Collaboration with Dr. Ploetner and Prof. Schilling."
THE TRIBUNAL (Judge Sebring) Just a moment sir. I haven't located it, will you repeat that again, sir.
MR. HARDY: Under date of 22 February, page 14.
THE TRIBUNAL: (Judge Sebring) Name the page.
MR. HARDY: 14 of your Honor's Document Book. At the bottom of the page under the date of 22 February - two lines up from the bottom, number 2, "Conference with Dr. Habil. Ed. May, b) Collaboration with Dr. Ploetner and Prof. Schilling."... Ploetner is one of the doctors who assisted Schilling in his work at Dachau. Now turn to page 19 of your Honor's Document Book. Under the date of 31 May we see "SS Hauptsturmfuehrer Dr. Ploetner. 1. Decree of Reichsarzt SS concerning collaboration with Prof. Schilling."... Which indicates that not only Himmler personally was interested in Schilling's works, but here Dr. Grawitz decrees that all shall collaborate with Prof. Schilling. Turn to the next page - top of the page. "3. Visit to Prof. Schilling: Discussion about limiting SS Hauptsturmfuehrer Ploetner's activities after his transfer to the AE"... Which is presumably Ahnenerbe. That is all the mention that is made to malaria experiments in Sievers" diary in 1944 and these important bits of evidence will establish Sievers' position in many murders of hundreds in experiments at Dachau.
A few days ago Prosecution pointed out the WVHA - that is Economic and Administrative Division under Oswall Pohl -- also played a leading roll in this experimental plant in that they supplied fortunate victims placed at the disposal of various physicians and scientists conducting experiments at various concentration camps.
I now introduce document NO-065 which is an affidavit of Oswald Pohl and is offered in evidence as exhibit 127.
THE TRIBUNAL: (Judge Sebring) On what page is that?
MR. HARDY: That is page 26 of your Honor's Document Book. This affidavit refers to several experiments which we will deal with its presentation. At this time I will read the affidavit.
"Medical Experiments General Medical experiments were conducted by order of Himmler.
Representatives of the medical profession who knew how to sell him a medical problem as extremely important or had good friends to intervene for them,"...
DR. KARL HOFFMANN: (Counsel for the defendant Pokorny) Mr. President, I object to the reading of this affidavit as far as it has to do with my client. My client is mentioned in so far as experiments of Ma*aus are concerned. Pohl is here in the Nurnberg prison and is available at all times for testimony. His testimony on the subject of the experiments which concern my client is so unclear that I would like to cross examine him under all circumstances. I, therefore, request that this document be not read.
MR. McHANEY: If the Tribunal please, I would like very vigorously to object to his motion to exclude the affidavit secured from Oswald Pohl. In the first place Ordnance No. 7 clearly provides that affidavits are permissable before this Tribunal and the availability of the witness is not set up as a rule for determination of it. It is true that Pohl is now in the Nurnberg jail. However, this man will be indicted and tried in this same Court. Prosecution does not wish to call him as a witness.
If the Defense Attorney wishes to call pohl for cross examination to the extent he desires regarding the statement made hereby shown, that is his privilege. We may at a later stage of the trial bring Pohl to the stand to testify on other matters of a more general nature than set forth in this affidavit. However, we are not prepared to call him at this time and I would request the over-rule of this objection on the grounds of his availability here.
They man call Pohl for cross examination if they so wish as to any statement made in the affidavit but I do not sec that runs against the admissibility of our document.
DR. KARL HOFFMAN: (Counsel for the defendant Pokorny): Mr. President, if Pohl is available at another time then I will take back my motion.
DR. McHANEY: If the Tribunal please I do not wish to be understood as making any hard and fast committment that we will or will not call Pohl as a witness for the Prosecution. We may do so but we have not finally decided that matter. Any way the witness Pohl will be available for cross examination as to any matter contained in this affidavit at any time and if we do not call him then, of course, the Defense Attorney for the defendant Pokorny may avail himself of the right to call Pohl to the stand.
DR. KARL HOFFMAN (Counsel for the defendant Pokorny): Mr. President, it will depend on the testimony of Pohl whether it can be ascertained that experiments were made with the medicament which is charged to my client or not. You will find in the document that Pohl does not express himself clearly. Thus I shall need Pohl in any circumstances and I shall take back my motion only if I have the right to call him as a witness at a later date.
- 407-A
THE PRESIDENT: The objection to the admission of the affidavit at this time is overruled. It will be understood, according to the statement by the Prosecution, that Pohl will be available to be called as a witness by the defendant.
MR. HARDY: I shall read the affidavit:
"General. Medical experiments were conducted by order of Himmler. Representatives of the medical profession who knew how to sell him a medical problem as extremely important or who had good friends to intervene for them, could easily arouse his interest, though Himmerler himself did not possess any more medical knowledge than any educated layman. He had, however, an ample opportunity to talk about those problems with the doctors on his staff and in his immediate environment, and he probably did so. (Grawitz, Gebhardt, Brandt, Conti and others).
"When he was interested in a project he did all within his power to aid the medical men and kept in close contact with the problems and personally watched the progress of the project.
"When prisoners were provided for an experiment, the order usually was sent to the Inspection department, later also to me. But I don't think it impossible that, in addition to the above, orders were sent directly to the camp commanders, otherwise I would have known of more experiments than those described below.
"After I protested in 1944 against the delivery of prisoners for this purpose as this prevented their use for work, Himmler made Grawitz his representative for the execution of medical experiments.
"From this time on it was Grawitz' duty to supervise all the experiments ordered by Himmler and to report about them, but this does not mean that Himmler reduced his personal participation.
"Special. The following experiments because known to me in the period from April 1942 until the end of 1944, the time when the Inspection department belonged to the WVHA.
"1. Schilling: These projects are probably known for quite a while through the trial of Schilling. During one of my visits in Dachau, Schilling, whom I had not known before, had shown me his establishment and told me all sorts of things about malaria and malaria mosquitoes.
I think this was the largest experiment. It was also on this occasion that I decided to send my protest to Himmler, because Schilling continuously asked for prisoners. I can not say the exact number that were sent to him.
"2. Rascher; I became aware of these experiments through the written orders of Himmler to me. The prisoners were sent to Dachau. The experiments also took place there. On the occasion of one of his visits to Munich, Himmler took me with him to watch one of these experiments.
We saw an airplane cockpit and eventually a prisoner sat in it. Then the cockpit was put under the diminished air pressure and Rascher observed this through a glass window. Afterwards the person experimented upon was brought to Rascher's study where he was asked questions by Rascher. The prisoner answered those first questions as if in a stupor until after a certain time his full senses of perception were restored. I did not see any other experiments of Rascher. Neither did I select the prostitutes for his cooling experiments. They probably came from Ravensbruck.
"3. Klauberg (or Glauberg). I met him at a dinner in the Fuehrerhaus in Auschwitz. He was introduced to me, but I did not speak with him about his experiments. I was not present at the organization of his experiments, but I had heard previously from Gluecks that Klauberg was working on sterilization."
Gluecks was a subordinate of Oswald Pohl.
"I declined Klauberg's invitation to see his experiments.
"4. Sievers (Ahnenerbe). I heard for the first time about it in Berlin on occasion of Sievers' visit with me. Evidently at that time the experiments were finished. Sievers came to find out from me about the possibilities for manufacturing of medicine. I mentioned the Deutsche Heilmittel GMBH (German Medical Corporation, Ltd.) in Prag which belonged to the German plants, managed by Oberfuehrer Baier of my staff. I recommended Sievers to go to him. The medicine had been manufactured later in Schlachters (Black Forest). Sievers told me the following: The 'Ahnenerbe', whose manager was Sievers, had developed in Dachau a medicine which quickly brought coagulation of blood. It was enormously important for our army because it prevented continual bleeding.
It was the result of experiments in Dachau dying which a prisoner was fired upon. A prisoner in Dachau, a specialist in the field, took an important part in the discovery of this medicine.
"5. Hassmeyer. An Oberarzt (head physician) in the medical institution in Hohenlychen, received from Himmler permission to carry out experiments with tuberculoses. I sent him to Gluecks who put the necessary persons to experiment upon at his disposal. He received about ten orphan children who probably came from Auschwitz. The experiments took place in Neuengamme. Later I saw a paper on these experiments which was written for Himmler. But it was written in such a scientific way that I did not understand a thing.
"6. Madaus. Worked in Radebeul on a sterilization drug. The Schweigrohr plant was needed for its preparation. As this plant grows mainly in North America, Himmler charged me to arrange for its cultivation in Germany. Himmler evedently meant the medical plants division of the Herb Garden in Dachau, which belonged to my administration.
"The contract with Madaus was made through the doctor at Lolling's Inspection department.
"Madaus, assisted by Dr. Koch, considered Dachau unsuitable; therefore, he invited us to visit Radebeul and to start the cultivation there. During this visit we were shown the premises and experiments with animals in the laboratory. I am not sure that these were experiments with the Schweigrohr medicine, but I presume that this was the case. A hothouse was needed for the cultivation of this plant in Radebeul, and therefore Dr. Koch asked for my help in getting it. I promised him to report this business to Himmler, who granted his request.
"To what extent they were successful with the cultivation of the plant and whether it resulted in the mass production of the medicine and to experiments with human beings, I don't know. especially because from then on all further details were taken care of by Lolling alone.
"7. Lost. I can't remember whether experiments took place in this case at all, because also, other offices were participating in such experiments. It is, of course, possible. I don't know either whether the bombs which I saw during my visit in the I.G. Farben (Chemical Trust) factory Byrrenfurt near Breslau (I was invited there by Dr. Ambrose) were filled with gas made out of Lost.
"Conclusion: I have taken pains to do my best to describe what has stuck in my memory. I did not have any direct information about most of the experiments. The prisoners who were set aside (abgestellt) for the experiments appeared in the monthly reports from Lolling's office as one number, and they were divided among 40 different experiments.
I found this out in 1944 through Lolling. If I am not mistaken, the number of prisoners set aside for this purpose tatalled about 350-400. I tried time and again to make this number lower; in the first place, I admit, because I wanted to use the prisoners for work. This brought about a personal intervention by Himmler who personally ordered the presentation of the prisoners, e.g., in the case of Schilling.
"My personal attitude toward the medical experiments with living human beings is the same as of any moral person. But I have not seen clearly the dimensions of these experiments -- and being an outsider, I could not see the extent of their danger. In my heart I was against the method of Himmler.
DR. SERVATIUS 9 Counsel for defendant Karl Brand):
Mr. President, I can not see if the document has been sworn to. The phototstatic copy which I have received just now does not contain any note either that it has been sworn to. After Pohl's signature there is a number, "14/7" which I understand to mean 14 July. In the copy has been added "Sworn to and signed 23. June." Perhaps the Prosecutor could explain this to us. If the document has not been sworn to, then I ask that it be withdrawn.
MR. HARDY: I can fully explain the condition, Your Honor. This document was written by Oswald Pohl in his cell in his own handwriting, and when he finished writing it, it was 14 June. Then, after he had written the document, he waited several days before he was called for an interrogation, and at the time he was called for the interrogation he presented the document to Walter Rapp, Chief of our Evidence Division, and at that time Mr. Rapp took his oath and had the document sworn to.
DR. SERVATIUS: Mr. President, I believe that this is a mistake. He has signed it in July, and supposedly he has sworn to it in June. Therefore, there must be a typographical error.
HR. HARDY; Pardon me. I did not notice that discrepance. It is obviously a typographical error. It was sworn to in July, the same date it was written. The reason for the difference between the 14th and 23rd was the time he was called from his cell.
DR. SERVATIUS: Then, may I request that the original be presented.
JUDGE SEBRING: Is it your assertion that the words "Sworn to and signed before me this 23rd of June 1946 in Nurnberg, Germany" should read 23rd of July?
MR. HARDY: To comply with the actual affidavit, yes, sir. 23rd of July.
THE PRESIDENT: The original document as submitted to the Tribunal shows no jurat.
MR. HARDY: May I see the document, your Honor?
Obviously, your Honor, the jurat isn't on the document and I request that we will retain the document and have it sworn to at a later date.
THE PRESIDENT: The offer of the exhibit will be withdrawn at this time.
MR. HARDY: The question arose this morning - the defense counsel crossed Mr. McHaney's presentation of the admission of Document 2428-PS. At this time I have another section of that document to present to the Tribunal which is the testimony of Marion Dobrowski and at this time I wish to present to the. Tribunal the actual documents themselves which were presented in evidence to the IMT as Great Britain Exhibit 582. I must request that the Tribunal return them immediately as they are part of the original record of IMT and are being sent to the Library of Congress and I have signed for them only to be returned this evening. This is, you will see, an official report which has a cover sheet "Confidential Report of the Atrocities Committed at the Dachau Concentration Camp". It is in three volumes - two of them were upstairs and were obviously put into evidence. These volumes are numbered 25 to 27 and was a report of War Crimes Investigation Team # 6823. At this time I wish to call...
THE PRESIDENT: Just a moment. In connection with this exhibit which has just been offered. It may be admitted if a photostatic copy of the pertinent parts, including the confidential cover, will be substituted promptly.
JUDGE SEBRING: Counsel, can you point out in these document books where the affidavits are that you now have.
MR. HARDY: Yes, sir, Just a moment.
JUDGE SEBRING: Will you hand up the other book, please?
DR. FLEMMING (defense counsel for the defendant Mrugowsky): I have been informed that these are Volumes 2 and 3 and that there still is a Volume 1 it is stated in the introduction how the commission carried out these interrogations and how it was organized.