He personally undertook the scientific treatment of a group of trichinosis cases, the solving of which problem is to a high degree due to him. (Spring of 194). He endeavored to put all results of medical science at the service of the wounded and sick as quickly as possible and consequently showed great interest in scientific work and endeavors. Thus at an early date he recognized the importance of dental illnesses for the troops, their efficient treatment and prophylaxis and therefore took an active part in the work of the Working Association for Paradentesis Research. He was especially interested in the further training of his medical officers, always in the sense that as capable physicians as possible and as proved methods as possible be put at the service of the soldiers who were under his command and entrusted to him. During the positional war already he organized training courses for medical officers, during which all practical problems of medicine and medical service were discussed by outstanding experts. After the end of the French campaign he had his Consulting Medical Officers bring the medical and practical experiences of the physicians of the entire Army area to the knowledge of all physicians of the troops at a scientific meeting. He himself joined in the discussions and declined all half measures and all opinions and medical cures which had not been sufficiently proved.
He assisted the Consulting Physicians to a great extent in their responsible assignment. As Army Medical Inspector, he was especially suitable because of his extensive medical knowledge, his acknowledges outstanding organizational talent, and his imperturbable strong personality.
His appointment to this high position was generally welcomed. It also cannot be denied that under his supervision the Army Medical Service was much improved and that outstanding medical work was done in all theaters of operations. It is essentially due to him that during the Russian winter of 1941/42 incisive measures were ordered for preferential hospitalization and transportation of wounded soldiers and that the problem of freezing and of protection against cold was immediately investigated with all available means and forces. He was responsible for generous measures in connection with the diagnosing and combatting of typhus; he also gained the greatest and undeniable merits in combatting malaria, war nephritis, contagious jaundice, and other war epidemics. By establishing an Army Mountain Medical School he attacked the specialties of the medical care of mountain troops from the medical and scientific side; by creating a working association for the investigation of paradental damage in the army, the meetings of which he directed himself as a rule, he sponsored extensive investigation on the increase of bleeding of the gums and tooth injuries which had occurred during the war in various theaters of operations. As Chief of the Wehrmacht Medical Service he took a special interest in the training and advanced training of medical students and the younger medical officers.
Repeatedly I have had occasion to discuss confidentially with Professor Dr. HANDLOSER questions of the medical training, of the fundamental attitude of the active medical officer, of the profession of medicine, and of medical research and science, I have seldom met a person filled by such a sense of duty and responsibility as Professor HANDLOSER, The same high requirements he asked of himself he also asked of the medical officer and of the physician. His supreme principle was always: never to do any harm. I still remember excited discussions on the introduction of sulfonamide prophylaxis for combat units, on the efficacy of a preserved blood or of other means of replacing blood, on the necessity of a prophylactic tetanus vaccination in cases of burns and freezing, on the possibilities of a protective vaccination against typhus and typhoid fever.
In all his speeches and discussions Professor HANDLOSER always demonstrated the highest ethical conception of the medical profession, which in the last analysis was borne out by his deep religious feeling. Professor HANDLOSER refused all uncertain and life-endangering investigations and experiments sharply. He repeatedly pointed out that his soldiers and human beings in general were no guineapigs, and permitted treatment only if he was convinced of its reliability and innocuousness. For instance, in connection with research on the pathological anatomy of hepatitis epidemica, he expressly prohibited liver puncture of jaundice patients which I had proposed in order to obtain a diagnosis and scientific research on this disease in my field of duties of the southern armies. I consider it absolutely unthinkable that he approved or ordered experiments on political prisoners or prisoners of war. His respect for the human body went so far that he even considered autopsies, which I had to conduct and to supervise as consulting pathologist, justified only in the strictest scientific spirit and under the most urgent military necessity. In speeches he repeatedly called the attention of the medical officers to the importance of the valuable human material which was entrusted to them in the treatment of the sick and wounded. It is probably known only to a very few people that one of Professor HANDLOSER's most essential characteristics is his profound religiosity. In spite of his optimistic attitude toward life he has devoted much attention to metaphysical problems and condemned most decisively the intolerance of National Socialism toward the religious communities. It is known to me that his appointment to the position of Army Medical Inspector as well as to that of Chief of the Wehrmacht Medical Service was rendered much more difficult because of his never denied membership in the Catholic Church and his faith and that expecially certain circles of the highest SS leadership made great difficulties for him even during his period in office. In spite of his high position, Professor HANDLOSER was by no means persona grata with the supreme command of the Army and with the High Command of the Wchrmacht.
He was absolutely opposed to the ideology of National Socialism. To his closest friends he voiced considerable objections to the leadership of the state and the war and to leading personalities (as far as his high official position could permit him at all to talk about such matters). For his part, he always did all he could to correct unscientific and unexpert actions. He was an exemplary Army Physician and Army Medical Inspector, to whom the German soldier and the wounded or sick enemy owes the greatest gratitude. As much as he was feared because of his strictness, he was esteemed by the whole medical officers' corps because of his objectivity and justice.
I am not related to Professor HANDLOSER, either by blood or marriage, and I am in no way obligated to him on account of personal advantages.
I esteem him as a man of honor and a zealous German soldier and a critical scientist.
"I have been confirmed in my position as professor of the University of Muenster by ordinance of the military Government of 9 October 1945 and de-nazified by all German committees."
I request that this document be admitted as Exhibit 43.
A picture of the character of the defendant Handloser as medical officer and human being is given by Document HA-41, located on page 62 of Document Book II, which I now offer as Exhibit 44. It is on affidavit of Generalerzt Dr. Jaeckel who has been very close to the defendant for many years. I did not want to read this document but I request that it be admitted as Exhibit 44 and that it be included in the record.
May I continue?
THE PRESIDENT: Continue.
DR. NELTE: The next document is Document HA-45 on page 68 of Document Book II. It is an affidavit by 20 general physicians (Generalarzt) of all branches of the Wechrmacht. It is testimony by all those physicians in the highest positions of the medical service do the Chief of the Medical Services, Handloser. I am offering this document as Exhibit 45, without wanting to read it.
I am further offering the affidavit by the well known GeneralOberst Halder, who was Chief of the General Stuff of the Army and a superior to the defendant Handloser, dated 1 February 1947. This document HA-54 in the supplement of today - HA-54. I only want to present this document as evidence. Also the affidavit of General Field Marshal List .....
THE PRESIDENT: Document HA-54 would be Handloser Exhibit 45-46, which?
DR.NELTE: It would be Exhibit 46. The affidavit of General Field Marshal List, HA-53, Document Book III, on page 33, will become Exhibit 47.
THE PRESIDENT: Please give the Tribunal the number of that document again.
DR. NELTE: It is Document HA-53, on page 33 of Document Book III. It will became Exhibit 47.
The affidavit by Dr. Drexler is a remarkable affidavit. It is located on page 47 in Document Book II. It is Document HA-33....
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel, you are preceding a little too fast. We have net succeeded in numbering our documents yet, due to the fact that the last document mentioned was neither indexed or paged. The **at we have is your Exhibit 47, HA-53. Will you give us again the next number of your next exhibit -- the number of your next exhibit?
DR. NELTE: It will be Exhibit 47. May it please the Tribunal, this is Document HA-53, which will become Exhibit 47.
THE PRESIDENT: We have that, counsel.
DR. NELTE: Then I said that the next document is a remarkable affidavit. It is a letter which was not addressed to me ...
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel, if you will in the first instance when producing an exhibit, give us the number and the page, the document number and the document book, we can then find that document immediately before you proceed to describe it, which will be an advantage to the Tribunal.
DR. NELTE: It is Document HA-33 in Document Book II, page 47, and it is to become Exhibit 48. The document is a letter which Dr. Drexler sent to the wife of the defendant Handloser and she passed on this letter to me and I requested Dr. Drexler to have his letter certified and I am new presenting it in this form to the Tribunal. I do not want to touch the personal matters in this letter but I only want to present the individual examples to you which are contained in this letter in or order to clarify the personality of Handloser. Starting on the bottom of the second page of the document you will find the following statement:
"His attitude toward the former enemy is shown by small things:
"1) , In Poland and France, as Generaleberstabsarzt, he was satisfied with inferior quarters. In both countries he refused to let Pelos or Frenchmen the put out of their apartments or houses if he lived in the house. In Besancon, for example, he did not even permit an unused bed to be brought from the next house so that the entire staff of the army physician (Armecarzt) could be billeted in one empty house.
"2), When, in the campaign in the West, 3 American nurses were captured with a French medical unit, it was thanks to his efforts that these nurses wore immediately sent to Switzerland.
"3), In the French hospitals he saw to it that German medical supplies were made available to the French wounded. In order tc aid the French doctors in the French army hospitals, and in order to guarantee the best possible care for the wounded, he sent, after personal inspection, his subordinate 'consulting Physicians' (university professors of surgery, internal medicine, hygiene, etc.) to the French hospitals and had them help and work there. If wounded prisoners of war were brought to German field hospitals, he did not have the patients separated according to friend or fee, but only according to tic typo and severity of tie wound or the sickness."
I am presenting this document as Exhibit 48 and request that it be admitted.
I am now presenting some personal documents about the character Professor Handloser.
First of all, a statement by Dr. Wolter. That is document HA-36, on page 51 of Document Book II. I offer it as Exhibit 49 without reading it.
I then come to an affidavit by Dr. Stengele; that is Document HA-31, on page 44 of Document Book II. I offer this affidavit, which was taken before me, as Exhibit 50.
Mr. McHaney: The Prosecution objects to Document HA-31 on the ground that it was not sworn to before Dr. Nelte. The statement was apparently written on the 1st of December 1946, and has a notation that "I recogneze signature of Dr. Stengele and certify the contents of the affidavit" signed Dr. Nelte, Nuernberg, 3 January 1947. If I understand the ruling of the Tribunal with respect to defense affidavits, it requires that the affiant be administered an oath or make a statement in lieu of an oath before the defense attorney himself and in his presence, or before a notary public. That has not been done in this case.
Dr. Nelte: May it please the Tribunal. This affidavit was received by me on 1 December 1946. Later on Dr. Stengele visited me in person and according to German law procedure, that is, in a case when a witness comes to us with a signed affidavit, I considered it sufficient and I think it corresponds to the requirements of the Tribunal, that I have had the signature of Dr. Stengele recognized and I nave confirmed the contents of this affidavit. I believe that this affidavit meets the requirements of this Tribunal.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal notes that the last line of the document reads "I have made this statement under oath." Does counsel state that the witness, in counsel's presence, affirmed that this statement was made under oath?
DR. NELTE: The witness has certified in front of me that this affidavit of 1 December 1946 was an affidavit under oath.
THE PRESIDENT: The document offered will be received in evidence. Will you please give the Tribunal again the number of the document--the exhibit number?
DR. NELTE: This is Document HA-31 and it is contained on page 44 of Document Book II.
It is offered as Exhibit 50.
THE PRESIDEDT: The Exhibit is admitted in evidence. In view of the ruling of the Tribunal upon the letter from the pretonetary, it is my understanding. that HA Document No. 55 would now receive the permanent number HA Exhibit 42. If I remember correctly that number was left assigned to this document provisionally. Is that correct, counsel?
DR. NELTE: That was Exhibit 41. It was the affidavit by the protonotary Dr. Kreutz. It was Document HA-39. It was Exhibit 41.
THE PRESIDENT: And the document offered this morning by the witness, Hail Wuerfler, has been assigned Handloser Exhibit 42?
Dr. NELTE: HA-55 is Exhibit 42.
THE PRESIDENT: That is my understanding. I wanted to be sure that was correct.
The Tribunal will now recess until 1:30 O'clock.
(A recess was taken until 1330 hours.)
AFTERNOON SESSION (The hearing reconvened at 1330 hours, 20 February 1947.)
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the courtroom will please find their seats. The Tribunal is again in session.
DR. SEIDL (For the defendant Oberheuser): Mr. President, the defendant Dr. Oberheuser asks in view of her state of health to be allowed to remain away after the recess and a medical certificate will be submitted later.
THE PRESIDENT: The defendant Oberheuser may be excused from attendance in court after the afternoon recess. Counsel may proceed.
DR. NELTE (Counsel for the defendant Handloser): The next document in this connection is Document HA 30 in Document Book 2, page 43. This is the testimony of Professor Dr. Voit, director of the Medical Clinic in Mainz. This is an affidavit from a time when the ruling of the Tribunal about the form of such affidavits had not yet been issued. I have asked this Professor Dr. Voit to send me the formula which the Tribunal has requested for such affidavits and ask to submit this provisionally as Exhibit 51. The described formula will be submitted later.
MR. MCHANEY: It seems to me it might be preferable if Dr. Nelte just submitted the document as a whole at a later date. In that way it will relieve us of the responsibility of checking back on these documents that have been admitted provisionally. I am afraid in some cases might overlook some of these deficiencies and I would ask that the document be held without being offered until such time as it is in proper form.
DR. NELTE: I believe that I can assure Mr. McHaney that they will not be overlooked. I have noted down that there are four documents which require the new form. I point out expressly that this document corresponds to the formula which had been previously valid; that is, there is this delay only because a new ruling was made.
THE PRESIDENT: If I remember correctly, prosecution offered a number of documents in this manner. I think that counsel for the defendant may offer these provisionally with the record to be supplemented later. Counsel may proceed.
DR. NELTE: Mr. President, I come to the conclusion. Finally, I refer to the personality of Dr. Handloser, to the affidavit of Generalarzt Penner, HA 6, Exhibit 25, as well as the affidavits of Colonel Dr. Von Erlach, HA 7, Exhibit 25, and Dr. Brunner, HA 46, Exhibit 27. In submitting the two latter exhibits I reserved the right to read the parts defined concerning the personality of Dr. Handloser later and, therefore, I ask permission now to read from the affidavit of the Swiss Colonel Dr. Von Erlach in Document Book 2, page 10, besides Dr. Brunner, Document Book 2, page 73.
The third question asked of Dr. Von Erlach was, "Do you know Professor Dr. Handloser personally? What is your opinion of his personal attitude of principle in questions concerning medical care for prisoners of war as a doctor, a soldier and a man?"
He answers, "I have the privilege personally to have known Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Dr. Handloser for a large number of years. His attitude of principle in the questions concerning medical care to be given prisoners of war as a doctor, soldier and man was absolutely correct. He required all German doctors of the armed forces to adopt a similarly correct attitude and he wished that the provisions of the Geneva Convention be observed strictly. It must be considered t s a special merit on the part of Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Dr. Handloser that in the course of the war a special agreement could be made between the belligerents under which prisoners of war having contracted during their captivity stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers ascertained by x-ray, as well as those having contracted pleuritix exsudative during captivity, were to be considered as eligible for exchange.
"His great understanding as a doctor and as a man for the chronic and recurring illnesses of the prisoners of war impressed me again and again. In every personal interview with Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Dr. Handloser I have been able to satisfy myself of his noble mind, his high conception of the professional duty and responsibility to the prisoner of war, of his human understanding for the needs and sufferings of the prisoners of war, and of his always correct behavior."
And the last in this series is the answer of Colonel Dr. Brunner on page 73 of Document Book 2:"I have known Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Dr. Handloser since 1941 as successor of Professor Dr. Waldmann's in his capacity as chief of the German Army Medical Inspectorate.
When present in Berlin he always received the mixed physicians' commission in person and invited it for breakfast. For the last time I saw him at such an occasion around the end of 1942. He impressed me as a highly qualified physician and soldier and a good man. This opinion I expressed already in an earlier letter which I directed a month ago for the President of the Military Tribunal in Nuernberg, through the Military Attache of the US Army at Berne, Brigadier General B.R. Legge, to the supreme commander of the US Forces in Germany, General McNarney, to be forwarded by him. In accordance with the statements I made at that opportunity, I can only repeat here that professor Dr. Handloser was seriously concerned with the fate of the PW's and that he had asked me to inform him about my observations and possible complaints in the PW camps in general and in the hospitals in particular. It was his position that we should interpret the regulations of the Geneva Convention of 1929 concerning the return of PW's as generously as possible and in dubious cases always in favor of the PW, as for instance in judging these people older than 40 years who were suffering of chronical diseases of the stomach and the intestinal tracts.
"I don't think that I, as a Swiss medical colonel and former physician of a. division, should judge the Qualification of the chief of the German Army Medical Inspectorate as a soldier. However, I do not doubt for a moment his high military qualities which were decisive for his responsible position. That he as a soldier was also concerned about Questions of the medical care for the PW's is demonstrated by the above statements. There remains only the question how much time he had for this task on account of his various other duties.
"I recall Prof. Dr. Handloser as a man in the most favorable way and. I regret deeply that at the end of his military career he is exposed to such physical and psychological strain. From entirely personal conversations with him T know his deep sympathy for our Swiss democracy, a fact which is not surprising since he grew up in Constance, studied in Switzerland, is connected through family relations with our country and has spent some tine there.
He never concealed his feelings, just like Generalarzt Prof. Dr. Sauerbruch, the latter having done so even in public which resulted in his being prohibited to make further visits to Switzerland.
"I must be convinced that a man who, like Prof. Dr. Handloser, was so deeply impressed by our Swiss democracy and who made me, as its representative, feel that so deeply, respected our first democratic principle, that of human rights and human dignity, and that he acted accordingly.
"Therefore, I have gained the impression that Prof. Dr. Handloser is a good man and a good physician and I refuse to believe that the unheard-of cruelties performed in the PW camps were carried out with his knowledge and his approval."
It is possible that Prof. Brunner is mistaken in the last sentence. There was no question of prisoner of war camps here.
Mr. President, I ask that I may be allowed to reserve the right to submit various affidavits which have not yet been translated. It would be too long a delay if I were to read these affidavits which I have. I ask that I be allowed to submit later, first, an affidavit of Professor Dr. Wirth, who has been named by the Prosecution recently. This is not a witness whom we have called, but the prosecution has called him here in another connection, and we took advantage of the presence of Prof. Wirth in order to get his testimony on the question of the Lost experiments at the Military Medical Academy and the question of the significance of the meetings of the consulting specialists, and finally I asked him to express his opinion on the document concerning experiments in the Concentration Camp Neuengamme which was submitted by the Prosecution where it is alleged that this was done at the suggestion of Prof. Wirth. If the Prosecution should wish Prof. Wirth to be called to the witness stand, this can be done. Prof. Wirth is in the prison here.
Then I ask that I be allowed to submit an affidavit of Prof. Loehe, director of the University of Dermatology in Berlin. That has not been translated yet, either. Also an affidavit of a Mr. Stoecklein who wrote a letter to me without my requesting it. This letter must be put into the form of an affidavit.
Finally, I have an affidavit in telegraphic form. Hero again I must see that it is put into proper form. Finally, I have not yet received an answer to a questionnaire which I sent to the witness Dr. Balachovsky. It was sent to Franco about a month ago. This questionnaire has not yet been received. As soon as it is received I shall submit it to the Tribunal.
With this, for the time being, I conclude my case for the defendant Prof. Dr. Handloser.
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel for defendant Handloser may present these affidavits when they are in condition to be offered to the Tribunal. This morning counsel handed up another affidavit, HA Exh.
43, affidavit by Dr. Randerat. What does counsel desire to do with that affidavit?
DR. NELTE: This affidavit, Document HA 41, is Exhibit 43. I do not have the supplement here. Mr. President, what is the number, the HA number?
JUDGE SIEBRING: This morning you handed up to the bench two documents filed supplemental documents, Handloser. One of them was HA 43. The other document was HA 54. The Tribunal received Document HA 54 as Handloser Exhibit 46, but I do net recollect that HA 43 was ever tendered to the Tribunal for admission.
DR. NELTE: Document HA 43 is Exhibit 32. There was no English translation yet at that time, and you accepted it provisionally until the English translation was made.
DR. PRIBILLA (Counsel for the Defendant Rostock): With the permission of the Tribunal I call the defendant Prof. Paul Restock to the witness stand.
PAUL ROSTOCK, a witness, took the stand and testified as follows:
JUDGE SIEBRING: Hold up your right hand and be sworn:
I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, that I will speak the pure truth and will withheld and add nothing.
(The witness repeated the oath.)
JUDGE SIEBRING: You may be seated.
DIRECT EXAMINATION BY DR. PRIBILLA:
Q. What is your name?
A. My name is Paul Rostock.
Q. When were you born?
A. I was born on the 18th of January, 1892 at Kranz, a district of Meseritz.
Q. Please tell the Tribunal about your career, briefly.
A. I grew up in Pommerania in the country. My older brother became a farmer. I studied medicine at Greifswald and Jena. In April 1942 I to In April 1942 I took my state examination at Jena and subsequently became doctor of medicine.
That was in the year 1922. Immediately afterwards I became assistant at the Surgical University Clinic at Jena under Prof. Gulicke, and I remained at the University Clinic in my capacity as assistant until the end of 1927. Subsequently I became Oberarzt, senior physician, at the surgical department of the hospital at Bochum under Prof. Magnus. During these years I primarily occupied myself with injuries sustained in mining.
Prof. Magnus in the autumn of 1933 was called to Berlin. I went with him as Oberarzt, as senior physician, to the surgical university clinic at Berlin, Ziegelstrasse. In the year 1936 I was appointed Professor of Surgery. When in the fall of 1936 Professor Magnus was called to Munich I became deputy director of the Surgical University Clinic. During this time, besides studying joint pathology I also occupied myself with meningitis, primarily with the description according to the books of the entire surgery. In the year 1941 I became regular professor of surgery at the University of Berlin and director of the Surgical University Clinic at Berlin, Ziegelstrasse, after I had been at that clinic for three years as Oberarzt, senior physician, and had been the deputy direct r there for five years. In the year 1942 I became dean of the medical faculty at the University of Berlin.
During the past war I was assigned to the army as consulting surgeon. During the Polish campaign I was not used, and during the French campaign I served with the 16th Army, later on at the hospital base at Paris. During the Russian campaign I was with the 6th Army for two months and a half. At certain intervals I was attached to the Medical University at Berlin. In the fall of '42 I became consultant surgeon with the Army Medical Inspectorate, and in the year 1944 I received the rank of General Arzt of the Reserve. At the end of 1943, by request of Brandt, and besides my other activity I took over the direction of the Department for Science and Research with the General Commissioner for the Medical and Clinical Service. 3259
Q. I have a question. You became Generalarzt of which branch of the Wehrmacht?
A. I became assistant of the Surgeon General of the Army
DR. PRIBILIA: Mr. President, before I get into the technical part of my cross-examination I should like to submit some of my few documents which will explain to the Tribunal what is to be said.
First, I should like to read from Document Rostock No. 1. I should like to submit a chart which Professor Rostock himself prepared, which is to be Exhibit No. 1. This shows how the activities of Professor Rostock were distributed, divided according to years and percentage.
JUDGE SEBRING: Wait a minute. Mr. Secretary General, do you have another book? This is upside down and inside out. Counsel may proceed.
DR. PRIBILLA: I submit this Document No. 1, Exhibit No. 1.
Q. I ask you, Professor Rostock, to tell the Tribunal that you prepared it to the best of your knowledge?
A. I have made this graphic chart to the best of my knowledge and according to my conscience.
DR. PRIBILIA: Mr. President, I believe this chart speaks for itself and I need not explain it.
THE PRESIDENT: The chart may be admitted as Rostock Exhibit No. 1.
DR. PRIBILIA: As Document Rostock No. 2, Exhibit No. 2, I submit another chart. This chart is merely to show the time in which the experiments which are the subject of this trial were undertaken and the relation to Professor Rostock's activity during the War Years.
Q. I ask you to look at this chart once more and certify that you prepared it to the best of your knowledge.
A. I have also prepared this diagram in the last trials, on which are shown the activities which have been carried out and which have already been shown in Diagram No. 1, and the dates which are stated here in connection with the original experiments I have taken from the indictment. I have drawn a very thick black line around the experiments of which I am accused with special responsibility.
Q. May I interrupt you, the Tribunal has photostatic copies. The heavy lines there are not black but white. Also your activity as Editor of the Central Journal of Surgery is not listed.
A. I can only say that I have prepared this diagram to the best of my knowledge in accordance with my conscience. I may add a word of explanation, it has already been said that the experiments surrounded by the heavy line are those which the indictment mentioned in connection with Professor Rostock.
DR. PRIBILLA: At the bottom of the year 1933-1944 you will find a horizontal dotted line. This is the beginning of Dr. Rostock's activity. Below that there is a horizontal solid line which is the beginning of the activity of the agency when it was no longer at Rostock's clinic, but in Weditz.
The Document Rostock No. 3, Exhibit No. 3, I submit as Fuehrer Order No. 1 in the first Nurnberg trial before the International Military Tribunal, which was submitted as document K-1. It is an order to all agencies obligating them to absolute secrecy. This order was posted in every office, whether it was a military or a civilian agency of the Reich. This order in particular shows that everyone was allowed to speak only about those things which had to be brought officially to the notice of the other person. This order is submitted to explain that this obligation of secrecy sometimes explains why agencies which collaborated very closely actually did not learn what work was being done in the other agency.
As Document Rostock No. 4, Exhibit No. 4, I submit an excerpt from the list of German surgeons. This is published in 1938.
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel, in regard to Rostock Exhibit No. 3, the document does not bear the date or approximate date when it was used, promulgated. It might be of interest to the Tribunal to know when that order was announced. You may supply that date later.
DR. PRIBILLA: Mr. President, I am told that it is about the 1st of May, 1940. I am sorry that I did not include this date, but it was not contained on the order itself, and I received the document as it was submitted in the International Trial.
MR. SEBRING: Doctor, can you state to the Tribunal whether or not that date is made to appear either by documentary evidence or by oral evidence given by any witness before the International Military Tribunal?
DR. PRIBILLA: I will endeavor to obtain this information. I admit frankly that I have not thought about it before, because I knew that it was a document which had been admitted in the first trial.
Now, as Document No. Rostock 4, Exhibit No. 4, I submit an except from the list of German surgeons. This is a scientific publication in which all works in the Medical Field are contained which German professors had done at that time. The part of this list of German surgeons which deals with Rostock I have copied and had certified.